Deck 8: Alcohol

Question 1

When consumed in low to moderate amounts, alcohol is primarily metabolized by the ________________ pathway.

A)catalase
B)MEOS
C)alcohol dehydrogenase
D)peroxidase

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A typical rate of alcohol metabolism for a social drinker is ________.

A)½ drink per hour
B)2 drinks per hour
C)3 drinks per hour
D)None of these choices are correct

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What percent of North Americans consume alcohol?

A)10%
B)33%
C)62%
D)84%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Women absorb 30-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women ________.

A)have slower rates of gastric emptying
B)tend to eat more food when consuming alcoholic beverages
C)have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach
D)absorb all substances, including ethanol, more efficiently

Question 5

The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is ________.

A)80%
B)40%
C)20%
D)100%

Question 6

The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the ________.

A)liver
B)pancreas
C)small intestine
D)stomach

Question 7

Wine generally contains ________ alcohol.

A) $\le$ 5%
B)5 - 14%
C)15 - 22%
D)>22%

Question 8

A standard drink is defined as ________.

A)16 oz beer
B)12 oz wine cooler
C)5 oz wine
D)3 oz hard liquor

Question 9

Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)stomach and small intestine

Question 10

Binge drinking for a male is defined as having _______ or more drinks on a single occasion.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)10

Question 11

An alcoholic beverage with 15 g alcohol provides ______ kcal from alcohol.

A)105
B)60
C)135
D)15 15 g x 7 kcal/g = 105 kcal

Question 12

When the MEOS pathway is induced, alcohol tolerance _______ because the rate of alcohol metabolism __________.

A)increases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)decreases; decreases
D)increases; increases

Question 13

A standard drink contains _____ grams of alcohol.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)25

Question 14

The highest concentration of ethanol is found in ________.

A)beer
B)wine
C)distilled spirits
D)wine coolers

Question 15

Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by ________.

A)passive diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)simple diffusion
D)active transport

Question 16

The symptoms of acetaldehyde buildup during alcohol metabolism include ________.

A)flushing
B)rapid heartbeat
C)hyperventilation
D)All of these symptoms can occur

Question 17

The ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into ________.

A)citric acid
B)NADH
C)acetyl-CoA
D)pyruvate

Question 18

A blood alcohol level of _____ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S.and Canada.

A)0.05
B)0.08
C)0.10
D)0.50

Question 19

How many calories does alcohol provide?

A)4 kcal/g
B)7 kcal/g
C)9 kcal/g
D)12 kcal/g

Question 20

The process of fermentation involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)simple sugars, such as maltose
B)yeast
C)carbon dioxide
D)bacteria

Question 21

The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency ________.

A)are very infrequent in the United States
B)affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime
C)are untreatable problems
D)affect only those with other serious problems, such as poverty, unemployment, or mental health disorders

Question 22

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the _______ deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.

A)vitamin A
B)thiamin
C)niacin
D)vitamin B-12

Question 23

Excess consumption of some alcoholic beverages can lead to deficiencies of iron and zinc.

Question 24

The risk of developing a problem with alcohol is higher in those ________.

A)with a biological parent with alcohol problems
B)who are women
C)who begin drinking heavily in middle-age
D)who are of Asian descent

Question 25

Which of the following is not a common nutritional concern in alcoholics?

A)vitamin B-12 deficiency
B)protein-energy malnutrition
C)vitamin A toxicity
D)iron deficiency

Question 26

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by ________.

A)decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver
B)abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen
C)poor nutritional status
D)All of these answers are correct

Question 27

Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as ________.

A)up to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men
B)up to 7 drinks per week for women and 14 drinks per week for men
C)up to 2 drinks per day for women and 3 drinks per day for men
D)less than 1 drink per day for women and men

Question 28

The population group with the highest rate of alcohol consumption is ________.

A)elderly adults
B)teenagers
C)college students
D)middle-aged adults

Question 29

Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels.

Question 30

Medications used to treat alcohol dependence act on ________.

A)the brain to reduce alcohol cravings
B)the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol
C)the stomach to prevent alcohol absorption
D)both the brain to reduce alcohol cravings and the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol

Question 31

Alcoholism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)cirrhosis of the liver
B)jaundice
C)type I diabetes
D)alcoholic hepatitis

Question 32

The recommendation for alcohol consumption during pregnancy is ________.

A)no alcohol at all
B)limit to one drink per week
C)to follow current guidelines for moderate drinking
D)to avoid binge drinking

Question 33

An early sign of alcohol-induced liver damage is ________.

A)liver cirrhosis
B)ascites
C)jaundice
D)steatosis

Question 34

Guidelines for safe drinking recommend that women should have no more than 2-3 drinks per day.

Question 35

Alcoholics often have trouble with night blindness.This results from ________.

A)impaired absorption of several B-vitamins
B)fluid accumulation in the eye
C)damage to brain cells
D)impaired absorption and transport of vitamin A

Question 36

Binge drinking on college campuses is associated with ________.

A)academic problems
B)auto accidents
C)sexual abuse
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 37

Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption include lower rates of ________.

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)many types of cancer
C)cardiovascular disease
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 38

Alcohol requires no digestion.

Question 39

Detrimental effects of excessive alcohol consumption include higher rates of ________.

A)high blood pressure and stroke
B)cancers of the mouth and throat
C)liver disease and liver failure
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 40

When the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity, blood alcohol levels increase and symptoms of intoxication develop.

Question 41

Binge drinking is associated with vandalism and suicide.

Question 42

Describe the health consequences to the fetus of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 43

Describe 3 methods used to treat alcoholism.

Question 44

Define what is meant by light drinker, moderate drinker, and heavy drinker for an average man and for an average woman.

Question 45

List 3 signs of alcohol dependency.

Question 46

What are 4 symptoms that might indicate that someone has a problem with alcohol?

Question 47

Compared to men, women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.

Question 48

List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.

Question 49

An 80-proof vodka or gin is 80% alcohol.

Question 50

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate.

Question 51

Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men, respectively.

Question 52

How does alcohol abuse impair nutritional status?

Question 53

Extremely high blood alcohol levels can lead to respiratory failure.

Question 54

Signs of alcohol poisoning include hypoglycemia and severe dehydration.

Question 55

Compared with men, women produce more alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach.

Question 56

The small intestine is the primary site for alcohol metabolism.

Question 57

List 3 reasons why women are less tolerant of alcohol than men.

Question 58

Describe 3 of the factors that increase the risk of developing alcohol dependency or alcohol abuse.

Question 59

List 3 of the leading causes of death in North America that are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol.

Question 60

Because alcohol cannot be stored in the body, it has priority in metabolism over other energy sources.

Question 61

How does the body metabolize low to moderate amounts of alcohol?