Deck 16: General Equilibrium

Question 1

If the two goods in an Edgeworth Box are perfect complements for one person and perfect substitutes for the other, then all efficient allocations are such that the first person has the same amount of good 1 as of good 2.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the Edgeworth Box, we can set one price to 1 and only need to solve for the other price because only relative prices matter for individual choice when income is drawn from endowments.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If the production technology in a Robinson Crusoe economy has increasing returns to scale, there is not competitive equilibrium.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is true within exchange economies:

A)All efficient allocations lie in the set of core allocations.
B)All core allocations are efficient.
C)The set of efficient allocations can be defined without knowing individual endowments.
D)(a) and (b) are true.
E)(a) and (c) are true.
F)(b) and (c) are true.
G)All of the above are true.
H)None of the above are true.

Question 5

The second welfare theorem says that, regardless of how we redistribute endowments in an economy, we still get the same competitive equilibrium if markets are permitted to operate.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about exchange economies?

A)All core allocations are efficient.
B)In 2-person exchange economies, the core is equal to the set of efficient allocations that is also mutually beneficial relative to initial endowments.
C)In n-person exchange economies (with n>2), the core is smaller than the set of efficient allocations that is also mutually beneficial relative to initial endowments.
D)(a) and (b) are true.
E)(a) and (c) are true.
F)(b) and (c) are true.
G)All of the above are true.
H)None of the above are true.

Question 7

Any efficient allocation has to be such that everyone would agree to switch to that allocation from the endowment allocation -- or at least no one would object to such a switch.

Question 8

The First Welfare Theorem holds that the allocation of goods resulting from competitive prices is "efficient," which is the equivalent of "equitable."

Question 9

A proof by contradiction can only be used to disprove a statement but not to prove a statement to be correct.

Question 10

If the endowment allocation in an Edgeworth Box is efficient, then this allocation is also the competitive equilibrium allocation.

Question 11

If the two individuals' indifference curves through their endowment bundles are tangent to one another at the endowment bundle (in the Edgeworth Box), then the endowment bundle is a competitive equilibrium allocation.

Question 12

If the production technology in a Robinson Crusoe economy has increasing returns to scale, there is no production/consumption plan that is efficient.

Question 13

If the two goods in an Edgeworth Box are perfect complements for both people, all efficient allocations will have each person getting the same amount of good 1 as of good 2.

Question 14

Any allocation resulting from a mutually beneficial trade is efficient.

Question 15

Comment on the following: "The problem with models like the Edgeworth Box and the Robinson Crusoe economy is that it is silly to assume competitive behavior when there are so few individuals in the market."

Question 16

If all goods are essential for everyone, efficiency requires that everyone get at least some of each good.

Question 17

A "pure exchange economy" is one in which producers and consumers are evenly divided.

Question 18

If the two goods in an Edgeworth Box are perfect complements for one person -- and if the other person has the typical tastes that satisfy our usual assumptions (without being extreme in any way), any efficient allocation will be such that the first person has equal amounts of good 1 and good 2.

Question 19

In and Edgeworth Box economy, no one strictly prefers the endowment allocation to the competitive equilibrium allocation.

Question 20

If good 1 is essential for one person but not for the other, the first person will end up with all of good 1 in a competitive equilibrium within the Edgeworth Box.

Question 21

Suppose we live in an exchange economy with two goods.Together, we own 300 of good 1 and 300 of good 2.My tastes are captured by the utility function and yours are captured by the utility function .
a.Calculate the portion of the contract curve that lies in the interior of the Edgeworth Box.
b.Can you make intuitive sense of your answer?

Question 22

Consider an Edgeworth Box economy with two individuals and two goods and suppose that the tastes of both individuals are quasilinear in good 1.
a.Suppose initially that individual 1 has relatively little endowment of both good but the competitive equilibrium allocation has him consuming some of each.Illustrate such a competitive equilibrium.
b.Now suppose the government is able to redistribute the endowment in this economy (prior to any trade occurring).In order to achieve a more equitable outcome, the government redistributes some of good 1 from individual 2 to individual 1.Show such a redistribution in your Edgeworth Box.
c.Assume that both individuals continue to consume at an interior solution in the new equilibrium.How will the two individuals' consumption of good 1 change from what it would have been without the redistribution?
d.Would your answer to (c) differ in any way if the government had instead redistributed good 2 from individual 2 to individual 1?
e.How would a sufficiently large redistribution alter your answer?

Question 23

Suppose we live in a 2-good Edgeworth Box economy and both of us have tastes that are quasilinear in good 1.
a.Illustrate one efficient allocation in the Edgeworth Box.
b.Where do the other efficient allocations that lie in the interior of the Edgeworth Box lie?
c.It is typically the case that the contract curve goes from one corner of the Edgeworth Box to the other.Is that the case here as well?

Question 24

Suppose we live in an exchange economy with two goods.I own 50 of both goods, and you own 250 of both goods.My tastes are captured by the utility function and yours are captured by the utility function .
a.Calculate the competitive equilibrium price.
b.How much do each of us consume of good 1 in equilibrium?
c.Suppose the government transfers 100 units of your good 1 endowment to me.How is your answer to (a) and (b) affected?
d.Suppose the government instead transfers 100 units of good 2 from you to me.How is your answer to (a) and (b) affected?
e.Do you think your answers to (c) and (d) generally hold for most types of tastes -- or do you think they arise because of some specific feature of these tastes?

Question 25

Comment on the following: "The second welfare theorem says that we can get any efficient allocation to be an equilibrium allocation.If endowments are inequitably distributed in an economy, we can therefore redistribute among people and still get an efficient outcome.As a result, there is no policy trade-off between equity and efficiency."