Deck 30: The Crisis of Authority Key

Question 1

In 1973,American Indian activists occupied the old Indian battle site of

A) Horseshoe Bend.
B) Sand Creek.
C) Fallen Timbers.
D) Little Bighorn.
E) Wounded Knee.

Answer 1

Wounded Knee.

Question 2

Sandra Day O'Connor,the first female Supreme Court justice,was named to the court by

A) George W. Bush.
B) Jimmy Carter.
C) George H. W. Bush.
D) Bill Clinton.
E) Ronald Reagan.

Answer 2

Ronald Reagan.

Question 3

In the 1960s,the youth counterculture

A) attempted to differentiate itself from the stereotype of the "hippie."
B) sought to overthrow the U.S. government through an armed revolution.
C) was really little more than a change in clothing styles.
D) rejected the complaints of the "beats" of the 1950s.
E) was openly scornful of the values and conventions of American middle-class society.

Answer 3

was openly scornful of the values and conventions of American middle-class society.

Question 4

In the 1950s,the federal "termination" policy as applied to Native Americans sought to

A) withdraw all official recognition of the tribes as legal entities.
B) keep American Indians largely confined to rural areas.
C) enforce the tribal reservation system.
D) restore tribal autonomy.
E) break up militant tribes.

Question 5

Early during the feminist movement,the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on

A) abortion rights.
B) changing the traditional concepts of women in the home.
C) passing the Equal Rights Amendment.
D) helping poor and minority women.
E) addressing the needs of women in the workplace.

Question 6

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A) made no mention of gender discrimination in its final form.
B) resulted in the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women.
C) was amended for the benefit of women.
D) gave women equal pay for equal work.
E) led to the creation of the National Organization of Women.

Question 7

In the 1960s,the aspect of popular culture most strongly embraced by the counterculture was

A) literature.
B) music.
C) sports.
D) television.
E) movies.

Question 8

All of the following statements regarding Latinos in the United States are true EXCEPT that

A) Puerto Rican migrants established a large community in New York City.
B) large numbers of Central American immigrants arrived in the U.S. in the 1980s.
C) Cuban immigrants in the 1980s were more well-to-do than their counterparts in the 1960s.
D) by the late 1960s, Mexican Americans were one of the largest population groups in the West.
E) by 1960, Los Angeles had a bigger Mexican population than any place except Mexico City.

Question 9

In the late 1960s and early 1970s all of the following occurred due to American Indian activism,EXCEPT

A) Congress granting "independent nation" status to Indian reservations within the United States.
B) Indians fighting for old treaty fishing rights in Washington State.
C) Indians occupying Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay.
D) Congress passing an Indian Civil Rights Act.
E) the appointment of a Mohawk-Sioux as Nixon's commissioner of Indian affairs.

Question 10

Founded in 1968,the American Indian Movement (AIM)

A) drew all of its support from tribal reservations.
B) vehemently opposed the idea of intertribal action.
C) disbanded after the passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act.
D) emphasized assimilation into larger American society.
E) focused on militant action.

Question 11

Students for a Democratic Society was formed

A) to protest the Vietnam War.
B) by a group of students primarily from the University of Michigan.
C) as a branch of the Democratic Party.
D) to support civil rights efforts in the South.
E) in reaction to the Kennedy assassination.

Question 12

The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose called for

A) a complete separation from the society of the United States.
B) "affirmative action" for Native Americans.
C) the right of Indians to choose their own way of life.
D) the removal of whites from Indian reservations.
E) a reassessment of current assimilation practices.

Question 13

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is associated with the civil rights movement for

A) homosexuals.
B) Native Americans.
C) Hispanic Americans.
D) African Americans.
E) women.

Question 14

By the early twenty-first century,gay men and lesbians in the United States

A) saw some openly gay politicians win election to public office.
B) were experiencing a powerful backlash from within American society.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) achieved many of the same milestones that other minority groups had attained in earlier decades.
E) were making slow, halting progress in achieving laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual preference.

Question 15

The 1969 Woodstock music festival was

A) formed to help heal the cultural divisions within American society.
B) designed to make amends for the events of Altamont four months earlier.
C) organized as a rally in protest to the Vietnam War.
D) a powerful symbol of the ideals of the counterculture philosophy.
E) held to establish cooperatives based on the principles of communal living.

Question 16

Throughout the late 1960s,

A) deferments for the military draft increased.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.
D) no American refused induction; instead, thousands fled to Canada and Sweden.
E) both deferments for the military draft increased, and opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.

Question 17

In the 1960s,the radical group known as "Weathermen"

A) expressed their ideas in a manifesto known as the Port Huron Statement.
B) targeted SDS meetings as sites of un-American activity.
C) were involved in college bombings that claimed several lives.
D) seized administration offices at Columbia University.
E) reflected the attitudes of a majority of college students at major universities.

Question 18

In 1964,a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over

A) the military draft.
B) the rights of students to engage in free speech.
C) corporate influence on the university's military research projects.
D) the cost of tuition and student housing.
E) the question of graduate student unionization.

Question 19

Between 1960 and 1970,the Latino population of the United States

A) doubled.
B) rose by 50 percent.
C) rose by 25 percent.
D) sextupled.
E) tripled.

Question 20

Betty Friedan's 1963 book,The Feminine Mystique,

A) detailed the many problems confronting single mothers.
B) described why women had found success and satisfaction in postwar America.
C) gave a voice to a reemerging women's rights movement.
D) argued against women placing children before their careers.
E) encouraged women to remain single in order to maintain their independence.

Question 21

The Supreme Court decision in Roe v.Wade (1973)

A) enabled women to obtain an abortion during any point of a pregnancy.
B) made abortion legal for the first time in the history of the United States.
C) was based on a new legal interpretation of privacy rights.
D) invalidated all laws prohibiting abortion during the second trimester.
E) initially applied only to pregnancies resulting from rape or abuse.

Question 22

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty negotiated between the U.S.and the Soviet Union

A) both called for the suspension of all new nuclear weapons systems, and froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels.
B) called for the suspension of all new nuclear weapons systems.
C) froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles on both sides at their current levels.
D) was signed by all of the world's nuclear powers.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 23

The so-called Pentagon Papers

A) revealed the government had misled the public regarding the progress of the war.
B) indicated President Nixon had used the IRS to harass leaders of the antiwar movement.
C) revealed that the government had tried to cover up American involvement in the My Lai massacre.
D) showed that American operatives in Vietnam had carried out political assassinations.
E) were suppressed by the Nixon administration until after the Vietnam War.

Question 24

"Earth Day" in 1970 was

A) an example of the popularization of environmentalism.
B) characterized by protests and confrontations between opposing sides.
C) an effort to protect the environment from commercial development.
D) only celebrated by members of the radical counterculture.
E) organized by American manufacturers of garden supplies.

Question 25

In April 1970,the antiwar movement was recharged by

A) the shooting deaths of students at Kent State.
B) the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.
C) the publication of the Pentagon Papers.
D) revelations regarding the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
E) the newspaper publication of the My Lai massacre.

Question 26

By the end of their first year in office,Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to

A) All these answers are correct.
B) "surge" 30,000 additional ground combat forces in the Mekong Delta.
C) install a pro-American regime under General Lon Diem.
D) destroy military bases in Cambodia and Laos.
E) have the Congress repeal the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Question 27

The Environmental Protection Agency was created in ________ when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law.

A)1974; Gerald Ford
B)1963; John F.Kennedy
C)1970; Richard Nixon
D)1977; Jimmy Carter
E)1966; Lyndon Johnson

Question 28

After the 1972 election,President Richard Nixon,to prompt a peace settlement with North Vietnam,

A) evacuated the American embassy in Saigon.
B) broke off diplomatic negotiations with North Vietnam.
C) withdrew American forces as North Vietnamese troops left from the South.
D) allowed the opening of North Vietnamese harbors.
E) ordered an increase in the aerial bombing of North Vietnam.

Question 29

In 1969,President Richard Nixon believed an American withdrawal from Vietnam would

A) silence his critics.
B) harm America's "credibility."
C) allow the nation to have "peace with honor."
D) enhance his public standing in the United States and the world.
E) force North Vietnam to live up to its promises regarding South Vietnam.

Question 30

President Richard Nixon believed U.S.foreign policy should work toward

A) improving governments in less-developed nations.
B) a bipolar world dominated by the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
C) a multipolar international structure.
D) destruction of the government in the Soviet Union.
E) encouraging Europe to take up its own defense against the Soviet Union.

Question 31

In 1972,the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam

A) later drew an apology from President Richard Nixon.
B) saw the United States suffer, by far, its greatest loss of bombers in the war.
C) avoided Hanoi for the sake of continuing peace talks.
D) dramatically altered the terms of the final peace agreement.
E) resulted in a collapse of the peace talks.

Question 32

Ecology rests primarily on the assumption that nature should be preserved

A) because humans need a spiritual connection with the natural world.
B) because American democracy flourishes when the land is plentiful and healthy.
C) because it was divinely created.
D) because humans need to maintain the interrelated balance of life.
E) for its beauty.

Question 33

Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on problems concerning

A) nuclear energy.
B) the destruction of forests.
C) global warming.
D) pesticides.
E) pollution in the oceans.

Question 34

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

A) expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina.
B) declare an immediate end to the conflict.
C) have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.
D) expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam.
E) concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF.

Question 35

As a result of the Vietnam War,

A) All these answers are correct.
B) Laos fell to the murderous communists of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge.
C) more than 1.2 million Vietnamese soldiers died.
D) the United States suffered more than 500,000 killed and wounded.
E) Vietnam became one of the world's richest nations.

Question 36

In 1972,Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand"

A) after the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons against North Vietnam.
B) right before American troops embarked on the Easter offensive.
C) right before the American presidential election.
D) after a failed North Vietnamese offensive.
E) before the final American ground troops were pulled out of Vietnam.

Question 37

In the 1970s,the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be

A) China.
B) the Middle East.
C) Eastern Europe.
D) the so-called Third World.
E) sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 38

President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972

A) aroused deep animosity from the majority of Chinese communists.
B) was designed to bring the United States closer to Chiang Kai-shek.
C) came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations.
D) was opposed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
E) moved the United States into a deeper conflict with the Soviet Union.

Question 39

In 1972,the Equal Rights Amendment

A) had been promoted since the 1920s by some feminists.
B) was strongly opposed by some women.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) seemed almost certain to be ratified.
E) was passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification.

Question 40

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

A) attracted little public attention in the wake of the Cambodian invasion and the Pentagon Papers.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) was not learned about until years after the war had ended.
D) did not result in any convictions of Americans who took part.
E) was not learned about until years after the war had ended, and did not result in any convictions of Americans who took part.

Question 41

In 1971,President Richard Nixon responded to mounting economic problems by

A) expanding the money supply.
B) sharply reducing the rate of inflation.
C) imposing a ninety-day freeze on all wages and prices.
D) lowering corporate taxes to spur investment.
E) lowering interest rates to spur consumption.

Question 42

The "Saturday night massacre" refers to an event that included

A) the confessions of the Watergate burglars.
B) the departure of Spiro Agnew.
C) the resignation of two key Nixon administration officials.
D) the testimony of James McCord and John Dean.
E) the decision by the Supreme Court that forced Nixon to hand over incriminating audio recordings.

Question 43

,the Supreme Court

A) ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.
B) limited the appeals process for state convictions.
C) sharply limited government curbs on pornography.
D) ruled that all felony defendants were entitled to a lawyer, regardless of their ability to pay.
E) established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.

Question 44

In 1972,two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to

A) both the Committee for the Re-Election of the President, and a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
B) a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
C) a former employee of the Nixon White House.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) the Committee for the Reelection of the President.

Question 45

,the Supreme Court

A) required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights.
B) did all of these: ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police; required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights; and established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
E) ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.

Question 46

The Watergate scandal began in 1972 with a break-in at the

A) office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist.
B) House of Representatives.
C) Washington Post newspaper building.
D) offices of the Democratic National Committee.
E) headquarters of the George McGovern campaign.

Question 47

,the Supreme Court

A) ruled that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.
B) declared that the application procedure for federal jobs must be open to the public.
C) sharply limited government curbs on pornography.
D) ruled that forced busing to integrate public schools was constitutional.
E) ruled that prayers in public schools were unconstitutional.

Question 48

As part of his domestic agenda,President Richard Nixon

A) dismantled many Great Society programs.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity.
D) tried to overhaul the nation's welfare system by creating a guaranteed annual income.
E) tried to end the forced busing of students to desegregate schools.

Question 49

President Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court

A)both included the first nomination of a female justice,and were twice rejected by the Senate.
B)included the first nomination of a female justice.
C)were twice rejected by the Senate.
D)culminated in the successful appointment of G.Harrold Carswell to the Court.
E)All these answers are correct

Question 50

President Richard Nixon's proposed Family Assistance Plan included

A) a maximum six-year participation in the federal welfare system.
B) free medical care to all Americans over the age of seventy.
C) federal support for parental leave following the birth of a child.
D) a program to replace Social Security with private retirement vouchers.
E) a guaranteed annual income for all Americans.

Question 51

After President Richard Nixon had appointed four new justices,the Supreme Court

A) became decidedly more conservative in its rulings.
B) more closely reflected the president's own political beliefs.
C) actually increased its commitment to social reform.
D) attempted to overturn the Warren Court decision in Roe v. Wade.
E) became decidedly less active.

Question 52

According to policies that came to be called the Nixon Doctrine,the United States would

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) both assist in the development of friendly nations, and assume a basic responsibility for the future of friendly nations.
C) increase Third World contributions to shake up the status quo.
D) assume a basic responsibility for the future of friendly nations.
E) assist in the development of friendly nations.

Question 53

In early 1973,allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by White House counsel

A) John Ehrlichman.
B) H. R. Haldeman.
C) John Mitchell.
D) Spiro Agnew.
E) John Dean.

Question 54

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was

A) Nixon's personal diaries.
B) journals kept by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
C) eyewitness testimony from Nixon confidants in the White House.
D) phone records kept by Nixon's personal secretary.
E) audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.

Question 55

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v.Georgia (1972)

A)was upheld in the case of Gregg v.Georgia (1976).
B)ruled that execution by hanging was unconstitutional.
C)redefined the appeals process in death penalty convictions.
D)overturned existing capital punishment statutes.
E)favored the use of forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools.

Question 56

In the Supreme Court case of Milliken v.Bradley (1974),the Court

A)struck down a plan to transfer students across municipal lines to achieve racial balance.
B)handed down a decision that delighted both liberals and conservatives.
C)upheld the principle of affirmative action.
D)eliminated all restrictions on performing abortions.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 57

In the 1972 presidential election,

A) Richard Nixon won over 60 percent of the popular vote.
B) Richard Nixon won a narrow victory in the Electoral College.
C) George Wallace only carried California and the District of Columbia.
D) Richard Nixon won a narrow victory in the Electoral College and won over 60 percent of the popular vote.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 58

In 1973,the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

A) raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
B) both refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel, and raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel.
E) helped to precipitate a fuel shortage in the United States.

Question 59

In Bakke v.Board of Regents of California (1978),the Supreme Court

A)argued that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.
B)stopped a plan to transfer students across district lines to achieve racial integration.
C)limited the ability of defendants to appeal state convictions.
D)ruled in favor of using forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools.
E)upheld the principle of affirmative action,with restrictions.

Question 60

In 1973,Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned because

A) of his involvement in the Watergate break-in.
B) of his refusal to testify against Richard Nixon.
C) of his involvement in the Watergate cover-up.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) evidence surfaced that he had accepted bribes.

Question 61

ruled that Nixon must

A) resign.
B) turn over audio tape recordings from the Oval Office to the special prosecutor.
C) be impeached.
D) be held in contempt of court.
E) no longer tape conversations in the Oval Office.

Question 62

By the early 1970s,a significant change was visible in the tone and direction of the women's movement.New books by younger feminists expressed a milder critique of American society than Friedan had offered.

Question 63

An important and controversial aspect of the counterculture was its more permissive view of sex and drugs.

Question 64

In 1974,Richard Nixon left the presidency

A) when he was convicted of obstructing justice.
B) through resignation.
C) by official arrest.
D) through impeachment.
E) when he lost a special election by huge margins.

Question 65

Betty Friedan's book,The Feminine Mystique,concerned the difficulties facing poor and working-class women.

Question 66

Throughout the Vietnam War,deferments from the military draft were increasingly easy to obtain for those in college.

Question 67

Weeks after Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" in the Vietnam War,President Nixon ordered the heaviest air raids of the entire war on North Vietnam.

Question 68

During the Nixon administration,relations with communist China were greatly improved.

Question 69

When it was founded,the National Organization of Women was concerned primarily with the rights of women in marriage and in the home.

Question 70

The Free Speech Movement was born on a college campus.

Question 71

The federal government's "termination" policy toward Native Americans contributed to a generation of Indian militancy.

Question 72

Shortly after the last Americans had left South Vietnam,Cambodia came under the control of a brutal and repressive government.

Question 73

Aldo Leopold's sensational 1962 book,Silent Spring,helped introduce the new science of ecology.

Question 74

The AIDS epidemic weakened the gay rights movement in the early 1980s.

Question 75

In order to avoid losing public support,President Nixon informed the American people of his decision to begin bombing Cambodia before he did so.

Question 76

The tragedies of Kent State and Jackson State occurred during protests over the American expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia by the Nixon administration.

Question 77

The 1973 Yom Kippur War saw the United States pressure Israel to accept a cease-fire rather than push for more territory.

Question 78

The Nixon administration abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity and created the Environmental Protection Agency.

Question 79

When the Supreme Court handed down the Roe v.Wade decision,abortion became legal for the first time in American history.

Question 80

The so-called Pentagon Papers revealed the government had misled the public in explaining its motives for American involvement in Vietnam.