Deck 25: The Global Crisis, 1921-1941 Key

Question 1

In 1929,a fascist-led government was in power in

A) France.
B) Germany.
C) Italy.
D) Spain.
E) Japan.

Answer 1

Italy.

Question 2

President Franklin Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor Policy"

A) limited land purchases by U.S. companies in neighboring countries.
B) was abandoned by the United States at the start of World War II.
C) expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover.
D) gave nations allied against fascism preferential loan rates.
E) was designed to keep the peace in western Europe.

Answer 2

expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover.

Question 3

In what became known as the 1933 "bombshell" message,Franklin Roosevelt declared that

A) further Japanese aggression against China would be met with force.
B) America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.
C) America would no longer recognize fascist governments.
D) all foreign war debts would be forgiven.
E) the Monroe Doctrine was now null and void.

Answer 3

America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.

Question 4

The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928

A) was an alliance between France and the United States against Germany.
B) stated that an attack on one nation was an attack on all nations.
C) was an alliance between France and the United States against Japan.
D) was signed with wide international acclaim.
E) was to be enforced with multinational trade embargoes.

Question 5

In 1934,U.S.Soviet relations soured in part because the United States demonstrated little interest in stopping the expansion of

A) China.
B) Italy.
C) Japan.
D) Germany.
E) Great Britain.

Question 6

All of the following nations were signatories to the Five-Power Pact of 1922 EXCEPT

A) Russia.
B) Italy.
C) Japan.
D) Britain.
E) France.

Question 7

The Dawes Plan of 1924

A) was designed to help England and France make their debt payments to the United States.
B) called for the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments.
C) called for both the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments, and Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments.
D) called for Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany is FALSE?

A) Hitler argued in favor of extending German territory for the purpose of Lebensraum.
B) His rise was partially precipitated by ruinous inflation.
C) Hitler believed in the genetic superiority of the Aryan people.
D) Hitler displayed a pathological anti-Semitism and a passionate militarism.
E) Upon coming to power in 1933, Hitler called his new government "the Weimar Republic."

Question 9

The secretary of state of the Harding administration was

A) Cordell Hull.
B) Henry Stimson.
C) Charles Evans Hughes.
D) Henry Cabot Lodge.
E) Charles Dawes.

Question 10

The Washington Conference of 1921

A) saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it.
B) ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States.
C) attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.
D) attempted to create a world court.
E) sought to expand the global markets of the United States.

Question 11

During the Harding administration,the United States

A) eventually joined the League of Nations.
B) threatened to blockade Japan if it did not stop its military aggression.
C) proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan.
D) forgave the international debts of the former European allies.
E) largely retired from international diplomacy.

Question 12

During the 1920s and 1930s,interest in pursuing an isolationist foreign policy

A) seemed to grow in the U.S. as it became apparent that Italy would invade Ethiopia.
B) declined after the investigations chaired by Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota.
C) was strongly supported by President Franklin Roosevelt.
D) led the U.S. Senate to assert that no single nation was a threat to world peace.
E) led the United States to give up its membership in the World Court.

Question 13

The Five-Power Pact of 1922 dealt with

A) Japanese aggression toward China.
B) naval armament limitations.
C) the League of Nations.
D) restructuring Germany's war debt.
E) the civil war in Russia.

Question 14

In 1932,the Hoover administration,in response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria,

A) issued warnings to the Japanese government.
B) called for Japanese recognition of the Open Door policy.
C) sent financial aid to Chiang Kai-shek's government in China.
D) sent Americans to Manchuria to train Chinese pilots.
E) imposed economic sanctions against Japan.

Question 15

President Franklin Roosevelt's sharpest foreign policy break with Herbert Hoover concerned economic relations with

A) Asia.
B) Russia.
C) Latin America.
D) Europe.
E) Mexico.

Question 16

In his foreign policy for Latin America,President Herbert Hoover

A) declared America would henceforth only recognize democratically-elected regimes.
B) repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
C) repeatedly ordered troops into various Central American nations.
D) canceled Latin American war debts owed to the United States.
E) closely followed the policies of the two previous administrations.

Question 17

As part of his foreign policy,President Herbert Hoover moved to withdraw American troops from

A) Cuba.
B) Venezuela.
C) Mexico.
D) Haiti.
E) Colombia.

Question 18

The Neutrality Act of 1935

A) was passed by Congress with recent acts of Nazi aggression in mind.
B) included a mandatory arms embargo of both sides during any military conflict.
C) did not prevent the United States from intervening when Italy invaded Ethiopia.
D) sought to protect America's international trade agreements.
E) prevented Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations.

Question 19

In the 1930s,President Franklin Roosevelt carried out international policies that

A) kept the United States on the gold standard.
B) further soured relations with Latin America.
C) allowed American banks to make loans to nations in default to the United States.
D) established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
E) preserved the circular loan system of the Dawes Plan.

Question 20

The Neutrality Act of 1937

A) allowed warring nations to purchase nonmilitary goods in the United States if they paid cash.
B) banned the sale of all goods from the United States to any nation at war.
C) loosened the trade policy for England, while tightening it for Germany and Japan.
D) stripped the president of many of his powers as commander in chief.
E) exempted Asian nations from the provisions of the 1935 Neutrality Act.

Question 21

In July 1940,opinion polls showed the clear majority of the American public

A) thought the United States should immediately declare war on Germany.
B) believed Japan was a greater threat to the United States than the war in Europe.
C) believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States.
D) were strongly against any involvement by the United States in the war.
E) believed it would be a waste to aid England, as that nation would soon fall to Germany.

Question 22

The Tripartite Pact was a defensive alliance among

A) England, France, and Italy.
B) Japan, Germany, and Austria.
C) the United States, England, and France.
D) the United States, England, and Russia.
E) Japan, Germany, and Italy.

Question 23

In response to the breakout of the civil war in Spain,the U.S.government joined with Britain and France in an agreement to

A) offer help to whichever side would repudiate any diplomatic contact with Hitler's regime.
B) use the conflict as a means of establishing military positions in Spain.
C) support Franco's regime.
D) offer no help to either side.
E) support the republican side.

Question 24

The Burke-Wadsworth Act of 1940

A) approved the first peacetime draft in American history.
B) repealed the 1935 and 1937 Neutrality Acts.
C) approved sending U.S. weapons to England.
D) reaffirmed the desires of isolationists to stay out of the war.
E) saw the United States end all trade with any nation allied with Nazi Germany.

Question 25

In the election of 1940,Franklin Roosevelt

A)both selected Henry A.Wallace as his new running mate,and won a closely contested Electoral College victory for his third term.
B)won a closely contested Electoral College victory for his third term.
C)None of these answers is correct.
D)selected Henry A.Wallace as his new running mate.
E)removed Harry Truman from the ticket at the request of conservatives.

Question 26

The America First Committee

A) tried and failed to enlist the support of Charles Lindbergh.
B) called for increased U.S. assistance to England without any actual intervention.
C) was a powerful lobby against U.S. involvement in the war.
D) was strongly opposed by both major political parties.
E) was made up largely of Democrats who favored diplomacy to end the war.

Question 27

The American ambassador to London who insisted in 1940 that the British plight was already hopeless was

A) Wendell Willkie.
B) Neville Chamberlain.
C) Gerald Nye.
D) Joseph P. Kennedy.
E) Burton Wheeler.

Question 28

By September 1941,

A) Germany had agreed with Japan to fight against the United States.
B) the United States extended lend-lease privileges to the Soviet Union.
C) Germany claimed it had no interest in engaging America in war.
D) the German navy had begun to sink American destroyers, including the Reuben James.
E) President Roosevelt made a secret agreement to send American troops to England.

Question 29

Germany began World War II in Europe by invading Poland shortly after

A) Germany and Austria were unified.
B) Germany's occupation of additional areas of Czechoslovakia.
C) Hitler's violation of the Munich agreement.
D) France promised Poland it would provide military support if attacked.
E) a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia.

Question 30

In 1938,Anschluss

A) caused an uproar in the United States.
B) was created at the Munich Conference.
C) came to be identified with Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.
D) led France to put its military on alert.
E) was proclaimed by Hitler.

Question 31

The Munich agreement of 1938

A) was signed by Joseph Stalin despite misgivings about German intent.
B) ended further German aggression until World War II began.
C) was supported by President Franklin Roosevelt.
D) put most of Poland under German control.
E) was the result of negotiations involving the League of Nations.

Question 32

)In 1941,the Atlantic Charter

A)was signed in Washington,D.C.
B)was completed by senior military officials in the United States and England.
C)saw the United States and England claim to share common principles.
D)gave American merchant ships the authority to fire on German submarines.
E)saw President Roosevelt agree to an eventual invasion of Europe to drive out the Nazis.

Question 33

Following the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) ordered a "preparedness" campaign much like Woodrow Wilson had in 1916.
B) sent American military advisers to England.
C) was unsure whether a majority of Americans supported Germany.
D) declared the United States would remain neutral.
E) declared the United States would be the "arsenal of democracy."

Question 34

In 1937,President Franklin Roosevelt's "quarantine" speech

A) was given in response to the Japanese sinking of the Panay.
B) warned Japan it faced a U.S. embargo if it continued to be aggressive.
C) received a decidedly hostile response by the American people.
D) saw Roosevelt challenge England and France to limit the aggression of Germany.
E) saw the president call for further isolation from the nation's enemies.

Question 35

By the middle of 1940,Germany had defeated

A) All these answers are correct.
B) the Netherlands.
C) Norway.
D) Denmark.
E) France.

Question 36

In 1941,prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,

A) Japanese troops attacked the Philippines.
B) President Franklin Roosevelt ordered Japan's diplomats to leave Washington.
C) the Japanese developed a new, unbreakable communication code.
D) President Franklin Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the United States.
E) Japan tried to repair relations with the United States in order to restore their flow of supplies.

Question 37

The German sinking of the American ship Reuben James

A) essentially triggered an American naval war against Germany.
B) led Congress to approve American ships sailing into belligerent ports.
C) led Congress to approve both the arming of American merchant ships and the sailing of American ships into belligerent ports.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) led Congress to approve the arming of American merchant ships.

Question 38

The "lend-lease" plan

A) saw England allow the construction of American military bases in British territory.
B) allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England, to be returned when the war was over.
C) saw England agree to allow jobless Americans to enlist in the British military.
D) was extremely controversial and barely passed the Senate.
E) saw the U.S. lend funds to the Allies so they could lease war supplies from the U.S.

Question 39

President Franklin Roosevelt's decision in 1940 to give fifty American destroyers to England

A) circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) both circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts and was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London.
D) was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London.
E) was canceled by Congress.

Question 40

The Munich Conference of 1938 was precipitated by a crisis over

A) Belgium.
B) Poland.
C) Austria.
D) Czechoslovakia.
E) Hungary.

Question 41

During the 1920s,U.S.banks and corporations were becoming deeply embedded in the daily economic life of Europe.

Question 42

In 1941,Germany's declaration of war against the United States

A) did not occur until two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
B) occurred before the United States declared war on Germany.
C) was never reciprocated by Congress.
D) came the same day that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
E) occurred after the United States declared war on Germany.

Question 43

The "Good Neighbor Policy" of the Roosevelt administration expanded on earlier changes in foreign policy made by the Hoover administration.

Question 44

By 1940 the American ambassador to Great Britain,Joseph P.Kennedy,thought that the British cause was hopeless.

Question 45

The United States failed to join the League of Nations.

Question 46

President Roosevelt's decision to give American destroyers to Great Britain was consistent with the "cash-and-carry" provisions of the Neutrality Acts.

Question 47

President Roosevelt's August 1941 meeting with Winston Churchill off the coast of Newfoundland led to a private commitment to use the American military in the war against Hitler.

Question 48

The Neutrality Acts of the mid-1930s established the U.S.right to use military action to defend any violation of its neutrality.

Question 49

Under the Dawes Plan,the United States lent money to European countries to repay war debts owed to the United States.

Question 50

During the 1920s,the United States played a more active role in global politics than it ever had in its history.

Question 51

Which of the following statements regarding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is FALSE?

A) The State Department assumed the Japanese would not attack American territory.
B) More than 2,400 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack.
C) Few American authorities believed Japan was capable of an attack on Pearl Harbor.
D) The American aircraft carriers escaped the attack.
E) The Japanese suffered light losses in the attack.

Question 52

On foreign policy matters,President Roosevelt and his Republican challenger,Wendell Willkie,were essentially in agreement.

Question 53

The Kellogg-Briand Pact declared war illegal.

Question 54

Like Woodrow Wilson before him,President Roosevelt asked the American people to be neutral in thought when war erupted in Europe in 1939.

Question 55

President Hoover upheld the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 56

President Franklin Roosevelt made his "quarantine" speech in an effort to block Hitler's takeover of Austria.

Question 57

By the time President Roosevelt ran for a third term,a significant majority of the American people believed that Nazi Germany posed a direct military threat to the United States.

Question 58

President Roosevelt's first response to the war in Europe was to request that Congress extend a "lend-lease" plan to the Allies.

Question 59

Lend-lease to Great Britain led directly to an American decision to escort convoys of goods across parts of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 60

The Hoover administration imposed economic sanctions against Japan for its takeover of Manchuria in the early 1930s.

Question 61

Explain the evolution of American diplomacy toward Japan between 1921 and 1941.

Question 62

Describe American foreign policy objectives with Europe during the 1920s.

Question 63

Prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,the United States knew that a Japanese attack was imminent,but it did not know where the attack would take place.

Question 64

What steps were taken during the 1930s to reinforce the American retreat from Europe? What steps did the Roosevelt administration take to lead the United States away from isolationism?

Question 65

The Roosevelt administration refused to issue economic sanctions against Japan prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Question 66

In December of 1941,Germany declared war on the United States before the United States declared war on Germany.

Question 67

Why did the events surrounding World War I encourage the growth of isolationism in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s?

Question 68

What were the weaknesses of U.S.foreign policy during the 1920s?

Question 69

During the 1920s,what were the primary objectives of U.S.foreign policy? How did the United States go about achieving these objectives?

Question 70

How were the activities of other nations affected by American isolationism in the 1930s?

Question 71

In what ways did the Hoover administration continue past foreign policy? In what way did it break from the past?

Question 72

How might the Roosevelt administration be labeled isolationist? How and why might it be labeled internationalist?

Question 73

Were American isolationists in the 1920s and 1930s a recent phenomenon,or did their thinking fit into traditional American ideas regarding foreign policy? Justify your response.

Question 74

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Hoover administration's foreign policy?

Question 75

Was war between the United States and Japan inevitable? Could it have been avoided?