Deck 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America Key

Question 1

In colonial New England Puritan communities,the family was

A) neither highly valued nor expected to be under the authority of women.
B) both highly valued and expected to be under the authority of women.
C) highly valued.
D) marked by relatively loose parental supervision.
E) expected to be under the authority of women.

Answer 1

highly valued.

Question 2

Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake,New England women

A) lost their husbands earlier in life.
B) were more likely to become widows.
C) were more likely to have their family remain intact.
D) had fewer children.
E) had much less legal authority in their marriages.

Answer 2

were more likely to have their family remain intact.

Question 3

In colonial New England Puritan communities,women

A) were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households.
B) were not highly valued.
C) were more likely to become pregnant before marriage than in the South.
D) were considered to be socially equal to males.
E) could not be official members of the church.

Answer 3

were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households.

Question 4

In the seventeenth century,white women in the colonial Chesapeake

A) bore an average of four children apiece.
B) generally married later than in England.
C) averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage.
D) generally had a longer life expectancy than their husbands.
E) rarely engaged in premarital sex.

Question 5

In colonial New England,

A) strict parental control made premarital sexual relations almost nonexistent.
B) dowries were a common feature of marriage.
C) gender equality was reinforced by the prevailing culture.
D) choosing a spouse independent of a parent's wishes was common.
E) widows tended not to remarry.

Question 6

The seventeenth-century medical practice of deliberately bleeding a person was based on

A) Calvinist religious doctrine.
B) scientific experimentation and observation.
C) evidence that it helped in the recovery from illness.
D) practices acquired from Indians.
E) the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids.

Question 7

The total number of Africans forcibly brought to all of the Americas as slaves is estimated to have been as many as

A) 7 million.
B) 4 million.
C) 11 million.
D) 19 million.
E) 26 million.

Question 8

By 1700,English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery in part because

A) landowners in the southern colonies became less capable of paying indentured servant wages.
B) of worsening economic conditions in England.
C) colonial parliaments passed laws improving the status of indentured servants.
D) the English government had come to discourage the practice of indenture.
E) of a declining birthrate in England.

Question 9

Most seventeenth-century English immigrants to the North American colonies were

A) commercial agents.
B) landowners.
C) laborers.
D) aristocrats.
E) religious dissenters.

Question 10

By 1775,the non-Indian population of the English colonies was just over

A) 2 million.
B) 4 million.
C) 1 million.
D) 6 million.
E) 8 million.

Question 11

In English North American colonies,the application of slave codes was based on color and

A) origin of birth.
B) religion.
C) nothing more.
D) economic status.
E) laboring skills.

Question 12

In the seventeenth century,the great majority of English immigrants who came to the Chesapeake region were

A) women.
B) religious dissenters.
C) convicts.
D) indentured servants.
E) slaves.

Question 13

During the seventeenth century,English colonists in the Chesapeake saw

A) women significantly outnumber men.
B) an increasingly unbalanced sex ratio.
C) eight out of ten children dying in infancy.
D) few single adults.
E) a life expectancy for men of just over forty years.

Question 14

Which statement regarding slavery in English North America in 1700 is FALSE?

A) The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them.
B) Blacks outnumbered whites in some areas.
C) Blacks were heavily concentrated in a few southern colonies.
D) There were twice as many black men as black women.
E) There were about 25,000 slaves in the colonies.

Question 15

The term middle passage refers to the movement of enslaved Africans

A) from the coastal regions of colonies to their interiors.
B) from Africa to Europe.
C) between individual North American colonies.
D) from Africa to the New World.
E) from the Caribbean to the mainland colonies.

Question 16

Regarding colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century,

A) life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high.
B) backcountry settlers had a similar life expectancy to that of settlers in coastal areas.
C) life expectancy was highest in the southern colonies.
D) one in two white children in the Chesapeake died in infancy.
E) men had a shorter life expectancy than women.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of the English indenture system?

A) The presence of indentured servants was a source of social unrest.
B) Most indentured servants received land upon completion of their contracts.
C) Female indentured servants constituted one-fourth of the total arrivals.
D) Female indentured servants were typically not allowed to marry while under contract.
E) Contracts for indenture generally lasted four to five years.

Question 18

In comparing the colonial societies of Spanish America and English America,people of mixed races had a

A) higher status than pure Africans in Spanish America.
B) lower status than pure Africans in Spanish America.
C) higher status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America.
D) higher status than pure Africans in English America.
E) lower status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America.

Question 19

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,medical practitioners

A) became increasingly professionalized.
B) grew to understand the link between bacteria and infection.
C) had little or no knowledge of sterilization.
D) rejected purging and bleeding as medical techniques.
E) were nearly all males.

Question 20

During the seventeenth century,the Royal African Company of England

A) lowered the prices of slaves in order to increase their sale in the North American colonies.
B) sent the majority of its enslaved Africans directly to the Chesapeake colonies.
C) deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies.
D) would only ship adult African men in the slave trade.
E) stopped importing slaves directly from Africa.

Question 21

The largest contingent of immigrants during the colonial period were the

A) Palatinate Germans.
B) Irish Catholics.
C) Moravians and Mennonites.
D) Scotch-Irish.
E) French Huguenots.

Question 22

Which statement about the economy of the northern colonies is true?

A) Conditions for farming were more favorable than in the southern colonies.
B) The economy was more diverse than in the southern colonies.
C) New England was able to develop several major export crops.
D) Agriculture was not the dominant industry of the economy.
E) Planters were more likely to rely on slave labor.

Question 23

Which statement regarding the lives of slaves in colonial North America is true?

A) Slaves hardly ever resisted their masters.
B) Whites rarely intruded upon the conventions of black society.
C) Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own society or culture.
D) Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folk tradition.
E) Most slaves worked as house servants.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE?

A) Skilled slaves were at times hired out to other planters.
B) Field hand was the predominant occupation of both male and female slaves.
C) Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts.
D) A few slaves were able to buy their freedom.
E) Some slaves on larger plantations learned trades and crafts.

Question 25

Rice production in colonial America

A) represented a new crop to most Africans.
B) was found mostly in the Chesapeake colonies.
C) relied largely on free white labor.
D) mostly occurred in inland regions.
E) was very difficult and unhealthy work.

Question 26

The first significant metals industry in the colonies was developed for

A) silver.
B) steel.
C) iron.
D) gold.
E) brass.

Question 27

The "triangular trade" in the Atlantic dealt with which commodity?

A) molasses
B) slaves
C) rum
D) All these answers are correct.
E) sugar

Question 28

The seventeenth-century tobacco economy of the Chesapeake region

A) went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles.
B) often saw production not meet demand.
C) saw prices rise steadily throughout the period.
D) saw planters cut back on production as a way of raising prices.
E) was concentrated on many small farms with few slaves.

Question 29

In the North American colonies,mulatto children were

A) freed at birth.
B) rarely recognized by their white fathers.
C) rejected by the rest of the slave community.
D) rarely produced.
E) regarded as white by the white society.

Question 30

The Stono Rebellion

A) saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony.
B) led to the death of dozens of white Virginian colonists.
C) led to the banning of the slave trade in Maryland.
D) prompted Georgia to strengthen its laws on slavery.
E) led planters to resume hiring indentured servants for their labor needs.

Question 31

Commerce in early colonial America relied in large part on

A) silver.
B) gold.
C) paper currency.
D) barter.
E) credit.

Question 32

A common form of resistance of enslaved Africans to their condition was

A) running away.
B) destruction of crops.
C) seizing weapons and forming an uprising.
D) arson.
E) poisoning food.

Question 33

Primogeniture refers to the

A) practice of granting land only to those assured of salvation.
B) tending of a servant's indenture.
C) arrangement of authority within New England assemblies.
D) right to vote.
E) passing of property to the firstborn son.

Question 34

By the mid-eighteenth century,a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence,in part because of

A) the development of a substantial colonial manufacturing industry.
B) illegal colonial trade in markets outside of the British Empire.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) the abolishment of the British Navigation Acts.
E) new access by non-British ships to the colonial carrying trade.

Question 35

Seventeenth-century southern plantations

A) created few new wealthy landowners.
B) enabled planters to control their markets.
C) tended to be rough and relatively small.
D) rarely required the landowner do any manual labor.
E) used many more slaves than indentured servants.

Question 36

During the eighteenth century,rising consumerism in the American colonies was encouraged by

A) the rising ideal of equality of condition among colonists.
B) the quickly rising purchasing power of members of the lower classes.
C) increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with status in the upper class.
D) the rising ideal of equality of condition among colonists and the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement.
E) the association of material possessions with loyalty to the crown.

Question 37

The proportion of all blacks in the colonies living on a plantation of at least ten slaves was over

A) three-fourths.
B) one-fourth.
C) nine-tenths.
D) one-half.
E) one-third.

Question 38

Industrialization in colonial America was hampered by

A) a small domestic market.
B) an inadequate labor supply.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) an inadequate transportation network.
E) English parliamentary regulations.

Question 39

The first plantations in colonial North America emerged in the tobacco-growing areas of

A) North Carolina and South Carolina.
B) Virginia and Maryland.
C) Delaware and Pennsylvania.
D) New York and New Jersey.
E) Georgia and South Carolina.

Question 40

In Puritan New England,full membership in town governance was limited to

A) "selectmen."
B) adult males who were church members.
C) all church members.
D) land-owning males.
E) all land-owning adults.

Question 41

Class divisions in colonial North American cities were

A) sharper than in corresponding European cities.
B) smoothed over by church and social registers.
C) more real and visible than in rural places.
D) weaker in the North than in the South.
E) essentially nonexistent.

Question 42

All of the following Americans made important contributions to Enlightenment thought EXCEPT

A) Thomas Paine.
B) James Madison.
C) John Locke.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
E) Benjamin Franklin.

Question 43

In the eighteenth century,religious toleration in the American colonies

A) flourished due to the diversity of practices brought by settlers.
B) grew despite laws establishing the Church of England as the official colonial religion.
C) was enhanced because no single religious code could be imposed on any large area.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) was unmatched in any European nation.

Question 44

Which statement regarding colonial higher education is true?

A) Colonists placed a low value on any formal education.
B) Most colleges were founded by religious groups.
C) Parliament regulated the establishment of American colleges.
D) Most colonial leaders after 1700 went abroad to study.
E) Most colonial colleges accepted female students.

Question 45

In the outbreaks of witchcraft hysteria that marked New England colonial life,those accused were most commonly

A) women of low social position.
B) not members of the church.
C) criminals.
D) indentured servants.
E) Indians or slaves.

Question 46

The Church of England was the official faith of

A) New Jersey.
B) Massachusetts.
C) Connecticut.
D) Virginia.
E) all of the colonies.

Question 47

Over time,tensions in Puritan New England communities developed,primarily as a result of

A) calls for gender equality.
B) population growth and calls for gender equality.
C) population growth and the commercialization of society.
D) religious dissent.
E) the practices of land inheritance.

Question 48

In the English colonies,Roman Catholics

A) were officially illegal.
B) were generally well treated.
C) suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland.
D) made up a large minority population of most colonies.
E) suffered their greatest persecution in the Carolinas.

Question 49

Jeremiads were

A) witchcraft.
B) sermons.
C) community experiments.
D) town meetings.
E) a measurement of wealth.

Question 50

By 1776,what proportion of white males were literate in colonial America?

A) more than half
B) less than a quarter
C) just less than half
D) almost all
E) about a third

Question 51

The witchcraft trials in Salem

A) almost resulted in the revocation of Massachusetts's charter.
B) provided evidence of a decline in religious fervor.
C) led to prison terms, but no executions.
D) saw the original accusers recant their charges.
E) were unique in the history of colonial New England.

Question 52

In the 1760s,the revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because

A) the majority of the population lived in urban areas.
B) cities were the centers of intellectual information.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) city inhabitants tended to be rowdier than their rural counterparts.
E) rural populations had few grievances with the crown.

Question 53

Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought

A) rejected most religious thought.
B) challenged concepts such as "natural laws."
C) suggested that people had considerable control over their own lives.
D) had little influence on American intellectual thought.
E) emphasized the importance of religious faith.

Question 54

In the English colonies,Jews

A) could not practice their religion openly anywhere.
B) did not live in most of the colonies.
C) could not vote or hold office.
D) had their largest community in Rhode Island.
E) enjoyed considerable toleration.

Question 55

George Whitefield is associated with the

A) growth of American Catholicism.
B) Enlightenment.
C) founding of the American Baptist Church.
D) Quakers.
E) Great Awakening.

Question 56

By the 1770s,the two largest port cities in colonial North America were

A) Boston and Newport.
B) New York and Boston.
C) Philadelphia and New York.
D) Philadelphia and Charleston.
E) Boston and Charleston.

Question 57

As a leading figure of the Great Awakening,Jonathan Edwards preached

A) that the ideas of predestination were outmoded for the times.
B) the possibility of easy salvation.
C) salvation through good works.
D) that women should join the ministry.
E) highly orthodox Puritan ideas.

Question 58

In the mid-1600s,New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of

A) freedom.
B) tolerance.
C) piety.
D) community.
E) family.

Question 59

After the Bible,the first widely circulated publications in colonial America were

A) drinking songs.
B) almanacs.
C) historical writings.
D) political pamphlets.
E) hymnals.

Question 60

The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s

A) began as a call for young men to become ministers.
B) had particular appeal with women and young men.
C) failed to take root in southern colonies.
D) helped to smooth differences within existing congregations.
E) alienated traditional New England Puritans.

Question 61

Most indentured servants came to the colonies voluntarily.

Question 62

The Salem girls who accused people of being witches never recanted their stories.

Question 63

By the late seventeenth century,European and African immigrants outnumbered natives along the Atlantic coast.

Question 64

Skin color was the only factor in determining whether a person was subject to slave codes.

Question 65

Seventeenth-century colonial plantations were actually relatively small estates.

Question 66

Colonial agriculture in the northern colonies was more diversified than in the southern colonies.

Question 67

The first American college was

A) Yale.
B) Harvard.
C) Princeton.
D) William and Mary.
E) Columbia.

Question 68

English America recognized no distinctions between pure Africans and people of mixed race.

Question 69

In the seventeenth century,most blacks who came to the English colonies in North America came directly from Africa.

Question 70

Most indentured servants were forbidden to marry until their terms of service were over.

Question 71

The first large group of non-English European immigrants to British North America was the Huguenots.

Question 72

Medical evidence suggests that bleeding a patient could assist in recovery from an illness.

Question 73

Religious toleration was more pronounced in America than anywhere in Europe.

Question 74

Indentured servitude developed out of practices in England.

Question 75

The British Navigation Acts were designed to protect England from foreign competition in the colonies.

Question 76

Parliament passed the Iron Act in 1750 to encourage colonial production of this metal.

Question 77

The case of John Peter Zenger saw the courts rule that criticisms of the government were not libelous if actually true.

Question 78

In the early seventeenth century,the legal status of slaves was ambiguous and fluid.

Question 79

The verdict of the 1734-1735 libel trial of New York publisher John Peter Zenger

A) banned all printed attacks on the king or Parliament in the colonies.
B) ruled that criticisms by the press, even if factually accurate, were libelous.
C) resulted in the closure of several colonial newspapers.
D) increased freedom of the press in the colonies.
E) restricted the ability of the press to report on government affairs.

Question 80

Fewer than five percent of African slaves imported to the Americas arrived first in the English colonies.