Deck 13: Genes and Life

Question 1

Small changes in ________ protein structure may lead to big changes in _______ protein structures.

A)secondary;tertiary
B)primary;secondary
C)primary;tertiary
D)tertiary;secondary

Answer 1

primary;tertiary

Question 2

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

A)overall shape or conformation of the molecule.
B)conformation of amino acids in a segment of polypeptide.
C)identity and sequence of amino acids present.
D)association of one protein chain with another.

Answer 2

overall shape or conformation of the molecule.

Question 3

The secondary structure of a protein is the

A)overall shape or conformation of the molecule.
B)conformation of amino acids in a segment of polypeptide.
C)identity and sequence of amino acids present.
D)association of one protein chain with another.

Answer 3

conformation of amino acids in a segment of polypeptide.

Question 4

Identify the base sequence that is complementary to the following DNA sequence. TTAAGGCC

A)AATTCCGG
B)GGCCAATT
C)AATTGGCC
D)TTAACCGG

Question 5

If the adenine (A) content of DNA is 33 percent,what is its guanine (G) content?

A)33 percent
B)17 percent
C)50 percent
D)22 percent

Question 6

What forces hold the two strands of DNA together?

A)Covalent bonds
B)Ionic bonds
C)Salt bridges
D)Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

DNA has four different nitrogen-containing bases.Which of the following are other structural characteristics of DNA? I.The bases are attached to the phosphate groups
II)The bases are attached to the sugar molecule,deoxyribose
III)The bases A and T are complementary,and C and G are complementary
IV)The bases A and C are complementary,and T and G are complementary

A)I and III
B)II and III
C)I and IV
D)II and IV

Question 8

Deoxyribose is the ________ in DNA.

A)ribonucleotide
B)deoxyribonucleotide
C)sugar
D)phosphate

Question 9

The level of protein structure directly determined by the sequence of nucleotides on DNA is

A)primary.
B)secondary.
C)tertiary.
D)double helix.

Question 10

A protein is a linear polymer composed of

A)sugar-amino acid-sugar-amino acid.
B)base-sugar-base-sugar.
C)amino acid-amino acid.
D)lipid-base-lipid-base.

Question 11

Sickle cell anemia I.is caused by mutation in the human gene that codes for a protein expressed in the red blood cells.
II)is a genetic disease,inheritable from one's parents.
III)can cause red blood cells to become sickle shaped.
IV)can clog organs,reducing their blood supplies.

A)I and II only
B)I and III only
C)I,II,and III only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 12

The level of protein structure that involves hydrogen bonding between the atoms of the polypeptide backbone is

A)primary.
B)secondary.
C)tertiary.
D)double helix.

Question 13

The backbone structure of DNA is

A)sugar-base-sugar-base.
B)base-phosphate-base-phosphate.
C)base-base-base-base.
D)sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate.

Question 14

If the thymine (T) content of DNA is 29 percent,what is the content of guanine (G)?

A)21 percent
B)29 percent
C)58 percent
D)71 percent

Question 15

A codon is three

A)bases in DNA.
B)amino acids in a polypeptide.
C)chemical units in a nucleotide.
D)sugar in a polysaccharide.

Question 16

How many DNA bases in any one gene must be changed for a mutation to have a serious effect?

A)One
B)Two
C)Five
D)At least 100

Question 17

Identify the nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the following DNA sequence TACGGCTTAAG

A)TAGCCTTAAC
B)ATGGGGAATTC
C)TTCDDGTTTTC
D)ATGCCGAATTC

Question 18

The level of protein structure that involves interactions among amino acid side chains is

A)primary.
B)secondary.
C)tertiary.
D)double helix.

Question 19

The primary structure of a protein is the

A)overall shape or conformation of the molecule.
B)conformation of amino acids in a segment of polypeptide.
C)identity and sequence of amino acids present.
D)association of one protein chain with another.

Question 20

X-ray diffraction is a method for

A)determining the position of atoms in a crystal.
B)sequencing the primary structure of polymers.
C)inserting modified DNA into a cell.
D)dividing the DNA molecule into pieces for analysis.

Question 21

A ____________ contains all of the ____________ necessary to run a cell and/or organism.

A)genome;genes
B)enzyme;active sites
C)codon;amino acids
D)protein;codons

Question 22

Protein enzymes act as

A)active sites.
B)catalysts.
C)substrates.
D)cells.

Question 23

The DNA materials contained in a(n) _________codes for the production of a protein.

A)nucleotide
B)enzyme
C)codon
D)gene

Question 24

What functional groups are present in all amino acids?

A)Alkyl group and carboxylic acid
B)Alkyl group and amino group
C)Alcohol and carboxylic acid
D)Alcohol and amino group

Question 25

Which is/are concerns about genetically modified food crops? I.GM plants will spread into the wild
II)GM crops threaten the natural balance
III)Use of genetically engineered crops will force pests to evolve
IV)GM crops may stop producing food because of damage to their genes

A)I and II only
B)I and IV only
C)I,II,and III only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 26

A nucleotide consists of which of the following? I.bases
II)complimentary base pairs
III)deoxyribose molecule
IV)phosphates

A)I and III
B)II,III,and IV
C)I,III,and IV
D)II and IV

Question 27

DNA has a backbone that consists of alternating

A)base pairs.
B)sugars and proteins.
C)phosphates and sugars.
D)proteins and bases.

Question 28

Human insulin protein I.is helpful in the treatment of diabetes in humans.
II)controls the levels of glucose in the blood.
III)can be produced in the bacterium,

A)I and II only
B)II and III only
C)I and III only
D)I,II,and III
E)coli

Question 29

Plasmids are

A)linear pieces of DNA.
B)linear pieces of RNA.
C)circular pieces of DNA.
D)circular pieces of RNA.

Question 30

The nitrogen-containing bases in DNA are attached by covalent bonds to a

A)sugar.
B)complementary base.
C)protein.
D)phosphate.

Question 31

The distance between base pairs in DNA is 0.34 nm.How many base pairs are there in a chromosome that is 12.0 cm long? (Note: 10⁹ nm = 1 m)

A)2.8 * 10⁷
B)3.5 * 10¹⁰
C)3.5 * 10⁸
D)3.5 * 10⁹

Question 32

Chose the analogy below that best matches. nucleotide : DNA

A)Protein : enzyme
B)Amino acid : protein
C)Codon : amino acid
D)Ribose : deoxyribose

Question 33

Today,human insulin for treating diabetes is generated by

A)corn plants.
B)a strain of yeast.
C)a strain of bacteria.
D)lab mice.

Question 34

DNA must uncoil before replication.

Question 35

A catalytic effect or acceleration of a reaction can occur in the ________ of an enzyme.

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)substrates
D)active site

Question 36

The identity and sequence of the amino acids present in a protein is its

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.

Question 37

Only three of the statements below about the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA are true.Select the false statement.

A)All bases are able to make hydrogen bonds
B)All bases have two rings in their structure
C)Only some bases have oxygens
D)Four types of bases are used in DNA

Question 38

Insulin derived from animals was used to treat diabetes cases until genetic modification techniques arose in the late 1970s.Which of the following was a drawback of nonhuman insulin?

A)Impurities in the insulin led to allergic reactions in some human patients
B)Animal-derived insulin carried other diseases
C)Animal insulin was expensive to obtain
D)Small chemical differences between animal and human insulin led to allergic reactions in some human patients

Question 39

What are the three types of units that must be present in a deoxyribonucleotide used in forming DNA?
I.base
II.deoxyribose
III.ribose
IV.phosphate
V.water

A)I,II,and V
B)I,II,and IV
C)I,III,and V
D)I,III,and IV

Question 40

Only three of the statements below about the chemical components of DNA and RNA are true.Select the false statement.

A)Phosphate groups will be negatively charged at pH 7
B)Polymerization of DNA nucleotides releases water
C)Only one type of sugar is used to make DNA
D)The double helix is stabilized by covalent bonds between the strands

Question 41

Genetic engineering has been used in Hawaii to protect the papaya crops by

A)making the papaya poisonous to invading insects.
B)introducing a new strain of papaya that is resistant to fungus growth.
C)incorporating DNA from the virus to help the plants resist this disease.
D)incorporating DNA that made the fruit more resistant to rotting after harvest.

Question 42

Side chains of amino acids

A)can be polar or nonpolar.
B)always contain nitrogen.
C)react together in condensation polymerization.
D)interact in secondary,but not tertiary structure.

Question 43

Genes can be transferred between organisms because

A)all organisms produce the same enzymes.
B)adding one gene to an organism will not change the chemistry of a cell.
C)all organisms have the same cellular structure.
D)codons correspond to the same amino acids in all organisms.

Question 44

Plants are easier to genetically engineer than bacteria due to their simpler cellular structure.

Question 45

Genetic engineered enzymes can make chemical synthesis greener.Which of the following is not an advantage of enzyme-based reactions?

A)Enzymes are reusable
B)Enzymes are carbon neutral
C)Enzymes can be designed to handle specific reactions
D)Enzymes require fewer toxic chemicals than traditional catalysts

Question 46

Yellow rice is genetically engineered to

A)improve drought resistance.
B)produce beta carotene (Vitamin A).
C)develop stronger roots.
D)produce Vitamin

Question 47

Select the true statement below.

A)In the United States,genetically engineered crops are still rare
B)Plants are only genetically engineered to resist viruses or insects
C)Insects can evolve resistance to GM varieties in lab environments
D)Farmers typically save GM crop seeds to replant annually

Question 48

Which of the following is a true difference between domestic breeding and genetic engineering of plants?

A)Domestic breeding does not cause visible changes in the plant
B)Domestic breeding does not cause changes to the DNA
C)Domestic breeding cannot mix genes between different organisms
D)Domestic breeding will not produce a plant that requires tending by a human