Deck 12: Religion and Politics

Question 1

Which of the following were considered problems of the original "F-scale",which were later corrected by Altemeyer (1981)in the development of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale?
1)The items of the F-scale assessed several characteristics that were not really related to authoritarianism,such as cynicism,superstition,and projection
2)The items of the F-scale tended to elicit the same responses from everyone,so there was very little variation in scale scores
3)The items of the F-scale were all keyed in the same direction,which meant that scale scores were influenced by acquiescent responding
4)The items of the F-scale were written in such complicated language that most respondents couldn't understand them.

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)1 and 4
D)2 and 3
E)2 and 4

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the extent of assortative mating for religiosity,as expressed in terms of correlations between husbands' and wives' levels of religious belief and practice?

A)About -.30 (some negative assortative mating)
B)About .00 (no assortative mating)
C)About .15 (weak assortative mating)
D)About .40 (moderate assortative mating)
E)About .75 (strong assortative mating)

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Recall the review by Zuckerman et al. (2013)of studies examining religiousness and IQ.According to their findings,how do the average IQ scores of religious believers and nonbelievers compare?

A)Believers average about two standard deviation units higher than nonbelievers.
B)Believers average about half a standard deviation unit higher than nonbelievers.
C)Average levels are about the same for believers and nonbelievers.
D)Nonbelievers average about half a standard deviation unit higher than believers.
E)Nonbelievers average about two standard deviation units higher than believers.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following describes the relations of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)with ethnocentric attitudes?

A)Neither RWA nor SDO is substantially correlated with ethnocentrism.
B)Only RWA is substantially correlated with ethnocentrism.
C)Only SDO is substantially correlated with ethnocentrism.
D)Depending on the country,either RWA or SDO can be substantially correlated with ethnocentrism,but never both.
E)Both RWA and SDO are substantially correlated with ethnocentrism.

Question 5

Recall that Altemeyer and Hunsberger (1997)compared two groups of people: Those who were nonreligious despite having been raised in a very religious household (i.e. ,the "Amazing Apostates"),and those who were very religious despite having been raised in a nonreligious househould (i.e. ,the "Amazing Believers").Which of the following statements is an accurate description of their results?

A)Most Amazing Apostates had been rather mediocre students in school.
B)Most Amazing Apostates still accepted the accuracy and consistency of religious teachings,but were just no longer interested in religion.
C)Most Amazing Believers had become religious on the basis of reason and reflection rather than passion and emotion.
D)Most Amazing Believers had become religious following a period of crisis in their lives.
E)None of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following results did Altemeyer et al. (1988,1996)observe in his studies of stability and change in levels of Right-Wing Authoritarisnism (RWA)?
1)The average level of RWA tended to decrease during the college-age years
2)Among people in their early 30s,those who were parents tended to be higher in RWA than were those who were not parents
3)There was only a very small correlation between individuals' RWA levels in their late teens (i.e. ,beginning of college)and early 30s.

A)1 only
B)1 and 2 only
C)1 and 3 only
D)2 and 3 only
E)1,2,and 3

Question 7

Based on the two-dimensional system of social values as identified by Schwartz,which of the following pairs consists of two values that are nearly opposite to each other?

A)Self-direction and Hedonism
B)Universalism and Power
C)Achievement and Hedonism
D)Security and Power
E)Benevolence and Conformity

Question 8

Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of investigations of the genetic and environmental influences on religiosity and political attitudes?

A)Genetic influences are weaker in adulthood than in adolescence,but common environment influences are stronger in adulthood than in adolescence.
B)Genetic influences are stronger in adulthood than in adolescence,but common environment influences are weaker in adulthood than in adolescence.
C)Both genetic and common environment influences are stronger in adulthood than in adolescence.
D)Both genetic and common environment influences are about equally strong in adulthood as in adolescence.
E)Both genetic and common environment influences are weaker in adulthood than in adolescence.

Question 9

Which of the following political attitudes would be least likely to be correlated with Social Dominance Orientation?

A)Support for cuts to government social programs for the poor.
B)Opposition to programs assisting members of racial minority groups.
C)Support for stricter regulation of alcohol and tobacco products.
D)Support for increased military spending.
E)Opposition to laws protecting the environment.

Question 10

Which of the following is generally NOT found to show a (modest)positive association with religiosity?

A)Longevity
B)Life satisfaction
C)Law abidingness
D)Number of children
E)None of the above;all of these show some positive correlation with religiosity

Question 11

Suppose that a person has very low levels of both Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation.Which of the following is most likely to describe his or her personality accurately,with reference to the HEXACO personality factors?

A)Low Conscientiousness and high Agreeableness
B)Low Agreeableness and high Extraversion
C)High Emotionality and high Honesty-Humility
D)High Openness to Experience and high Honesty-Humility
E)High Openness to Experience and low Emotionality.

Question 12

Which of the following summarizes the relations between the personality factor of Openness to Experience and different aspects of religiosity?

A)Openness to Experience is positively correlated with religious fundamentalism,and negatively correlated with spirituality.
B)Openness to Experience is negatively correlated with religious fundamentalism,and positively correlated with spirituality.
C)Openness to Experience is positively correlated with intrinsic religiosity,and negatively correlated with extrinsic religiosity.
D)Openness to Experience is negatively correlated with intrinsic religiosity,and positively correlated with extrinsic religiosity.
E)None of the above;Openness to Experience is essentially uncorrelated with all aspects of religiosity.

Question 13

Recall that Saroglou (2011)described four basic components of religion.Which of the following is NOT among those four?

A)Begetting (having children who will be raised in the traditions of the faith)
B)Believing (accepting the existence of supernatural entities)
C)Bonding (uniting with something greater than oneself)
D)Behaving (following a "way of life" and system of rules)
E)Belonging (gaining a sense of identity by being part of a community of believers)

Question 14

Recall that McCullough et al. (2003,2005)examined stability and change in religiosity across the life span.Which of the following statements about the results can be considered accurate?
1)The average level of religiosity showed a strong,steady increase across the life span
2)People who were raised in more-religious households tended to be more religious in adulthood than were people who were raised in less-religious households
3)People who were religious as young adults (compared with persons of the same age)tended to be religious in old age (compared with persons of the same age).

A)1 only
B)1 and 2 only
C)1 and 3 only
D)2 and 3 only
E)1,2,and 3