Deck 1: Introduction to Criminology

Question 1

The term criminal justice often refers to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)corrections
B)investigations
C)police
D)courts

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The following definition of criminology was developed by ______: The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon,which includes the process of making laws,of breaking laws,and of reacting toward the breaking of laws.

A)Hirschi
B)Gottfredson
C)Durkheim
D)Sutherland

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Prostitution is illegal in most jurisdictions in the United States.However,prostitution is legal,and licensed,in most counties of Nevada.This would be considered ______.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)illegal
D)civil wrongs

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A ______ of crime views the formal system of laws,as well as the enforcement of those laws,as incorporating societal norms for which there is a broad normative consensus.

A)conflict perspective
B)symbolic interactionism
C)consensus perspective
D)none of these

Question 5

______________ are also designated as appeals courts.They are limited in their jurisdiction decisions on matters of appeal from lower courts and trial courts. 

A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Courts of appellate jurisdiction
D)The Supreme Court

Question 6

Crimes that are considered "an act which is not inherently immoral,but becomes so because its commission is expressly forbidden by positive law" are called ______.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)illegal
D)civil wrongs

Question 7

The term criminology was first coined by ______.

A)Raffaele Garafalo
B)Paul Topinard
C)Edwin Sutherland
D)Joanne Belknap

Question 8

______ are also designated as lower courts and they do not have power that extends to the overall administration of justice;thus,they do not try felony cases and do not have appellate authority. 

A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Courts of appellate jurisdiction
D)The Supreme Court

Question 9

In 2002,President George W.Bush created the ______ in an effort to protect and defend the United States from terrorist threats.

A)Drug Enforcement Administration
B)Department of Homeland Security
C)Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)U.S.Secret Service

Question 10

The general purpose of the criminal justice system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)control crime
B)prevent crime
C)community support
D)provide and maintain justice

Question 11

Crimes that are considered "an act inherently and essentially evil,that is immoral in its nature and injurious in its consequence,without any regard to the fact of its being noticed or punished by the law of the state" are called ______.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)illegal
D)civil wrongs

Question 12

______ are not necessarily against the law but are considered atypical and may be deemed immoral rather than illegal.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)deviant acts
D)civil wrongs

Question 13

The federal court system is a three-tiered model including all of the following EXCEPT:

A)U.S.claims court
B)U.S.Supreme Court
C)U.S.district courts
D)U.S.courts of appeals

Question 14

The ______ maintains that there is conflict between various societal groups with different interests,and it is often resolved when the group in power achieves control. 

A)conflict perspective
B)symbolic interactionism
C)consensus perspective
D)none of these

Question 15

According to conflict perspective,conflict is often resolved when the group in power achieves ______.

A)control
B)rank
C)order
D)status

Question 16

The structure of the criminal justice system is often presented as:

A)police and corrections
B)police and courts
C)police,courts,and corrections
D)police,victims,and courts

Question 17

The primary objective of processing juveniles was to determine ______.

A)guilt
B)innocence
C)what was in the best interest of the child
D)if their parents had any responsibility

Question 18

______ are also designated as major trial courts.They have the power and authority to try and decide any case,including appeals from a lower court. 

A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Courts of appellate jurisdiction
D)The Supreme Court

Question 19

______ is generally reserved for those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences who may be housed in a supermax,maximum,medium,or minimum security prison,based on security concerns.

A)Jail
B)Probation
C)Parole
D)Prison

Question 20

______ often refers to the various criminal justice agencies and institutions (e.g. ,police,courts,and corrections)that are interrelated and work together toward common goals.

A)Victimology
B)Restorative justice
C)Criminal Justice
D)None of these

Question 21

The question "Why are some behaviors defined as criminal while others are not?" is considered part of the conflict perspective.

Question 22

According to the text,journalists play a key role in examining crime by exploring what is happening in criminal justice and revealing injustices as well as new forms of crime.

Question 23

______ is a relatively new area of criminology.

A)Policing
B)Victimology
C)Research methods
D)None of these

Question 24

While most mala in se activities are also considered highly deviant,this is not necessarily the case for mala prohibita acts.

Question 25

Criminology is not only the study of crime,but also what?

Question 26

An offender can be placed on probation,incarcerated,or transferred to some type of community-based corrections facility.

Question 27

Several criminologists,such as Richard Quinney,William Chambliss,and Austin Turk,maintained that criminological theory has placed too much emphasis on explaining criminal behavior;rather,theory needs to shift this focus toward explaining criminal law.

Question 28

Some acts can move from being deemed deviant to being declared illegal,such as using a cell phone while driving or smoking cigarettes in public.

Question 29

Give an example of a mala in se act and a mala prohibita act.

Question 30

Every court,not including the U.S.Supreme Court,is limited in terms of jurisdiction.

Question 31

There can be general and specific conditions of probation that an offender must comply with as the designated punishment.

Question 32

Criminology is the scientific study of crime.

Question 33

Law enforcement includes various organizational levels at the federal,state,and local levels.

Question 34

______ is given by the state/government,and restitution is given by the offender (typically as part of the sentence given).

A)Compensation
B)Restorative justice
C)Victim impact statements
D)Restitution

Question 35

The United States has one judicial system.

Question 36

The main goals of the criminal justice system are to control crime,to prevent crime,and to provide and maintain justice.

Question 37

Joanne Belknap states she prefers to use the term crime processing,criminal processing,and criminal legal system,given that "the processing of victims and offenders [is] anything but 'just.'"

Question 38

Almost all federal agencies have some police power,with the exception of the Postal Service and the Forest Service.

Question 39

______ is a criterion of causality that requires a change in a predictor variable (X)to be consistently associated with some change in the explanatory variable (Y).

A)Causation
B)Spuriousness
C)Validity
D)Correlation

Question 40

There is one definition of what crime is,and it is the same in all countries.

Question 41

Why is the U.S.judicial system referred to as a dual court system?

Question 42

What is a judicial waiver?

Question 43

What are the two (2)models of state police departments?

Question 44

Explain what comparative criminology is and how it is used.

Question 45

Give one (1)example of a general condition that could be imposed upon an individual on probation.

Question 46

Give one (1)example of a specific condition that could be imposed upon an individual on probation.

Question 47

Explain the difference between consensus and conflict perspectives and how they relate to the formation of laws.How would each of these perspectives view the formation of a new law,such as a "no texting while driving" law?

Question 48

According to several criminologists,we should shift focus from explaining criminal behavior to explaining criminal law.Do you believe this to be true? Why or why not?

Question 49

How is the concept of parens patriae related to the juvenile justice system? Why do we,as a nation,treat juveniles differently then adults?

Question 50

Why is defining crime a difficult task? Give your definition of crime,and give two (2)examples to illustrate your definition.

Question 51

Explain how some mala prohibita acts are not necessarily viewed as highly deviant.

Question 52

Give an example of a deviant act that is not illegal.