Deck 6: Race and Racialization

Question 1

In April 2014, the Immigration Watch Canada organization distributed a flyer in Brampton, Ontario, targeting the Sikh community.The flyer was called "The Changing Face of Brampton." It featured two images: the top photo showed a group of predominately white people, and the bottom photo showed a group of Sikhs.Below the second photo was the tagline "Is this really what you want? Let's make immigration work for the interests of Canadians again." What is this flyer an example of?

A)xenophobia
B)shadeism
C)tokenism
D)hate crime

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A woman walks into the emergency room at the hospital and refuses to be helped by any doctor except one that is Caucasian.She begins to yell at the staff, "I want a white doctor, why can I not have a white doctor?" What form of racism is this an example of?

A)discursive
B)representational
C)interactional
D)representational

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Chapter 6's "In Their Shoes" feature relates a student's issues of identity as a person of mixed race.What does the author suggest about people of mixed race?

A)They usually have a crisis of identity.
B)They are usually classified as black.
C)They are usually classified as white.
D)They are usually pushed to identify themselves as one race.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The number of hate crimes varies from year to year in Canada, but the most common motivation for hate crimes in Canada remains consistent.What is this motivation?

A)religion
B)sexual orientation
C)mental or physical disability
D)race or ethnicity

Question 5

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is held each year on March 21.What does this date commemorate?

A)a new start coinciding with the first day of spring
B)the anniversary of the Canadian's government's official apology to Japanese Canadians for their internment during World War II and confiscation of their property
C)the anniversary of the 1989 massacre in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China
D)the anniversary of the 1960 Sharpeville massacre in South Africa

Question 6

Canada's Indigenous people have experienced years of historic disadvantage.This disadvantage was represented in treaty violations, colonialism, residential schools, and the apprehension and adoption of Indigenous children into non-Indigenous families.Which term best characterizes this historical disadvantage?

A)xenophobia
B)societal racism
C)individual racism
D)institutional racism

Question 7

Defence lawyers in Canadian hate crime cases often point to Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Section 2 of the Charter guarantees freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression.How has the Supreme Court of Canada ruled on this matter?

A)Freedom of speech can be limited by law to address the problem of hate speech.
B)Freedom of speech cannot be limited by law except in the most extreme circumstances.
C)Section 2 of the Charter nullifies Sections 318 and 319 of the Canadian Criminal Code.
D)Section 2 of the Charter prevents the conviction of persons charged with the wilful promotion of hatred.

Question 8

A young man vandalizes a local synagogue by spray painting swastikas on the outside of the building.What is this act an example of?

A)racial prejudice
B)systemic racism
C)hate crime
D)genocide

Question 9

In a job advertisement, XYZ Company asks candidates to submit a resumé before July 21.On July 19th, candidate M, who is black, arrives in person at XYZ to hand in her resumé and cover letter.The company representative appears shocked, tells M that the position is filled, and refuses to accept her resumé.The following day, using M's resumé and cover letter, M's white friend arrives in person at XYZ Company, hands in the resumé and cover letter, and is given a date for a job interview for the advertised position.What is this an example of?

A)racial prejudice
B)racial discrimination
C)racial harassment
D)racial profiling

Question 10

A local high school uses an Indigenous person's head as their logo and refers to their school teams as the Braves.What form of racism is this an example of?

A)ideological
B)discursive
C)interactional
D)representational

Question 11

Which researcher did NOT use racial and ethnic categories to suggest a hierarchy in abilities and attributes?

A)Samuel Morton
B)Peter Sandiford
C)Phillippe Rushton
D)David Suzuki

Question 12

You and your friend are having a discussion about race.Your friend says "People are just people.I don't see colour.We're all just human." What are your friend's comments an example of?

A)reverse discrimination
B)white privilege
C)white supremacy
D)colourblindness

Question 13

You are at lunch with some people from work and you tell them about buying your first new home in Harbourtown.One of your co-workers says, "Are you sure you want to move there? I hear that there is a lot of crime in that area, you know, robberies, drugs, and even murder.It's a black neighbourhood, you know, that's probably why." What is this co-worker's comment an example of?

A)xenophobia
B)racial prejudice
C)racial discrimination
D)shadeism

Question 14

What is today's concept of race focused on?

A)biological divisions of humans that are based on skin colour and other physical traits
B)the categorization of humans into five distinct groups that are based on biological attributes
C)the social construction of differences between groups, with the effect of oppressing some of these groups
D)the scientific and anthropological grouping of humans into categories

Question 15

Tanya is an Indigenous woman who has worked for Mainstream Organization ABC for five years.During this time, she has been denied mentoring and training opportunities that are available to other people.When she asks why, Tanya is told it is because she can't get along with her co-worker, Susan.Susan regularly makes jokes about Indigenous people in the office and when asked to stop, tells Tanya she needs to lighten up.What is Tanya experiencing?

A)racial profiling
B)reverse discrimination
C)racial discrimination
D)shadeism

Question 16

Which term refers to the assumption that all individuals of a particular race or ethnicity have the same characteristics and abilities?

A)racial prejudice
B)racial stereotyping
C)racial discrimination
D)racial profiling

Question 17

In the early 1800s, American physician and scientist Samuel Morton conducted a systematic analysis of hundreds of human skulls from all over the world to confirm his hypothesis that there is a relationship between race and the size of skulls.What was Morton trying to prove by using science?

A)There is a hierarchy in brain capacity between different racial groups based on skull measurements.
B)Australian Aborigines had a larger brain capacity that Africans.
C)Africans had a larger brain capacity than Australian Aborigines.
D)English speakers had a larger brain capacity than French speakers.

Question 18

Someone you follow on Twitter posts a negative comment towards a minority group.It includes hateful speech and racial slurs.What form of racism is this an example of?

A)discursive
B)ideological
C)interactional
D)representational

Question 19

Which term refers to the failure to include the narratives, experiences, and events of racialized communities in Canadian history books?

A)societal racism
B)individual racism
C)reverse discrimination
D)institutional racism

Question 20

Zima has just immigrated to Canada with her family.At her previous school, she was at the top of her class and excelled, especially in math and science.On her first day at her new school she is given an assessment to see if she meets the benchmarks for her grade.Because she does not read or write English, she did poorly on the assessment given.No other measures are taken to assess her abilities and she is placed in a remedial class.What is this an example of?

A)individual racism
B)institutional racism
C)societal racism
D)racial profiling

Question 21

In 2011, Justin and Nathan Rehberg erected a burning cross on the lawn of an interracial couple in Windsor, Nova Scotia.What is this an example of?

A)shadeism
B)hate crime
C)institutional racism
D)racial prejudice

Question 22

A well-dress man, waiting for his bus, moves to the side of a bridge to shield himself from the cold wind of November.A police officer stops to speak with him to find out what he is doing and why he is standing where he is.The only reason for the stop is the colour of the man's skin.What is this an example of?

A)a wellness check
B)racial profiling
C)discrimination
D)a hate crime

Question 23

Research conducted by Dr.Scot Wortley of the University of Toronto revealed that the stop-and-search practices of police officers in Kingston, Ontario, resulted in black people being four times more likely to be stopped than white people.Which concept is explored by this research?

A)overt racism
B)racial profiling
C)tokenism
D)shadeism

Question 24

There is an alleged police practice of picking up Indigenous people and taking them to a distant location far away, and then leaving them to get home on their own.What is this called?

A)racial prejudice
B)drive and drop
C)starlight tours
D)xenophobia

Question 25

What is meant by the term "colourblindness"? How can using this term worsen injustices?

Question 26

Based on the "Broken Circle: The Dark Legacy of Indian Residential Schools" reading, what does the author, Theodore Fontaine, suggest?

A)The residential schools in Canada were an exemplar of systemic racism in Canada and have had a lasting impact.
B)There is no impact on youth who did not experience firsthand the residential schools.
C)The government was trying to acculturate the First Nations people and did not mean any harm.
D)Although there was short-term harm done to the youth in the schools, there was not long-term harm.

Question 27

The media accuses the President of ABC Company of racist hiring practices.In response, he hires a new marketing manager who is African-Canadian.He then calls a press conference with the new manager in order to refute the claims of discriminatory practice.What are the actions of the President of ABC Company an example of?

A)shadeism
B)xenophobia
C)racial discrimination
D)tokenism

Question 28

The rates of child poverty among Indigenous and racialized communities are cause for concern among Canadians.The problem is most severe among children of which of the following groups?

A)Indigenous people
B)people with disabilities
C)racialized groups
D)recent immigrants

Question 29

In an interview, what solution did Morgan Freeman propose for the problem of racism?

A)Have specific months in school curricula when children are taught the history of specific groups of people, such as Black History Month or Jewish History Month.
B)Stop creating structural barriers for people of colour.
C)Stop talking about it.
D)Create equal opportunity programs to eliminate barriers in society that are based on the colour of a person's skin.

Question 30

A landlord refused to rent to a South African student because he believed the student might expose him to HIV/AIDS.What is this an example of?

A)hate crime
B)Jim Crow racism
C)racial profiling
D)white nationalism

Question 31

What is one example of racial profiling in law enforcement?

A)When building a legitimate profile of a criminal, the officer focuses on the person's modus operandi (methods of operation), rather than on their race or ethnicity.
B)You are allowed to consider a person's race or ethnicity in drawing inferences of criminal activity as long as there are reliable statistics that show that persons of a given race or ethnicity are more likely than others to be arrested or convicted for certain specific crimes.
C)In appropriate circumstances, an officer can consider whether a person seems to be "out of place" (i.e., not a resident of a particular area or neighbourhood), so long as the officer does not rely on the person's race or ethnicity to reach that conclusion or to draw an inference that the person is "up to no good."
D)When making decisions about how to deal with a person, an officer should generally focus on the person's conduct, rather than on physical characteristics such as skin colour.

Question 32

Explain the four forms of racism mentioned in the text and provide an example for each.