Deck 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

People in college are often at the realistic choice stage of career development.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An acquaintance rape is less likely to be reported to the police than a stranger rape.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

As people mature, they tend to develop a cognitive-affective complexity that enables them to harbor both positive and negative feelings about their career choices.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Early adulthood:​

A) involves establishing careers or pathways in life.
B) occurs at the same time for all people.
C) occurs after emerging adulthood is completed.
D) occurs later for women than for men.

Question 5

Adulthood is more accurately defined by one's age and not by what one does.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of emerging adulthood?​

A) It occurs after the end of puberty.
B) It occurs between the ages of 18 and 25.
C) It occurs sooner for those who go to college than for those who do not.
D) It occurs primarily in those from the lower socioeconomic groups.

Question 7

Adaptive thermogenesis causes the body to produce less energy when someone goes on a diet.

Question 8

An intrinsic reward for working is developing one's talent.

Question 9

_____ is a theoretical period of development, spanning the ages of 18 to 25, in which young people in developed nations engage in extended role exploration.

A) Preadolescence
B) Emerging adulthood
C) Adolescence
D) Middle age

Question 10

The leading cause of death during early adulthood is cancer.

Question 11

Eric has just finished high school and is doing his internship. He is living at home and is enrolling in graduate school. He makes decent money but cannot afford his own apartment. He has a girlfriend but is not yet ready to commit to marriage. He feels that he has overcome adolescence but is not yet fully adult. According to Jeffrey Arnett, Eric is in the age of _____.

A) instability
B) identity exploration
C) feeling in-between
D) possibilities

Question 12

Fertility is at its peak for both men and women during early adulthood.

Question 13

Emerging adulthood is a period of development that was identified to fit those who are not considered adolescents anymore but are not completely in the early adulthood phase.

Question 14

Sensory sharpness declines in early adulthood.

Question 15

Crystallized intelligence declines with age.

Question 16

People in the maintenance stage are in the last stage of career development.

Question 17

The primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is by injecting drugs.

Question 18

The changes of aging in the cardiovascular system begin in early adulthood.

Question 19

Emerging adulthood:

A) is sandwiched between the stages of adolescence and young adulthood.
B) precedes adolescence.
C) is the stage that appears after middle adulthood and before old age.
D) roughly spans the ages of 55 to 65.

Question 20

Most young adults are careless about their health during early adulthood.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of fertility in men and women?​

A) Fertility in both genders declines as early adulthood progresses.
B) After age 25, women are usually advised to have their fetuses checked for Down's syndrome.
C) It is only a woman's age that contributes to chromosomal abnormalities in offspring.
D) Age is unrelated to chromosomal problems in offspring for both men and women.

Question 22

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sexuality during early adulthood?​

A) People still experience the flood of sex hormones that affected them as adolescents.
B) Sexual activity is less common than that during adolescence.
C) Sexual opportunities are less common than that during adolescence.
D) The chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection are at their lowest.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of physical development during early adulthood?​

A) Young adults are at their tallest during early adulthood.
B) Women are normally stronger than men during early adulthood.
C) The immune system suffers due to extreme stress during early adulthood.
D) The skin begins to loosen, grow less elastic, and wrinkle in early adulthood.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of sensory abilities during early adulthood?​

A) Hearing tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s, particularly for tones that are high in pitch.
B) Visual acuity declines sharply by the late 20s and early 30s.
C)
Most people are farsighted and need reading glasses.
D) Sensory sharpness begins to decline during early adulthood.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of exercise?​

A) Moderate amount of activity is not enough to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in early adulthood.
B) Exercise helps improve physical health but does not benefit the brain and cognitive performance.
C) Moderate amount of activity can substantially reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
D) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adults 18 and older need at least 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of women in their late 30s and early 40s?​

A) There is a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova.
B) They rarely have fertility problems.
C) They cannot have healthy children, including their first children.
D) The risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy is low.

Question 27

Heart disease and cancer:​

A) are more common causes of death in young adults than other causes.
B) kill a much lesser percentage of people aged 25 to 44 than aged 15 to 24.
C) are less common causes of death during early adulthood than accidents.
D) are more frequently diagnosed in early adulthood than in middle adulthood.

Question 28

Which of the following is a change found toward the end of early adulthood?

A) Hearing peaks during this stage.
B) Wrinkles and less elastic skin are more common in men than women.
C) Most men experience rapid decline in virility.
D) Most women are completely infertile.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of adaptive thermogenesis?​

A) It explains why all obese people are overweight.
B) It sabotages weight-loss attempts in some overweight people.
C) It explains why obese people are always at the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
D) It causes thin people to become obese during adulthood.

Question 30

Hearing during early adulthood:​

A) is much weaker than that during adolescence.
B) improves dramatically compared to hearing during adolescence.
C) is much weaker than that during middle adulthood.
D) tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s.

Question 31

Which of the following is true of the causes of death during early adulthood?​

A) Homicide and suicide are among the leading causes of death during this time.
B) HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death during this time.
C) Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death during this time.
D) Accidents are the leading cause of death during this time.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of skin changes that occur toward the end of early adulthood?

A) Skin becomes more elastic.
B) Skin changes are more common for women than for men.
C) Skin changes are more common for men than for women.
D) Skin continues to be able to resist wrinkles.

Question 33

During early adulthood, _____.

A) the cardiovascular capacity increases with regular exercise
B) the heart muscles become more flexible, increasing the maximum heart rate
C) the cardiovascular system does not undergo any change.
D) the cardiovascular system is at high risk to develop congenital heart diseases.

Question 34

Obese people:​

A) are psychologically unable to lose weight.
B) are less likely to indulge in binge eating.
C) metabolize food more quickly than those who are not obese.
D) metabolize food more slowly than those who are not obese.

Question 35

As early adulthood progresses, fertility:​

A) increases for both men and women.
B) declines for women, but not for men.
C) declines gradually for both men and women.
D) remains unchanged for men and increases for women.

Question 36

Sexual activity:​

A) occurs less often in early adulthood than in late adulthood.
B) is more commonly reported by men than by women.
C) with a partner usually peaks in the 20s.
D) usually peaks in adolescence.

Question 37

Karen is overweight and has decided to shed some pounds to get healthier. She wishes to implement a cognitive-behavioral method to help achieve her goal. Which of the following is she most likely to implement to make her weight-loss program successful?​

A) Intentionally subject herself to temptations so she can learn how to resist them
B) Eat her entire meal without a break so that her body can learn how much food she needs
C) Reward herself for meeting calorie goals, as long as that reward is not food
D) Binge on occasions such as an office party and not resume dieting the very next day

Question 38

According to research, which of the following is true of HIV/AIDS?

A) The primary mode of transmission is male-female intercourse.
B) Older women are at a greater risk than younger men or women.
C) The disease cannot be prevented.
D) More children are infected by HIV/AIDS than adults.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?​

A) HIV/AIDS is the most widely spread STI among young adults.
B) Chlamydia is the second most commonly occurring STI in young adults and it results in sterility.
C) There is no prevention for the human papilloma virus (HPV).
D) Herpes is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can lead to infertility.

Question 40

Shelley is 24 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a revolving door existence?​

A) Shelley has changed three jobs in the last three months.
B) Shelley decides to move in with her boyfriend to get to know him better.
C) Shelley keeps returning to her parents' home when she is unable to pay the rent for her apartment.
D) Shelley decides to change her educational direction and pursue a career in acting instead of literature.

Question 41

Which of the following is an extrinsic motive for working?

A) To engage in stimulating activities
B) To extend one's social contacts
C) To avoid a sense of aimlessness
D) To earn money

Question 42

_____ is an intrinsic motive for working.

A) Money
B) Insurance
C) Future security
D) Developing talent

Question 43

Which of the following is true of sexual harassment?

A) For legal purposes, sexual harassment in the workplace always requires physical contact.
B) Only 10% of working women are victimized by sexual harassment.
C) Unwelcome sexual jokes do not amount to sexual harassment.
D) Charges of sexual harassment are often ignored or trivialized by coworkers and employers.

Question 44

Sandy is really concerned as she has not menstruated for a really long time. She tested negative for a pregnancy test. She is only in her mid-20s and is far too young for menopause. Sandy is suffering from _____.

A) amenorrhea
B) premenstrual syndrome
C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) dysmenorrhea

Question 45

Kelly's boss talks to her more often than she would like and jokes about the two of them going out after work. Even though Kelly knows he isn't serious, it makes her uncomfortable. She doesn't even want to go to work anymore because she knows her boss will make unnecessary comments. Kelly is experiencing _____.

A) sexual harassment
B) acquaintance rape
C) red tapism
D) the glass ceiling effect

Question 46

The work ethic is an intrinsic reason to work, which involves the view that:

A) we are morally obligated to avoid idleness.
B) we often express our personal needs and interests through our work.
C) work roles help define our functions in the community.
D) the workplace extends our social contacts.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?​

A) It is more severe than premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
B) It cannot be treated or prevented.
C) It means the absence of menstruation.
D) It may be linked to hormonal fluctuations.

Question 48

Premenstrual symptoms:

A) are always severe.
B) are reported by all women.
C) are sometimes severe enough to impair the social, academic, or occupational functioning of women.
D) are unrelated to changing levels of hormones or imbalances in neurotransmitters.

Question 49

Menstrual problems _____.

A) occur rarely in women in their young adulthood.
B) mostly involve life-threatening symptoms.
C) can include the absence of menstruation.
D) are primarily caused by psychological problems.

Question 50

_____ involves thought processes directed at considering how we arrive at our beliefs, facts, and ideas.

A) Egoistic thinking
B) Epistemic thinking
C) Postformal thinking
D) Postconventional thinking

Question 51

Linda tells her doctor that she experiences major mood swings a week before she menstruates. She suffers from loss of appetite and anxiety during those days. Which of the following actions is her doctor likely to take to treat Linda?​

A) Her doctor is likely to perform an analysis of a cervical smear.
B) Her doctor is likely to ask her to take blood, saliva, or urine tests to detect HIV antibodies.
C) Her doctor is likely to prescribe medication to increase the activity of serotonin in the nervous system.
D) Her doctor is likely to prescribe topical drugs containing pyrethrins or piperonal butoxide.

Question 52

Rape is less likely to be reported when:

A) it is committed by a stranger.
B) it involves female-on-female victimization.
C) it involves multiple assailants.
D) it is committed by an acquaintance.

Question 53

Labouvie-Vief's theory of pragmatic thought suggests that:

A) adults are not mature in their thinking unless they go to college.
B) the cognitive processes of adolescents are in many ways more advanced than that of young adults.
C) the thinking of adolescents tends to be less egocentric than that of young adults.
D) mature thought involves accepting realities and making compromises.

Question 54

_____ refers to recognition that judgments are often not absolute but made from a certain belief system or cultural background.

A) Dualistic thinking
B) Empirical thinking
C) Relativistic thinking
D) Pedantic thinking

Question 55

Katie takes up two jobs because she thinks that working makes a person less idle. In which of the following intrinsic motives of career development does Katie believe?

A) Socialization
B) Public roles
C) Self-identity
D) Work ethic

Question 56

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about rape?​

A) Penile-vaginal penetration is always necessary to fit the definition of rape.
B) Most states permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives.
C) Only about 10% of rape victims are women, and their assailants are generally men.
D) Women aged 30 to 44 are two to three times more likely to be raped than girls or older women.

Question 57

John does not particularly love his job. However, his major motive to go to work every day is the fact that he gets to meet his friends. He and his friends spend a lot of time together during the weekend and share the same interests. Which of the following intrinsic motives is involved in the development of John's career?

A) Socialization
B) Public roles
C) Self-identity
D) Work ethic

Question 58

Which of the following is true of cognitive development?

A) As with physical development, people are at the height of their cognitive powers during adolescence.
B) People typically retain their verbal skills and may even show improvement in vocabulary and general knowledge as they age.
C) Performance on tasks that require reasoning or problem-solving speeds, and visual-spatial skills tend to decline in early adulthood.
D) Crystallized intelligence is more susceptible to age than fluid intelligence.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about cognitive development is true?

A) Crystallized intelligence is the ability to process information, such as solving a math problem rapidly.
B) Fluid intelligence represents one's lifetime of intellectual attainments, as shown, for example, by vocabulary and accumulated knowledge.
C) Crystallized intelligence declines with age.
D) Fluid intelligence is more susceptible to the effects of aging than crystalline intelligence.

Question 60

Dualistic thinking:

A) involves dividing the cognitive world into opposites, such as good and bad.
B) reflects the type of thought processes adults have after college.
C) reflects the most mature type of thought process adults have.
D) occurs during Piaget's fifth stage of cognitive development.

Question 61

After age _________, women are usually advised to have their fetuses checked for Down's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
A. 18
B. 35
C. 25
D. 20

Question 62

Which of the following is a difference between the fantasy stage and the retirement stage of career development?

A) The retirement stage is the first stage of career development, whereas the fantasy stage is the second stage of career development.
B) The retirement stage dominates from early childhood until about age 11, whereas the fantasy stage dominates in late adulthood.
C) The retirement stage focuses on glamorous professions, whereas the fantasy stage focuses on jobs based on abilities.
D) The retirement stage involves people undertaking second or third careers, whereas the fantasy stage involves people who have not settled in a career yet.

Question 63

Over the years, _________ has been a key standard for adulthood for developmentalists.
A. marriage
B. divorce
C. remarriage
D. college education

Question 64

The first stage of career development in Super's theory is the _____.

A) fantasy stage
B) maintenance stage
C) tentative choice stage
D) realistic choice stage

Question 65

Describe physical development during early adulthood.

Question 66

Explain Labouvie-Vief's theory of pragmatic thought.

Question 67

Describe the various menstrual problems that women experience in adulthood. Explain their symptoms and methods of treatment.

Question 68

_________ is usually defined in terms of what people do rather than how old they are.
A. Old age
B. Adulthood
C. Infancy
D. Adolescence

Question 69

_________ is not as common as other types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but has gained more attention because of its lethality.
A. Genital herpes
B. Syphilis
C. HIV/AIDS
D. Gonorrhea

Question 70

_________ is a bacterial infection of the vagina or urinary tract that can result in sterility.
A. Chlamydia
B. Tetanus
C. Dysmenorrhea
D. Schizophrenia

Question 71

As people age, the immune system produces fewer _________ and the disease-fighting ability of those that remain declines.
A. ova
B. red blood cells
C. platelets
D. white blood cells

Question 72

For legal purposes, _________ in the workplace is usually defined as deliberate or repeated unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact.
A. substance abuse
B. sexual harassment
C. rape
D. sexism

Question 73

According to Super, during the maintenance stage of career development, _____.

A) most people feel trapped in their jobs.
B) most people select jobs their parents wanted them to take.
C) a person settles into the chosen career.
D) a person gets ready for retirement.

Question 74

_________ is an intrinsic reason for working that reflects the view that we are morally obligated to avoid idleness.
A. Self-worth
B. Self-identity
C. Socialization
D. Work ethic

Question 75

The _________ stage of Super's theory involves settling in and improving skills at a job.
A. fantasy
B. retirement
C. tentative
D. maintenance

Question 76

_________ is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility.
A. Genital herpes
B. Chlamydia
C. HIV/AIDS
D. Gonorrhea

Question 77

Briefly describe the stages in Donald Super's theory of career development.

Question 78

Explain the five features that distinguish the stage of emerging adulthood as described by Jeffrey Arnett.

Question 79

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fantasy stage of Super's career development theory?

A) One's final career is most often chosen in this stage.
B) In this stage, interest and values are considered as the most critical reasons to choose a career.
C) In this stage, glamour has little to do with the career chosen.
D) In this stage, one's abilities and the career chosen often do not match.

Question 80

Paul is 60 years old. He is currently positioned as a senior manager in his workplace. Which of the following actions is he most likely to take, being in the retirement stage of career development?

A) Paul is likely to choose a job in acting because of the glamour quotient.
B) Paul is likely to change positions within the company by moving from the marketing to the management team.
C) Paul is likely to sever bonds with his workplace and undertake a second career.
D) Paul is likely to weigh the job requirements and rewards against his interests, abilities, and values.