Deck 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

Today, single people are more likely to be perceived as socially inadequate or as failures.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to Erikson, the key crisis of early adulthood is:​

A) the separation from one's parents.
B) the establishment of intimate relationships.
C) the development a sense of identity.
D) the achievement of mature social responsibility.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to European and American studies, dual-earner women with flexible work schedules encounter more stress than women with fixed schedules.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Marriage restricts sexual relations so that a man can be assured-or assume-that his wife's children are his.

Question 5

When young men's views differ from those of their parents, they are less likely to engage in an active struggle or a fight for independence.

Question 6

Feelings of connectedness to parents:​

A) decrease completely after one begins attending college.
B) increase after employment or financial independence.
C) are related to the amount of financial and emotional support students receive from parents.
D) are related to the values and interests traditionally associated with the institution of marriage.

Question 7

According to Sternberg, liking someone is associated with intimacy alone, without passion or long-term commitment.

Question 8

In companionate love, intimacy and commitment are strong, but passion is lacking.

Question 9

Children of divorce benefit when their parents avoid saying negative things about each other in the children's presence.

Question 10

Intimacy is the tendency to respond in kind when we feel admired and complimented.

Question 11

Married people appear to be better able to cope with the stresses and strains of life.

Question 12

According to Erik Erikson, the central conflict or life crisis of early adulthood, in which a person develops an intimate relationship with a significant other or risks heading down a path toward social isolation is called industry versus inferiority.

Question 13

Cohabitors tend to be more traditional and more religious than noncohabitors.

Question 14

When young men's views differ from those of their parents, they are:​

A) more likely to engage in an active struggle or a fight for independence.
B) less likely to succumb to societal pressures.
C) less likely to follow their own ambitions.
D) more likely to return home to live for financial reasons even after graduating college.

Question 15

Loneliness decreases from childhood to adolescence.

Question 16

The core conflict identified by Erik Erikson for early adulthood was _____.

A) intimacy versus isolation
B) industry versus inferiority
C) autonomy versus shame
D) initiative versus guilt

Question 17

Willingness to cohabit is related to less traditional views of marriage and gender roles.

Question 18

Lonely people tend to disclose personal information to potential friends.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the boomerang generation?

A) It refers to young adults who were born during the aftermath of the Second World War.
B) It refers to young adults who rejected the traditional norms and values of their parents in order to establish a new social order.
C) It refers to young adults who return home to live for financial reasons even after graduating college.
D) It refers to young adults who venture out on their own after graduation.

Question 20

In monogamy, a person has more than one spouse and is permitted sexual access to each of them.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of fatuous love?​

A) It is characteristic of a long-term committed relationship.
B) It is high in commitment and passion, but low in intimacy.
C) It is high in commitment and intimacy, but low in passion.
D) It is the most likely to develop in relationships between older adults.

Question 22

Jack and Jill met in a summer camp. They are physically and emotionally attracted to each other. However, they do not believe their relationship has any future. This scenario is an example of:​

A) consummate love.
B) romantic love.
C) companionate love.
D) empty love.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of romantic love?​

A) Intimacy and commitment are strong, but passion is lacking.
B) It typifies long-term relationships in which passion has ebbed, but a deep and abiding friendship remains.
C) It is characterized by a deep commitment to remain together.
D) It may burn brightly and then flicker out.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of empty love?​

A) It refers to the commitment to remain together without intimacy or passion.
B) It is associated with whirlwind courtships that burn brightly but briefly.
C) It has both passion and intimacy but lacks commitment.
D) It may burn brightly and then flicker out.

Question 25

Consummate love is:​

A) considered complete love, with passion, commitment, and intimacy in full measure.
B) what develops when passion is high but commitment is low.
C) a brightly burning, passionate relationship that burns out quickly.
D) when two individuals are intimate and committed friends but have little passion for each other.

Question 26

Which of the following refers to the tendency to respond in kind when we feel admired and complimented?​

A) Intimacy
B) Commitment
C) Infatuation
D) Reciprocity

Question 27

Michael has recently graduated from college. He now lives in an apartment and has a job, which will enable him to begin paying back his college loans. He has a girlfriend who he believes he will marry. He is also thinking about whether or not he will want to have children someday. In the context of Levinson's seasons of life, all of these factors contribute to Michael's _____.

A) life structure
B) social cognition
C) separation anxiety
D) self-concept

Question 28

Which of the following is a difference between romantic love and consummate love?​

A) Romantic love is usually based on shared interests, liking, and respect, whereas consummate love refers to a state of passion or infatuation.
B) Romantic love typifies long-term relationships, whereas consummate love typifies short-term relationships.
C) Romantic love has both passion and intimacy but lacks commitment, whereas consummate love is a more complete form of love in which all three components flower.
D) Romantic love always burns brightly, whereas consummate love may burn brightly and then flicker out.

Question 29

Investigators define feelings of _____ as psychological forces that draw people together.

A) love
B) attraction
C) reciprocity
D) intimacy

Question 30

In the context of Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which component involves intense romantic or sexual desire?​

A) Intimacy
B) Passion
C) Commitment
D) Reciprocity

Question 31

Many young adults also adopt what Levinson calls _____, which is the drive to become someone, to leave one's mark on history-which serves as a tentative blueprint for life.

A) social cognition
B) the dream
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) the personal fable

Question 32

Erikson's clinical experience led him to believe that young adults:​

A) who have difficulties in school or with peer relationships do not develop a sense of inferiority.
B) who are traditional are more likely to have strained relationships with their parents.
C) who depart from home for college or work develop a damaged relationship with their parents.
D) who have not achieved ego identity may not be ready to commit themselves to others.

Question 33

According to Daniel Levinson, adults:​

A) in their later 30s and early 40s are often looking to make significant changes in their lives, including new jobs, families, and homes.
B) who had not achieved ego identity-a firm sense of who they are and what they stand for-may not be ready to commit themselves to others.
C) go through certain periods of life in which their progress and psychological well-being are shaped by common social and physical demands and crises.
D) who choose to remain celibate or single are not developing normally.

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the attraction-similarity hypothesis?​

A) It holds that people are more likely to develop romantic relationships with people who are approved by their parents and other significant others.
B) It argues that young adults who do not reach out to develop intimate relationships risk retreating into isolation and loneliness.
C) It is proven by the fact that certain preferred traits provide reproductive advantages.
D) It is reinforced by the finding that people who are involved in committed relationships are most likely to be similar to their partners in their attitudes and cultural attributes.

Question 35

According to Robert Sternberg, which of the following refers to the decision to devote oneself to a cause or another person?​

A) Reciprocity
B) Passion
C) Intimacy
D) Commitment

Question 36

Farrah and Michael have been in a relationship for five years and have found that their love for each other, which was initially extremely passionate, has flowered into a strong relationship that has grown to include commitment and intimacy. Their relationship would be considered:​

A) companionate love.
B) consumed love.
C) foolish love.
D) consummate love.

Question 37

Which of the following is a difference between love and friendship?

A) Love is related to states of decreasing sexual arousal whereas friendship is related to states of increasing sexual arousal.
B) Love can lead to a loss of self-esteem, whereas friendship can lead to an increase in self-esteem.
C) Love can lead to a loss of feelings of affection, whereas friendship can lead to affection.
D) Love can refer to states of passion or infatuation, whereas friendship is based on shared interests, liking, and respect.

Question 38

Erikson, like Havighurst, has been criticized for suggesting that young adults:​

A) may not be able to gauge the extent to which their developing values may conflict with those ofa potential intimate partner.
B) who have established a firm sense of identity during adolescence are unprepared for fusing their identity with those of other people through marriage and friendships.
C) who choose to remain celibate or single are not developing normally.
D) who had not achieved ego identity may not be ready to commit themselves to others.

Question 39

Which of the following involves passionate, obsessive love at first sight without intimacy or commitment?​

A) Friendship
B) Attraction
C) Infatuation
D) Intimacy

Question 40

Which of the following is a form of love fuelled by passion and feelings of intimacy, but low in commitment?​

A) Romantic love
B) Companionate love
C) Empty love
D) Fatuous love

Question 41

In _____, a person has more than one spouse and is permitted sexual access to each of them.

A) polygamy
B) monogamy
C) serial monogamy
D) homogamy

Question 42

Which of the following is characteristic of lonely people?​

A) They consider their problems to be lesser than those of their peers.
B) They are cynical about human nature.
C) They have good social skills.
D) They disclose personal information to potential friends.

Question 43

Which of the following is a reason why some singles remain celibate?

A) They are perceived as socially inadequate.
B) They are unable to marry for personal reasons.
C) They lack opportunities for having sex.
D) They do not believe in marriage.

Question 44

Why do some couples prefer cohabitation?​

A) It enables them to live together without parental issues.
B) It tests the compatibility and endurance of the relationship prior to tying the knot.
C) It allows cohabitors to be more traditional and more religious.
D) It allows cohabitors to commit to the values and interests traditionally associated with the institution of marriage.

Question 45

Those who cohabit:​

A) have less traditional views of marriage than others.
B) are more likely to be highly religious than those who do not cohabit.
C) do not believe in marriage.
D) are very unlikely to ever consider getting married in the "traditional" sense.

Question 46

In _____, one person is married to one other person.

A) polyandry
B) monogamy
C) polygyny
D) homogamy

Question 47

Today, single people:​

A) are usually happy, since they receive more benefits from the government.
B) have the same sexual interests and lifestyles as those who are not single.
C) encounter more social stigma.
D) are less likely to be perceived as socially inadequate.

Question 48

Which of the following best describes gay marriage?​

A) It is the marriage in which a person has more than one spouse.
B) It is the marriage between two males or two females.
C) It is the marriage in which two people live together for a certain period of time before tying the knot.
D) It is the marriage between two persons, but they also have sexual access to other people.

Question 49

Which of the following is true of arranged marriages?​

A) They are strongly associated with increased family tension and high divorce rates as opposed to love marriages.
B) They ensure that the bride and the groom share similar backgrounds so that they will carry on family traditions.
C) They involve couples who are less traditional than couples who have love marriages.
D) They typically involve people who are not traditional.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of loneliness?​

A) It can lead to feelings of mistrust.
B) It decreases if people disclose personal information to potential friends.
C) It is caused because of life changes.
D) It decreases from childhood to adolescence.

Question 51

Clive and Susanna have been romantic partners for two years. Six months ago, Clive proposed marriage to Susanna and she declined. However, she agreed to his proposal to move in with him. This scenario is an example of:​

A) cohabitation
B) reciprocity.
C) individuation.
D) intimacy.

Question 52

Which of the following is a difference between monogamy and polygamy?​

A) In monogamy, people are granted sexual relationships to more than one person, whereas in polygamy, people are granted sexual relationships with only one person.
B) In monogamy, people are involved in a series of platonic relationships, whereas in polygamy, people are involved in one exclusive romantic relationship.
C) In monogamy, people get married to people who are similar to them, whereas in polygamy, people get married to people who are not similar to them.
D) In monogamy, one person is married to one other person, whereas in polygamy, a person has more than one spouse.

Question 53

Steve and Roshna have been together for four years. They feel intimate and committed toward each other. However, they do not feel the same level of passion they felt at the beginning of the relationship. This scenario is an example of:​

A) consummate love.
B) romantic love.
C) companionate love.
D) empty love.

Question 54

Which of the following refers to abstention from sexual activity, whether from choice or lack of opportunity?​

A) Reciprocity
B) Homogamy
C) Celibacy
D) Cohabitation

Question 55

Which of the following best describes a series of exclusive relationships?​

A) Serial monogamy
B) Celibacy
C) Serial polygamy
D) Homogamy

Question 56

Which of the following is true of companionate love?​

A) It typically occurs in whirlwind relationships that begin passionately but eventually burn out quickly.
B) It leads to the longest lasting relationships with the most passion.
C) It is high in commitment and passion, but low in intimacy.
D) It occurs in long-term relationships in which passion has ebbed, but a strong friendship is evident.

Question 57

POSSLQ stands for People of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters and applies to unmarried heterosexual couples who live together. It is also referred to as _____.

A) cohabitation
B) reciprocity
C) homogamy
D) polygamy

Question 58

Which of the following is a characteristic of jealousy?​

A) Feelings of affection
B) Feelings of self-satisfaction
C) Feelings of mistrust
D) Feelings of indifference

Question 59

Which of the following is true of cohabitation?​

A) It is related to traditional views of gender roles.
B) It is seen as an alternative to living alone.
C) It is seen as a potential threat to the prospect of marriage.
D) It is related to more traditional views of marriage.

Question 60

A difference between cohabitors and noncohabitors is that cohabitors tend to:​

A) have higher self-esteem and feelings of empathy.
B) be more committed to the values associated with the institution of marriage.
C) be more religious.
D) be less traditional.

Question 61

Which of the following best describes age homogamy?​

A) It reflects the tendency of people who marry late or remarry to select partners well outside their age range.
B) It reflects the tendency of people to have multiple sexual experiences with people in their own age range.
C) It reflects the tendency of people to have exclusive sexual relationships with people in the same age range.
D) It reflects the tendency of people to select partners who fall in their own age range.

Question 62

How did Levinson consider the seasons of life or phases of early adulthood to be different for men and women? How is his view considered today?

Question 63

_________ can lead to loss of feelings of affection, feelings of insecurity and rejection, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, and feelings of mistrust.
A. Attraction
B. Reciprocity
C. Loneliness
D. Jealousy

Question 64

_________ entails integrating one's own values and beliefs with those of one's parents and one's society.
A. Cohabitation
B. Individuation
C. Isolation
D. Necessitation

Question 65

Which of the following refers to the practice of people getting married to people who are similar to them?​

A) Homogamy
B) Polygamy
C) Monogamy
D) Serial monogamy

Question 66

Persons who marry late or who remarry tend to:​

A) meet people from different age groups.
B) select partners close in age.
C) have more than one spouse.
D) have sexual access to multiple partners.

Question 67

Lack of social skills, lack of interest in other people, and lack of empathy are characteristics of _________.
A. attraction
B. reciprocity
C. loneliness
D. jealousy

Question 68

Discuss whether cohabitation is a good trial for marriage.

Question 69

What is the conflict identified by Erikson for the phase of early adulthood? Also, explain what Erickson has been criticized for.

Question 70

_________ is involved in oxygenating blood and increasing its flow to the skin-giving off a reddish hue-and to the genitals, leading to sexual excitement.
A. Testosterone
B. Estrogen
C. Adrenaline
D. Progesterone

Question 71

Romantic love may burn brightly and then flicker out. Or it may develop into a more complete love called _________.
A. companionate love
B. consummate love
C. empty love
D. fatuous love

Question 72

Which of the following is true of age homogamy?

A) It allows people to have a series of exclusive sexual relationships with people of the same age.
B) It allows brides and grooms of similar background to marry so that they can carry on family traditions.
C) It reflects the tendency to marry late or remarry with partners from different age groups.
D) It reflects the tendency to marry in early adulthood.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of divorce?​

A) It prohibits personal growth and the opportunity to take stock of one's life.
B) It disallows an individual to establish a new, more rewarding life.
C) It prompts feelings of failure as a spouse and parent.
D) It can be attributed to the traditional values of couples.

Question 74

_________ is associated with whirlwind courtships that burn brightly but briefly as the partners realize that they are not well matched.
A. Companionate love
B. Consummate love
C. Empty love
D. Fatuous love

Question 75

In Levinson's theory, _________ refers to the underlying pattern of a person's life at a given stage, as defined by relationships, career, race, religion, economic status, and the like.
A. self-image
B. life stance
C. ego identity
D. life structure

Question 76

Briefly describe Sternberg's triangular theory of love.

Question 77

The experience of _________, as opposed to attachment or sexual arousal, occurs within a cultural context in which the concept is idealized.
A. romantic love
B. consummate love
C. fatuous love
D. empty love

Question 78

_________ is usually based on shared interests, liking, and respect.
A. Reciprocity
B. Sexual attraction
C. Romantic love
D. Friendship

Question 79

Discuss the characteristics of lonely people.

Question 80

_________ typifies long-term relationships and marriages in which passion has ebbed but a deep and abiding friendship remains.
A. Companionate love
B. Consummate love
C. Empty love
D. Fatuous love