Deck 19: Lifes

Question 1

Today, only a small minority of Americans die in their own homes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Voluntary active euthanasia is legal throughout most of the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Involuntary active euthanasia is the intentional administration of lethal drugs or other means of producing a painless death without the person's informed consent.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There is typically a fixed period of time for which grief should last.

Question 5

A person's philosophy of life and prior experiences with crises affect his or her adjustment to the end stage of life.

Question 6

Funerals are tied to religious custom and cultural tradition.

Question 7

Death is the irreversible cessation of vital life functions.

Question 8

In active euthanasia, death is hastened by means of withholding potentially life-saving treatments.

Question 9

Which of the following accurately defines the term whole brain death?

A) It is the absence of activity of the cerebral cortex alone.
B) It is the cessation of activity of the cerebral cortex and brain stem.
C) It is the end stage of life in which bodily processes decline, leading to death.
D) It is the irreversible cessation of vital life functions.

Question 10

A person who is declared brain dead:

A) is unlikely to exhibit any vital life functions.
B) can continue to breathe.
C) can show normal activity in the cerebral cortex.
D) is likely to be conscious.

Question 11

The _____ is responsible for certain automatic functions, such as reflexes like breathing.

A) cerebellum
B) brain stem
C) hindbrain
D) frontal lobe

Question 12

The concept of surviving death renders death more frightening to many children.

Question 13

The stage theory of grief is inapplicable to hospital staffs' responses to the death of an inpatient.

Question 14

To support people who are dying, it is a good practice to minimize the dying person's emotional pain by changing the subject.

Question 15

Most hospice care is provided in a hospital setting.

Question 16

Experiences such as attending funerals challenge an adolescent's sense of immortality that is connected with the personal fable.

Question 17

The most widely used criteria for establishing brain death include absence of activity of the _____.

A) cerebral cortex
B) cerebellum
C) brainstem
D) medulla oblongata

Question 18

Research shows that individuals behave in dying more or less as they behaved during earlier periods when they experienced stress, failure, and threat.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is likely to be true if there is no activity in the cerebral cortex of an individual?

A) The psychological functioning of the individual remains intact.
B) There is little possibility of the individual being brain dead.
C) The individual's sense of self remains unaffected.
D) The consciousness of the individual has ceased.

Question 20

Many people at most ages assume, or are encouraged to assume, a form of spiritual reversibility in their thinking about death.

Question 21

According to Kübler-Ross's stages of dying, which of the following stages is most likely characterized by a person thinking that his or her diagnosis is wrong?

A) Bargaining
B) Denial
C) Depression
D) Acceptance

Question 22

The withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is a form of _____.

A) terminal sedation
B) voluntary active euthanasia
C) passive euthanasia
D) involuntary active euthanasia

Question 23

The stages of dying as proposed by Kübler-Ross is limited to:

A) people diagnosed with Huntington's disease.
B) people diagnosed with terminal illnesses.
C) sudden death caused by accidents.
D) depressed adults who commit suicide.

Question 24

Mike is a terminally ill patient who stays at home rather than in a hospital. His treatment focuses on the reduction of pain and suffering since any medical treatment would be of little help. This scenario demonstrates:

A) terminal sedation.
B) physician-assisted suicide.
C) palliative care.
D) active euthanasia.

Question 25

A living will is a legal document that people usually draft before their terminal illness that instructs physicians:

A) to not carry out either involuntary active euthanasia or passive euthanasia if they are disabled or incapacitated.
B) to administer a drug and assist in the patient's suicide.
C) to resort to passive euthanasia if they become permanently incapacitated and cannot communicate their wishes.
D) to not withhold life-supporting treatment if they are in a vegetative state.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes a hospice?

A) It is an organization whose sole aim is to provide support to people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
B) It is an organization that treats dying patients by focusing on palliative care rather than curative treatment.
C) It is an organization that functions to cure people of their diseases and save their lives.
D) It is an organization that offers geriatric care to patients, except for those who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses.

Question 27

Unlike hospitals, hospices:

A) consider the entire family to be the unit of care.
B) focus on curative treatment rather than palliative care.
C) tend to be highly expensive.
D) function to save lives of patients.

Question 28

Which of the following defines passive euthanasia?

A) It is the purposeful taking of a person's life through gentle or painless means to relieve pain or suffering.
B) It is a form of treatment focused on the cure of diseases rather than the alleviation of pain and suffering.
C) It is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to hasten death.
D) It is the unintentional administering of lethal drugs that results in the death of terminally ill patients.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of passive euthanasia?

A) It is illegal throughout the United States.
B) It is legal if performed in accordance with the wishes of patients.
C) It is not carried out to hasten the death of patients.
D) It is the sedation of terminally ill patients to reduce pain.

Question 30

Ria is a patient diagnosed with an advanced stage of leukemia. If she is in the first stage of dying as suggested by Kübler-Ross, which of the following is likely to be Ria's reaction to her diagnosis?

A) She is likely to blame her doctor for not doing enough to cure her.
B) She is likely to dismiss her diagnosis as being a mistake.
C) She is likely to be in a state of depression.
D) She is likely to have come to terms with her diagnosis.

Question 31

Which of the following is the last stage of dying as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) Final acceptance
B) Separation distress
C) Bargaining
D) Anger

Question 32

A doctor who fails to resuscitate a terminally ill patient who stops breathing, thereby following the wishes expressed in the patient's living will is carrying out _____.

A) passive euthanasia
B) terminal sedation
C) involuntary active euthanasia
D) voluntary active euthanasia

Question 33

Which of the following is an alternative term that is used to refer to euthanasia?

A) Palliative care
B) Sedation
C) Suicide
D) Mercy killing

Question 34

Vincent is in the final stage of lung cancer and is in a great deal of pain. He requests his physicians to put an end to his suffering by allowing him to die. After the required legal formalities, Vincent's wife administers a drug to end his life. This scenario illustrates _____.

A) temporary sedation
B) voluntary active euthanasia
C) passive euthanasia
D) physician-assisted suicide

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of involuntary active euthanasia?

A) It is carried out with the consent of a patient.
B) It is the unintentional administration of drugs that results in the hastening of death.
C) It is carried out in response to the directions given in a patient's living will.
D) It is considered homicide in the eyes of law.

Question 36

Which of the following is an alternative to euthanasia that is supposedly not intended to hasten the death of terminally ill patients in distress?

A) Involuntary active euthanasia
B) Physician-assisted suicide
C) Passive euthanasia
D) Terminal sedation

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true in the context of hospices?

A) Hospices focus on treating diseases and disabilities of patients.
B) Hospice care tends to be less expensive than hospital treatment.
C) Hospices offer little control to patients and their families with respect to decision making.
D) Hospice care emphasizes length rather than quality of patients' life.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of terminal sedation?

A) It is carried out by means of withholding potentially life-saving treatments from patients.
B) It is the equivalent of passive euthanasia.
C) It is carried out to relieve the distress of terminally ill patients in their last days.
D) It is considered homicide in the eyes of the law.

Question 39

Beth is a cancer patient who has only a few days to live. She is in a constant state of stupor induced by a tranquilizer. With Beth's prior consent, she is intravenously administered with the continuous infusion of a tranquilizer that relieves her from suffering in her last days. This scenario best demonstrates the practice of _____.

A) passive euthanasia
B) terminal sedation
C) mercy killing
D) involuntary active euthanasia

Question 40

Which of the following is the purpose of the Death with Dignity Acts enacted in specific states of the United States?

A) They enable terminally ill patients to ask physicians to prescribe lethal doses of medication.
B) They make the practice of euthanasia illegal in case of terminal illnesses.
C) They regulate the practice of passive euthanasia.
D) They prohibit the practice of terminal sedation.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of John Bowlby's stage theory of grief?

A) It includes the possible reactions of adults when dealing with diagnoses of terminal illnesses.
B) It suggests tasks for older adults to help them achieve ego integrity.
C) It includes four stages that explain how individuals cope with bereavement.
D) It suggests ways to successfully adapt oneself to age-related physical and cognitive changes.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true with respect to young children's perspectives on death?

A) Most young children have the cognitive ability to understand the permanent nature of death.
B) Children, by nature, are quick to adapt to the absence of loved ones and tend to move on with their lives after the loss of a parent.
C) When children learn about death, it is considered abnormal for them to fear it.
D) Children's understanding of death is increased as they learn how various organs of the body contribute to the processes of life.

Question 43

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in late adulthood?

A) Homicide
B) Heart disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Suicide

Question 44

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in middle adulthood?

A) Stroke
B) Suicide
C) Cancer
D) Homicide

Question 45

Which of the following is a contribution of John Bowlby in the context of human development?

A) He proposed the stages of dying commonly experienced by terminally ill patients.
B) He modified Jacobs' theory of grief based on personal anecdotes.
C) He proposed a stage theory of grief for coping with bereavement.
D) He suggested three developmental tasks in late adulthood based on Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Question 46

In Amit's family, it is a custom for widows to wear white for the rest of their lives as an expression of grief and as a mark of loyalty to their deceased husband. Which of the following does this scenario demonstrate?

A) Mourning
B) Body transcendence
C) Denial
D) Ego transcendence

Question 47

In the context of a person's death, an autopsy may be performed:

A) if the death resulted from a terminal illness.
B) in case the person died of a chronic disease.
C) if foul play is involved or suspected.
D) for the issue of the death certificate.

Question 48

Which of the following statements best reflects adolescents' perspectives on death?

A) They are beyond creating unrealistic theories as to how some form of life might survive after death.
B) They are less likely than young children to attend funerals, including funerals with open caskets.
C) They speak of death in terms of concepts such as light and darkness.
D) They fail to associate the concept of death with themselves.

Question 49

Who among the following is required to examine a dead body and determine the cause of death that is not readily established?

A) A funeral director
B) A coroner
C) A mortician
D) A family doctor

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true with respect to grief?​

A) There is usually a fixed period of time for which grief should last.
B) Grief usually tends to increase over time.
C) Young children and adolescents are unlikely to experience grief.
D) Different cultures prescribe different rituals for expressing grief.

Question 51

Which of the following best explains the process of embalming?

A) It refers to treating a dead body with chemicals in order to preserve it.
B) It refers to expressing grief through customary rites and rituals.
C) It refers to reducing a dead body to ashes, by burning, usually as a funeral rite.
D) It refers to overcoming bereavement with the help of various rituals.

Question 52

In the case of older, retired adults, continuing with physical, leisure, and informal social activities are all associated with:

A) greater life satisfaction.
B) lower ego differentiation.
C) an acceleration in the effects of aging.
D) a low self-esteem.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of living wills?

A) Living wills only take effect if people are unable to speak for themselves.
B) There is no legal basis in the United States for carrying out any form of euthanasia based on living wills.
C) Physicians are more likely to follow general guidelines than specific instructions in living wills.
D) Living wills need not be drafted in accordance with state laws.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true in the context of funerals?

A) Funerals provide an organized way of responding to death.
B) Funeral arrangements in America are typically inexpensive.
C) Caskets are often a minor burial expense among funeral arrangements.
D) Funerals signify the end of bereavement of a deceased's family.

Question 55

How did Jacobs's research contribute to theories related to coping with death?

A) He proposed the disengagement theory.
B) He included four more stages to John Bowlby's stage theory of grief.
C) He modified Erikson's psychosocial theory to include the stage of ego integrity versus despair.
D) He described five-stage reaction of terminally ill patients to knowledge of their own impending death.

Question 56

The stage theory of grief is:

A) generally acceptable when applied to adults' responses to marital separation.
B) applicable only in the case of losses due to terminal illnesses.
C) typically inapplicable to children's responses to parental separation.
D) synonymously used with the five-stage reaction of terminally ill patients.

Question 57

When a person dies, a doctor needs to be called in to:

A) issue the death certificate.
B) perform an autopsy.
C) remove the body from the place of death.
D) make funeral arrangements.

Question 58

Which of the following stages was introduced by Jacobs to John Bowlby's stage theory of grief?

A) Depression-mourning
B) Shock-numbness
C) Disorganization-despair
D) Yearning-searching

Question 59

Which of the following accurately defines mourning?

A) It describes customary methods of expressing grief.
B) It refers to the inability to bounce back after bereavement.
C) It focuses on the acceptance of one's mortality.
D) It refers to the denial of a loss of a loved one.

Question 60

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in early adulthood?

A) Cancer
B) Heart disease
C) Homicide
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 61

_________ is the first stage in John Bowlby's stage theory of grief.
A. Shock-numbness
B. Disorganization-despair
C. Yearning-searching
D. Reorganization

Question 62

Treatment focused on the relief of pain and suffering rather than cure is called _________.
A. palliative care
B. geriatric care
C. preventive care
D. acute care

Question 63

How do funerals allow people to respond to death?

Question 64

When trying to help a bereaved friend cope with the loss of a loved one, it is recommended to:

A) wait for the bereaved friend to call before reaching out.
B) try and minimize his or her loss.
C) avoid forcing the bereaved friend to talk about his or her feelings.
D) avoid speaking about the deceased in his or her presence.

Question 65

Which of the following is most likely to help individuals cope better when dealing with the death of a loved one?

A) Temporarily withdrawing from life to avoid guilt
B) Joining a bereavement support group
C) Deciding on a fixed timetable for grief to run its course
D) Avoiding discussions on the deceased

Question 66

According to theorists of social and emotional development in late adulthood, _________ is likely to help some older adults face the reality of their impending death.
A. ego preoccupation
B. ego transcendence
C. body preoccupation
D. role diffusion

Question 67

The term _________ refers to the stage of life in which bodily processes decline, leading to death.
​A. paralysis
B. brain death
C. euthanasia
D. dying

Question 68

The term euthanasia literally means_________.
A. pain relief
B. suicide
C. cure
D. good death

Question 69

What advice should be given to an individual to help him or her support a person who is dying?

Question 70

Which of the following practices helps one cope with the loss of a loved one?

A) Covering up feelings or trying to erase them
B) Avoiding pleasurable experiences or interactions
C) Setting a timeline for grief to run its course
D) Allowing oneself to take time and feel the loss

Question 71

What are the differences between voluntary active euthanasia and involuntary active euthanasia?

Question 72

The term _________ refers to the purposeful taking of a person's life through gentle or painless means to relieve pain or suffering.
​A. brain death
B. sedation
C. euthanasia
D. suicide

Question 73

Which of the following is likely to help individuals depart their lives with dignity and integrity?

A) Choosing work-role preoccupation rather than ego differentiation
B) Gradually disengaging from society after middle adulthood
C) Stagnation rather than generativity in middle adulthood
D) Meeting squarely the challenges of their adult lives

Question 74

Explain the different stages of dying as suggested by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross.

Question 75

Medical and legal professionals generally use _________ as the standard for determining that a person has died.
​A. stoppage of the heart
B. suspension of breathing
C. brain death
D. loss of motor skills

Question 76

In active euthanasia,theadministration of a lethal treatment is usually carried out by _________.
A. the physician
B. the patient
C. a family member
D. an authorized medical authority

Question 77

The state of deprivation brought about by a loved one's death is called _________.
A. body preoccupation
B. ego transcendence
C. bereavement
D. denial

Question 78

How does a living will support a person who may be unable to communicate his or her wishes in the event of permanent incapacitation?

Question 79

While testing Jacobs' stage theory of grief, Paul Maciejewski and his colleagues observed that:

A) acceptance of the loss of a loved one waned gradually over time.
B) disbelief over a loss continually peaked after a period of time.
C) in the face of a loss, yearning, anger, and depression rise suddenly in the predicted order.
D) following a loss, anger was experienced for the longest period of time when compared with yearning and depression.

Question 80

According to Kübler-Ross's stages of dying, the stage of denial is usually followed by the stage of _________.
A. acceptance
B. depression
C. anger
D. bargaining