Deck 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: In the New World

Question 1

Who among the following women is in the first stage of labor?

A) Nita, whose baby has been delivered and taken away for vaccinations
B) Agnes, whose uterine contractions occur every fifteen minutes
C) Julia, whose baby has appeared at the opening of her vagina
D) Miriam, whose umbilical cord has been clamped and severed

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following events occurs early in the last month of pregnancy?​

A) The settling of the fetus's head in the pelvis
B) The appearance of blood in vaginal secretions
C) The secretion of the hormone oxytocin
D) The discharge of placenta through the birth canal

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Women who experience postpartum depression can benefit from social support and counseling.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

It is critical that parents have contact with their infants in the first few hours after birth if attachment is to occur.

Question 5

Oxygen deprivation during delivery is associated with an increased incidence of childhood schizophrenia.

Question 6

Which of the following events signals the beginning of childbirth?

A) The emergence of baby from the birth canal
B) The rush of warm liquid from the vagina
C) The movement of the fetus into the vagina
D) The occurrence of regular uterine contractions

Question 7

The Apgar scale is a measure used to assess the health of the mother after she has given birth.

Question 8

The strongest predictor of whether a practitioner will choose to use episiotomy is the condition of the mother and baby.

Question 9

General anesthesia strengthens uterine contractions and increases the responsiveness of the neonate shortly after birth

Question 10

Sudden infant death syndrome refers to the death, while sleeping, of apparently healthy babies who stop breathing.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of the Braxton-Hicks contractions?

A) They may be experienced as early as the sixth month of pregnancy.
B) They decrease in frequency as pregnancy progresses.
C) They stimulate the uterus and placenta to secrete prostaglandins.
D) They dilate the cervix to allow the baby to pass during delivery.

Question 12

The Lamaze method has been shown to reduce fear and pain during childbirth.

Question 13

With a pudenal block, anesthesia is injected into the spinal cord, temporarily numbing the body below the waist.

Question 14

Preterm infants who are cuddled, rocked, talked to, and sung to tend to do better than those preterm infants who are left alone.

Question 15

Transition occurs at the end of the first stage of labor.

Question 16

An infant is born in the third stage of childbirth.

Question 17

Postpartum depression, a serious maternal depression following delivery, is characterized by sadness, apathy, and feelings of worthlessness.

Question 18

Oxytocin, which stimulates contractions powerful enough to expel the baby, is released from the:​

A) cervix.
B) pituitary gland.
C) pineal gland.
D) medulla.

Question 19

When a baby is low in birth weight, even though it is born at full term, it is referred to as being small for gestational age.

Question 20

Newborns spend about half their sleep time in REM sleep.

Question 21

During a breech presentation, the prolonged constriction of the umbilical cord may occur as:​

A) the tiny air sacs in the baby's lungs stick together without expanding.
B) the umbilical cord dries and falls off on its own.
C) the baby's body presses the umbilical cord against the birth canal.
D) the baby does not receive enough oxygen in utero to develop properly.

Question 22

Which of the following terms refers to the absence of oxygen?​

A) Hypoxia
B) Hypoxemia
C) Toxemia
D) Anoxia

Question 23

Which of the following disorders refers to the weak and irregular breathing that is typical of preterm babies?​

A) Respiratory distress syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Asperger's syndrome

Question 24

The use of the Lamaze method during labor results in:​

A) the rupturing of previous surgical incisions on the mother's body.
B) the reduced levels of labor pain and medication.
C) the numbing of the mother's body below the waist.
D) the reduced responsiveness of the baby shortly after birth.

Question 25

In the context of the relation between parents and preterm infants, which of the following statements is true?​

A) The demands of preterm babies are lesser than those of full-term babies.
B) Most mothers of preterm babies report feeling closer and attached to their babies.
C) Fear of hurting preterm babies discourages parents from handling them.
D) Parents often treat preterm babies better than they treat full-term babies.

Question 26

Which of the following is a disadvantage of performing an episiotomy?​

A) It reduces the responsiveness of the baby shortly after birth.
B) The incision may cause itching and discomfort as it heals.
C) It leads to the transmission of viruses that cause genital herpes and AIDS.
D) The incision may rupture during a subsequent vaginal delivery.

Question 27

Which of the following scenarios describes a mother suffering from postpartum depression?​

A) Kate feels that her room is full of poisonous snakes trying to kill her child.
B) Rebecca feels hopeless and insignificant after delivering twins.
C) Angelina feels that a stranger is instructing her to kill her child.
D) Meera feels that her infant daughter is possessed by the devil.

Question 28

_____ refers to the typical 9-month period from conception to childbirth.

A) Preterm
B) Postpartum period
C) Term
D) Critical period

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of small-for-gestational-age babies?​

A) They remain taller than their age-mates.
B) They are more attentive as compared with their age-mates.
C) They show slight delays in learning as compared with their age-mates.
D) They tend to be heavier than their age-mates.

Question 30

Prolonged cutoff of the baby's oxygen supply during delivery can cause:

A) Turner syndrome
B) autism
C) Down syndrome
D) cerebral palsy

Question 31

Which of the following events occurs in the second stage of labor?​

A) The uterine contractions stretch the skin surrounding the birth canal and propel the baby along.
B) The placenta and uterus secrete prostaglandins which stimulate uterine contractions.
C) The placenta separates from the uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal.
D) The blood vessels in the birth canal rupture leading to the appearance of blood in vaginal secretions.

Question 32

During labor, mucus is suctioned from the baby's mouth in order to:

A) resuscitate the baby back to consciousness.
B) increase the baby's heartbeat.
C) prevent any infection that might affect the baby.
D) clear the passageway for breathing from any obstructions.

Question 33

A newborn baby is given a Vitamin K injection to:​

A) prevent bacterial infections.
B) regulate its heart rate and pulse
C) help its blood clot properly if it bleeds.
D) prevent any involuntary bowel movement.

Question 34

Which of the following is a similarity between an epidural block and a spinal block employed during delivery?​

A) Both temporarily numb the mother's body below the waist.
B) Both produce depressing effects on infants that last for a long time.
C) Both use general anesthetics to achieve the anesthetic effect.
D) Both reduce the chances of infection during delivery.

Question 35

According to the American Psychiatric Association, which of the following refers to the periods of tearfulness, sadness, and irritability experienced by mothers following delivery?

A) Baby blues
B) Postpartum psychosis
C) Generalized anxiety
D) Anorexia

Question 36

A(n) _____ refers to an infant from birth through the first four weeks of life.

A) embryo
B) fetus
C) neonate
D) toddler

Question 37

Which of the following terms refers to buttocks-first childbirth?​

A) Premature birth
B) Breech presentation
C) Prepared childbirth
D) Normal delivery

Question 38

One of the reasons for performing a cesarean section for delivery is to:​

A) avoid the use of an anesthesia.
B) reduce the use of medication during labor.
C) enable women to control the time of the delivery.
D) prevent any involuntary bowel movement.

Question 39

Maya is in labor and decides to use a local anesthetic to manage her labor pain. Her obstetrician injects an anesthetic into her vagina, and she loses the sensation around that area. Which of the following uses of local anesthesia is employed in this scenario?​

A) An epidural block
B) A pudendal block
C) A spinal block
D) A femoral nerve block

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of the kangaroo care given to preterm infants?​

A) It stimulates infants and improves their physical and mental health.
B) It requires infants to be provided with a steady supply of oxygen.
C) It intensifies mothers' feelings of incompetence and guilt.
D) It places infants in a temperature-controlled environment.

Question 41

Which of the following is a measure of a newborn's health that assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity level, and respiratory effort?

A) The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment scale
B) The Wechsler scale
C) The Binet-Simon scale
D) The Apgar scale

Question 42

In the Apgar scale, the criteria of grimace evaluates the _____ of infants.

A) muscle tone
B) reflex irritability
C) heart beat
D) color

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of the palmar reflex observed in infants?

A) It is replaced by voluntary grasping within five to six months of age.
B) It facilitates finding the mother's nipple in preparation for sucking.
C) It begins three months after the birth of the baby.
D) It can be elicited by loud noises and sudden movements.

Question 44

Postpartum depression is caused due to:

A) a sudden drop in estrogen levels.
B) a decrease in metabolism levels.
C) the lack of bonding between parents and infants.
D) the use of anesthetics during delivery.

Question 45

In the palmar reflex, the child:​

A) turns the mouth and head toward a stimulus that stokes the cheek or the corner of the mouth.
B) fans the toes when the soles of the feet are stroked.
C) grasps objects that are kept on his or her palms.
D) takes steps when held under the arms and leans forward so that the feet press the ground.

Question 46

Which of the following is a similarity between postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety?​

A) Both produce delusional thoughts about the infant in the mothers' mind.
B) Both are characterized by command hallucinations that are dangerous to mothers and infants.
C) Both are caused by high levels of estrogen in the mother's body.
D) Both are characterized by an obsessive concern for the well-being of infants.

Question 47

Mothers with _____ experience command hallucinations.

A) postpartum anxiety
B) postpartum psychosis
C) postpartum depression
D) postpartum blues

Question 48

_____ solutions have a calming effect on neonates.

A) Sweet
B) Bitter
C) Salty
D) Sour

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true about the bonding between parents and their newborn children?​

A) The postpartum depression experienced by mothers delays the development of parent-infant bonding.
B) The extended early contact between parents and infants is crucial in the development of parent-infant bonding.
C) The parents of many adopted children fail to develop a deep bond with them.
D) The parent-infant bonding is a simple process which involves just the desire to have a child.

Question 50

Which of the following visual capabilities do neonates lack?

A) The ability to track movement
B) The ability to see objects that are about five inches from their eyes
C) The ability to adjust the lens to focus on objects
D) The ability to respond actively to visual stimuli

Question 51

Which of the following scenarios describes the rooting reflex?​

A) Jane curls her fingers around her mother's fingers placed on her palm.
B) Abdul takes steps when his uncle holds him under the arm.
C) Nia turns her head to the left when her cousin touches her left cheek.
D) Ruby flings her arms and draws them back when she is startled by the sound of a car horn.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of infantile reflexes?

A) They provide information about infants' neural functioning.
B) They disappear within hours after birth.
C) They are produced by infants' complex thought processes.
D) They are replaced by corresponding involuntary actions.

Question 53

In which of the following reflexes does the baby arch the back, fling out the arms and legs, and draw them back to the chest in response to a sudden noise or change in position?​

A) The rooting reflex
B) The Moro reflex
C) The grasping reflex
D) The Babinski reflex

Question 54

In which of the following methods of learning are neonates' involuntary responses conditioned to new stimuli?​

A) Classical conditioning
B) Social learning
C) Observational learning
D) Operant conditioning

Question 55

Which of the following is a symptom of postpartum psychosis in women?​

A) Delusional thoughts about the infant
B) Reduced heart rate and blood pressure
C) An increase in sexual arousal
D) An obsessive concern with the well-being of babies

Question 56

A(n) _____ is defined as an unlearned, stereotypical response to a stimulus.

A) reflex
B) emotion
C) intuition
D) mnemonic

Question 57

Which of the following features of an infant is assessed using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale?​

A) Adaptive behavior
B) Activity level
C) Muscle tone
D) Heart beat

Question 58

Which of the following observations on parent-infant bonding was made in the controversial research led by Klaus and Kennell?​

A)Extended parent-infant contact is required during the first hours postpartum in order to foster bonding.
B) Parent-infant bonding is a simple process involving just the desire to have a child.
C) Serious maternal depression can delay bonding with newborns.
D) A history of rejection by parents can interfere with women's bonding with their own children.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of women who experience postpartum depression?​

A) They profit from social support and counseling.
B) They experience command hallucinations.
C) They neglect their infant's needs and requirements.
D) They develop delusional thoughts about the infant.

Question 60

Which of the following is a similarity between the rooting reflex and the grasping reflex observed in infants?​

A) Both can be elicited by loud noises, bumping the baby's crib or jerking the baby's blanket.
B) Both are replaced by corresponding voluntary actions as the infant grows up.
C) Both facilitate finding the mother's nipple in preparation for sucking.
D) Both require infants to use only four fingers to respond to the stimuli.

Question 61

During labor, the placenta and uterus secrete _________, which excite the muscles of the uterus to have contractions.
A. triglycerides
B. phospholipids
C. serotonins
D. prostaglandins

Question 62

Do infant cries mean different things? Explain briefly.

Question 63

Babies who are born weighing under _________ pounds are considered to be of low birth weight.
A. 7.5
B. 5.5
C. 6.5
D. 8.5

Question 64

Briefly describe how vision and hearing function at birth.

Question 65

Explain some of the risks faced by low-birth-weight babies.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true of infant sleep patterns?​

A) They are characterized by stretches of sleep lasting up to seven hours.
B) They are similar to the sleep patterns in adults.
C) They are uniform in infants across the world.
D) They are inconsistent and change as the child ages.

Question 67

Describe the different methods of childbirth.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true of infants' cries?

A) Their patterns are different from infant to infant.
B) They usually take a long time to be understood by parents.
C) Their pitch and duration are uniform across babies.
D) They are mainly related to the experience of pain.

Question 69

In the context of postpartum psychological problems faced by mothers, _________ is characterized by delusional thoughts about the infant that place the infant at risk of injury or death.
A. postpartum depression
B. postpartum anxiety
C. postpartum psychosis
D. postpartum blues

Question 70

_________ refers to pain resulting from gas or other sources of distress in the digestive tract in babies.
A. Thush
B. Colic
C. Anoxia
D. Hypoxia

Question 71

With a(n) _________, anesthesia is injected into the mother's spinal canal, temporarily numbing the body below the waist.
A. pineal block
B. epidural block
C. pudendal block
D. medullary block

Question 72

Briefly describe the three stages of childbirth.

Question 73

Daria, a three-week-old infant, is resting quietly in her crib. Her eyes are open and she breathes regularly. She also looks around but shows little body movement. In this scenario, Daria is in the state of _____.

A) quiet sleep
B) alert inactivity
C) drowsiness
D) active sleep

Question 74

Which of the following parts of the brain has been found to be affected in children with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?​

A) The cerebellum
B) The medulla
C) The thalamus
D) The hypothalamus

Question 75

_________ is the method that provides the woman in labor with continuous information as to what is happening with various bodily functions.
A. Hypnosis
B. Prepared childbirth
C. Natural childbirth
D. Biofeedback

Question 76

_________ is the chemical in the body that has a role in the development of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
A. Serotonin
B. Adrenalin
C. Dopamine
D. Testosterone

Question 77

In the context of soothing infants, which of the following statements is true?​

A) One needs to hold infants continuously so that they do not get distressed.
B) Infants need to be left alone and will soothe themselves.
C) Infants can be soothed by speaking to them in low voices or offering a pacifier.
D) Soothing requirements are the same for every infant.

Question 78

A(n) _________ is a heated, protective container for premature infants.
A. crib
B. incubator
C. bedpan
D. ventilator

Question 79

_________ is the formation of parent-infant attachment.
A. Bonding
B. Transition
C. Episiotomy
D. Convergence

Question 80

During labor, _________ is said to have taken place when the baby's head emerges from the birth canal.
A. transition
B. anoxia
C. crowning
D. hypoxia