Deck 4: Birth

Question 1

Holly Brooks has just received a call from Lisa,one of her clients,informing her that she is in labor and will be arriving at the hospital shortly.Holly changes her plans for the day and reaches the hospital to assist Lisa throughout her labor.She reminds Lisa of all the relaxation techniques they had practiced,and she provides her with support and encouragement when the pain becomes intolerable for Lisa.She also communicates Lisa's needs and concerns to the doctor delivering her baby.Once the baby is born,Holly places the baby on Lisa's chest and smiles.Holly is most likely to be Lisa's

A)obstetrician.
B)gynecologist.
C)doula.
D)emergency physician.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following events happens during the afterbirth stage?

A)The baby emerges from the mother's body.
B)The mother receives oxytocic medications.
C)The baby is assessed for any life-threatening conditions.
D)The placenta,umbilical cord,and other membranes are expelled.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the third stage of birth?

A)It lasts a few hours.
B)It is the longest stage.
C)It lasts only minutes.
D)It is commonly referred to as the postpartum period.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding research on doulas?

A)Researchers have found positive effects when a doula is present at the birth of a child.
B)Compared with physicians,doulas generally spend less time with each patient.
C)Doula-supported mothers show increased signs of depression in the postpartum period.
D)Research has shown a negligible correlation between doulas and childbirth outcomes.

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of babies are delivered by midwives in Holland?

A)more than 5 percent
B)more than 10 percent
C)more than 25 percent
D)more than 40 percent

Question 6

After birth is the ________ stage in the birth process.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 7

The major activity of the third birth stage is the

A)emergence of the baby from the mother's body.
B)dilation of the cervix and rupture of the amniotic sac.
C)movement of the baby through the birth canal.
D)expulsion of the placenta,umbilical cord,and other membranes.

Question 8

Approximately what percentage of babies were delivered by midwives in the United States in 2017?

A)5 percent
B)8 percent
C)22 percent
D)30 percent

Question 9

The ________ stage of the birth process is the longest one.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 10

Abby's husband and doula are holding Abby's hands and constantly encouraging her to bear down a little harder.Abby's husband has just told her that he can already see the face of their baby and with just a little more effort,the birth process would be complete.Abby is in the ________ stage of birth.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)final

Question 11

During which stage of the birth process does the baby pass through the birth canal?

A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage

Question 12

The second stage of birth begins when the

A)baby's head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal.
B)cervix begins to stretch and open to about 4 inches to facilitate the baby's movement.
C)placenta emerges from the mother's body.
D)baby completely emerges from the mother's body.

Question 13

The birth process occurs in ________ stages.

A)two
B)five
C)three
D)four

Question 14

Recent studies have shown that the presence of a doula before and after delivery

A)can inflate the costs of healthcare.
B)has led to a significant reduction in the rates of cesarean deliveries.
C)is only important if other family members can't be present.
D)leads to a higher percentage of induced labors.

Question 15

Compared with physicians,certified nurse-midwives generally

A)spend less time with women during prenatal visits.
B)place less emphasis on counseling and education.
C)provide more emotional support.
D)work on high-risk pregnancies.

Question 16

A(n)________ takes care of a woman giving birth by providing continuous physical,emotional,and educational support before,during,and after childbirth.

A)registered nurse
B)doula
C)obstetrician
D)physician

Question 17

At which stage of the birth process is the amniotic sac most likely to rupture?

A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage

Question 18

The ________ birth stage terminates when the baby completely emerges from the mother's body.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 19

All of the following are associated with doula-assisted pregnancies EXCEPT

A)fewer birth complications.
B)fewer low birth weight infants.
C)fewer cesarean deliveries.
D)fewer people in the delivery room.

Question 20

Which of the following is a feature of the first stage of birth?

A)contractions expelling the baby's head from the mother's body
B)contractions causing the cervix to stretch and dilate to about 4 inches
C)contractions expelling the umbilical cord from the uterus
D)contractions detaching and expelling the placenta and other membranes

Question 21

Keesha is very keen on staying alert and conscious throughout the delivery process,but she is experiencing a lot of pain in her upper back and neck during her labor.Her doctor suggests that the best option for her would be to receive a(n)________ to relieve her pain and retain awareness throughout the delivery.

A)oxytocic medication
B)analgesic
C)epidural block
D)oral anesthetic

Question 22

If the delivery takes too long,the baby can develop

A)anesthesia.
B)anorexia.
C)anoxia.
D)alexia.

Question 23

Carlotta has just been told that her baby is in a breech position.This means that the

A)baby's head is crowning and the birth is progressing naturally.
B)baby's potential respiratory problems need to be considered.
C)baby is most likely to emerge head first,followed by the body.
D)baby's position is typical and complications are unlikely to occur.

Question 24

Katy,who is expecting her first baby,is in the 42nd week of her pregnancy.Her doctor has recommended that she be given ________ to induce uterine contractions.

A)analgesics
B)anesthetics
C)diuretics
D)oxytocics

Question 25

Keesha is experiencing a lot of pain during her labor.Which of the following medications is her doctor likely to use in order to numb Keesha's body from the waist down?

A)oxytocin
B)general anesthesia
C)epidural block
D)terbutaline

Question 26

The obstetrician has suggested that Whitney opt for a cesarean section to deliver her baby.Which of the following would be a good reason for Whitney's doctor to recommend a cesarean section?

A)Whitney's baby was positioned in such a way that he/she would emerge normally.
B)Whitney was experiencing severe vaginal bleeding.
C)Whitney's baby was in no risk of respiratory complications and anoxia.
D)Whitney was 39 weeks pregnant.

Question 27

Which of the following is a trend gaining popularity in the use of medication for childbirth in the United States?

A)There is a complete avoidance of any medication during childbirth,as it is considered harmful for the baby and the mother.
B)General anesthesia is increasingly used to provide a pain-free childbirth.
C)There is moderate use of medication combined with techniques of natural or prepared childbirth.
D)Narcotics,tranquilizers,and epidural blocks are increasingly used for women in labor,as they are medically safe in high doses.

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to anesthesia?

A)Anesthesia is mostly used in late second-stage labor.
B)Anesthesia is used to stimulate contractions.
C)General anesthesia can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta.
D)A general anesthesia is a regional anesthesia that numbs only the lower half of the mother's body.

Question 29

________ are drugs that are used to relieve pain.

A)Diuretics
B)Analgesics
C)Antiemetics
D)Antihistamines

Question 30

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to a cesarean delivery?

A)It is performed when the baby's head comes through the vagina first.
B)Cesarean deliveries are rarely conducted in hospitals today.
C)It involves the baby being removed from the mother's uterus through an incision made in her abdomen.
D)Elective cesarean delivery is medically safe from 32 weeks of gestation onward unless there is an indication of fetal lung maturity.

Question 31

Which of the following factors is NOT emphasized by prepared childbirth methods?

A)relaxation
B)education
C)medication
D)support

Question 32

Katy is having her first child.The first birth stage has already gone past 16 hours and yet,Katy's cervix has dilated only about 3 inches.Her doctor has recommended that she be given ________ to speed up the labor process.

A)analgesics
B)anesthetics
C)diuretics
D)oxytocics

Question 33

The prepared childbirth method,which involves a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor,was developed by

A)Grantly Dick-Read.
B)Ferdinand Lamaze.
C)T)Berry Brazelton.
D)Tiffany Field.

Question 34

The highest rate of cesarean sections is performed in

A)Brazil.
B)France.
C)Germany.
D)the United States.

Question 35

After discovering that they were expecting their first baby,Mark and Maxine began looking for ways in which they could prepare for the birth.Maxine was insistent that she did not want to be heavily medicated during the delivery.The couple agreed that they would prefer learning certain self-regulatory behaviors rather than relying on medications to make the birth easier.In order to do so,they enrolled in classes that coached them extensively in the physiology and anatomy of the birth process.They also learned to practice a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor.With this knowledge and Mark's support and encouragement,Maxine was able to deliver a healthy full-term baby without any medical or surgical interventions.From this scenario,we can say that Mark and Maxine opted for a(n)________ in order to have their baby.

A)cesarean section
B)prepared childbirth approach
C)waterbirth approach
D)induced labor approach

Question 36

Natural childbirth is a method that was developed in 1914 by

A)Grantly Dick-Read.
B)Ferdinand Lamaze.
C)T)Berry Brazelton.
D)Tiffany Field.

Question 37

Norah is in the hospital in the 41st week of her first pregnancy.She has just been informed that her baby is lying crosswise in her uterus.The doctor also added that the baby has some respiratory irregularities.Which of the following is the doctor most likely to recommend?

A)giving Norah a general anesthesia to ease the childbirth process
B)recommending that Norah wait a bit longer before inducing labor
C)conducting a cesarean section for Norah's baby at the earliest possible time
D)inducing labor and helping Norah through a natural childbirth

Question 38

Oxytocin is a synthetic hormone that

A)stimulates contractions.
B)reduces the mother's pain.
C)relaxes the baby.
D)slows down the childbirth process.

Question 39

Natural childbirth and prepared childbirth are different from each other in that

A)natural childbirth places special emphasis on the doula's role during labor.
B)prepared childbirth places special emphasis on the doctor's role during labor.
C)natural childbirth focuses more on medical and surgical interventions.
D)prepared childbirth focuses more on anatomy and physiology.

Question 40

Natural childbirth aims to reduce the mother's pain by

A)reducing her fears and increasing her ability to relax.
B)encouraging women to opt for cesarean deliveries.
C)easing the birth process with the use of anesthetics.
D)increasing the duration of the labor and childbirth process.

Question 41

After Brenda's difficult and prolonged labor,she and her husband,Phil,observed as their baby was given a test and then rapidly shifted to the neonatal intensive care unit.They were informed that the baby required urgent medical help as indicated by the Apgar Scale.The baby's total Apgar Scale score is most likely to fall in the range of ________.

A)0-3
B)5-7
C)7-8
D)9-10

Question 42

By the time Taylor reached the hospital toward the end of the 38th week of conception,her baby had already moved down the birth canal and a cesarean section could not be conducted.Taylor had an extremely difficult and prolonged labor,as her baby was in breech position.After doctors had successfully delivered Taylor's baby,they had to wait a bit before the baby cried.The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was conducted the next day,and the baby obtained a very low score.Which of the following is TRUE with regard to Taylor's baby?

A)The baby's neurological competence is satisfactory.
B)The baby has brain damage or healable brain stress.
C)The baby was preterm,as it was born in the 38th week of gestation.
D)The baby is highly unlikely to be an "at-risk" infant.

Question 43

An extremely low birth weight infant weighs less than ________ pounds at birth.

A)3)5
B)4)0
C)5)5
D)2)0

Question 44

The Apgar Scale rates infants' responses in the areas of heart rate and respiratory effort as well as

A)muscle tone,motor maturity,and appearance.
B)muscle tone,reflex irritability,and body color.
C)body color,motor maturity,and reflex irritability.
D)body color,muscle tone,and motor maturity.

Question 45

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is typically performed

A)within the first five minutes after birth.
B)within 24 to 36 hours after birth.
C)between 1 to 3 years of age.
D)immediately after birth,and only for "at-risk" infants.

Question 46

A low birth weight infant weighs less than ________ pounds at birth.

A)3)5
B)4)0
C)5)5
D)2)0

Question 47

Which of the following measures of neonatal health and responsiveness is typically performed within 24 to 36 hours after birth?

A)Apgar Scale
B)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
C)Bayley Scales of Infant Development
D)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Question 48

When babies are born,they are covered with a protective skin grease called

A)Wharton's jelly.
B)vernix caseosa.
C)meconium.
D)lanugo.

Question 49

A very low birth weight infant weighs less than ________ pounds at birth.

A)3)5
B)4)0
C)5)5
D)2)0

Question 50

A recent study demonstrated that the risk of developing ADHD for newborns with an Apgar score of 1 to 4 was how much higher than the risk for newborns with an Apgar Score of 9 or 10?

A)75 percent
B)89 percent
C)38 percent
D)20 percent

Question 51

Laura had informed her doctor that she wanted to have a natural birth without too many medical and surgical interventions,right in the beginning of her pregnancy.However,the doctor has just informed Laura's husband that the delivery is taking too long.With this in mind,the hospital wants her husband to give consent for an emergency cesarean section.Which of the following is MOST likely to happen to the baby if Laura's husband refuses to give consent for the cesarean section?

A)cord around neck
B)anoxia
C)complications of cesarean section
D)hyperglycemia

Question 52

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is primarily used to determine a newborn's

A)attachment styles with parents and other caregivers.
B)neurological development,reflexes,and reactions to people and objects.
C)socioemotional ability and cognitive development.
D)physiological growth and bonding ability.

Question 53

Which of the following instruments provides the most comprehensive analysis of a newborn's behavior,neurological and stress responses,and regulatory capacities?

A)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
B)Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale
C)Apgar Scale
D)Preterm Stimulation Assessment Scale

Question 54

Which of the following differentiates between the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)?

A)The NBAS must be used within minutes after birth to be accurate,while the NNNS can be used for infants between 0 and 3 years of age.
B)The NBAS was developed to assess normal,healthy,full-term infants,while the NNNS was developed to assess the "at-risk" infant.
C)The NBAS can be used in conjunction with prenatal diagnostic tests,while the NNNS can be used only after the birth of the baby.
D)The NBAS is used only for low birth weight infants,while the NNNS is used for preterm and small for date infants.

Question 55

The Apgar Scale involves newborns receiving a score of 0,1,or 2 on five health signs,with a score of at least ________ required to assume that the newborn's condition is good.

A)5
B)3
C)7
D)10

Question 56

Which of the following is used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth?

A)Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
B)Apgar Scale
C)Fagan Test
D)Denver Developmental Screening Test

Question 57

During the birth process,the baby's body secretes large quantities of ________ to help the baby withstand the stress of birth.

A)oxytocin and Pitocin
B)vernix caseosa and Wharton's jelly
C)prostaglandins
D)adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 58

A total Apgar score of ________ indicates there may be developmental difficulties.

A)5-7
B)4-6
C)7-8
D)9-10

Question 59

Immediately after Renée delivered her baby boy,the nurse took the baby to the doctor for an assessment of the various aspects of the newborn's functioning that may signal developmental problems.The doctor rated the newborn's heart rate,respiratory effort,body color,reflex irritability,and muscle tone on a scale of 0-2,and the cumulative rating was used to pronounce the baby healthy.The doctor is using the ________ here.

A)Apgar Scale
B)Preterm Outcome Scale
C)Denver Developmental Screening Test
D)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Question 60

Which of the following is thought to help protect the baby's skin against heat loss before and during birth?

A)sebum
B)vernix caseosa
C)meconium
D)Wharton's jelly

Question 61

Taylor had a preterm baby born in the 36th week of conception.Taylor has been asked to hold her preterm infant against her bare chest for three hours a day so that there is skin-to-skin contact.This is an example of

A)acupuncture.
B)cognitive behavioral therapy.
C)the Lamaze method.
D)kangaroo care.

Question 62

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in your text as an area that requires maternal and paternal adjustments during the postpartum period?

A)emotional
B)psychological
C)physical
D)financial

Question 63

The period after childbirth when the mother adjusts,both physically and psychologically,to the process of childbearing is called the ________ period.

A)parturition
B)gestation
C)postpartum
D)neonatal

Question 64

In developed countries,low birth weight stems mainly from

A)the young age of mothers.
B)lack of exercise by mothers.
C)cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
D)mothers' poor health and nutrition.

Question 65

Julie,who was scheduled to have her baby in the last week of November,has delivered her baby eight weeks before the scheduled due date in the last week of September.Doctors have reassured her that the baby stands a good chance of survival because it has gained weight well during the pregnancy and its heart and lung functions are responding well to medical help.Julie's baby is a(n)________ baby.

A)very low birth weight
B)small for date
C)extremely preterm
D)very preterm infant

Question 66

Sarah's husband is taking her for sessions with a therapist,as they have recently lost their first child.The baby,born at the 27th week of conception,was treated with life-saving drugs and placed in the incubator with life support,but it succumbed on the second day in the neonatal intensive care unit.Sarah's baby was a(n)

A)extremely preterm infant.
B)breech baby.
C)very preterm infant.
D)full term infant.

Question 67

Marlena gave birth to a low birth weight infant.Each day Marlena spends two to three hours with her infant in a diaper held upright against her bare chest.As a result of this practice,we can predict that Marlena's infant will

A)become co-dependent on Marlena during the teenage years.
B)gain weight more rapidly.
C)form an insecure attachment to Marlena.
D)show delays in her neurological functioning.

Question 68

Infant Cicily was born extremely low birth weight,but she has received kangaroo care for the last four months.What physiological benefits is infant Cicily likely to display?

A)increased weight gain
B)more stable heart rate
C)improved respiratory functioning
D)all of these

Question 69

Which synthetic hormone has been used by physicians to try to reduce preterm births?

A)oxytocin
B)vasopressin
C)progestin
D)leptin

Question 70

Babies are considered preterm if they are born

A)between 37 to 39 weeks of gestation.
B)between the 39th and 40th week of gestation.
C)between 40 to 42 weeks of gestation.
D)before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 71

Kyle was born 34 weeks after conception and weighed about six pounds.He was a

A)preterm baby.
B)low birth weight infant.
C)small for date infant.
D)full-term infant.

Question 72

Recent studies have identified all the following benefits associated with kangaroo care for infants EXCEPT

A)decreased pain.
B)more rapid weight gain.
C)increased neurological maturation.
D)increased difficulties with their homeostasis processes.

Question 73

Very preterm infants are those born between ________ weeks of gestation.

A)33 and 36
B)28 and 33
C)25 and 28
D)36 and 38

Question 74

Niam and Sarah had a preterm baby,born only 34 weeks into conception.Doctors have informed the couple that their baby has a weak heart and is receiving medications to stabilize his condition.They have also stressed the fact that because the baby was born much earlier than desirable,some of his basic functions like breathing,heart rate,and body temperature are not well regulated.In addition to medication,they are likely to recommend ________ to help in stabilizing this baby's condition.

A)the Lamaze method
B)acupuncture
C)kangaroo care
D)schema therapy

Question 75

In the developing world,low birth weight stems mainly from

A)the high age of mothers.
B)lack of exercise by mothers.
C)excessive smoking by fathers.
D)mothers' poor health and nutrition.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)All preterm babies are also low birth weight babies.
B)Low birth weight and preterm birth (together)are associated with higher levels of brain injury.
C)The reasons for low birth weight are constant across developed and developing countries.
D)No amount of remedial enrichment programs can reverse the negative outcomes of low birth weight.

Question 77

Which individual has the highest chance of giving birth to a preterm infant?

A)a White female
B)a non-Latino female
C)an African American female
D)They all have equal probabilities of giving birth to a preterm infant.

Question 78

Two increasingly used interventions to nurture preterm babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)are

A)acupuncture and waterbirth.
B)hypnosis and music therapy.
C)kangaroo care and massage therapy.
D)music therapy and incubation.

Question 79

________ therapy for preterm infants has been linked to improved weight gain and a three- to six-day earlier discharge from the hospital.

A)Dismissal
B)Massage
C)Hydro
D)Physical

Question 80

Which hormone is released as a result of massage therapy given to preterm infants?

A)progesterone
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)insulin