Deck 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory

Question 1

In the context of the needs-hierarchy theory,Maslow states that a need:

A) has to be fully satisfied before the next need in the hierarchy becomes important.
B) does not have to be fully satisfied before the next need in the hierarchy becomes important.
C) motivates a person's behavior even after it has been gratified.
D) does not have a hereditary component.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the context of the needs-hierarchy theory,physiological and safety needs arise in _____.

A) adulthood
B) adolescence
C) midlife
D) infancy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

By developing a humanistic approach to psychology,Maslow wanted to demonstrate that:

A) the collective unconscious rules our past and also affects our future.
B) the power of the past influences the present and free will is inconsequential to our lives.
C) people are capable of displaying better behavior than prejudice,hatred,and aggression.
D) an individual's illnesses are positively correlated to their genetic capacity.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Maslow believed that people,in general,are driven by:

A) inherited ways of need fulfillment.
B) all the needs at the same time.
C) higher needs such as esteem and self-actualization.
D) only one dominant need at any point of time.

Question 5

In the context of Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,satisfaction of higher needs:

A) ensures actual survival of a person.
B) leads to happiness,contentment,and fulfillment.
C) is independent of social,economic,and political circumstances.
D) is necessary in the early stages of life.

Question 6

Maslow called higher needs _____.

A) growth or being needs
B) deficit or deficiency needs
C) critical needs
D) biological needs

Question 7

Maslow's theory is derived from:

A) the study of both animal and human behavior.
B) case histories of clinical patients.
C) the study of conditioned responses through behaviorism.
D) research on independent,self-sufficient,and fulfilled adults.

Question 8

According to Maslow,belongingness and esteem needs arise in _____.

A) adolescence
B) infancy
C) childhood
D) old age

Question 9

Maslow criticized psychoanalysis because:

A) it focused only on society's outstanding personalities.
B) it studied only abnormal or emotionally disturbed examples of humanity.
C) it tortured animals during experiments.
D) it studied materialism instead of spirituality.

Question 10

Abraham Maslow was associated with _____ psychology.

A) psychoanalytic
B) individual
C) behaviorist
D) humanistic

Question 11

In his needs-hierarchy theory,Maslow described the needs as instinctoid,which means that:

A) the needs are acquired.
B) the needs have a hereditary component.
C) the needs have the same significance for all individuals.
D) the needs are less essential for actual survival.

Question 12

Maslow's teenage was characterized by:

A) a consistent and compulsive drug abuse.
B) happy and joyful moments.
C) a huge inferiority complex.
D) numerous friendships.

Question 13

Maslow's training in experimental psychology included:

A) study of stimuli that stimulate or dampen hostility of children toward their parents.
B) study of war veterans dealing with post-traumatic stress.
C) work on dominance and sexual behavior in primates.
D) work on the behavioral manifestations of collective unconscious in our daily lives.

Question 14

Identify an accurate statement about Maslow's family.

A) Maslow did not have any siblings.
B) Maslow's parents were highly educated and affluent.
C) Maslow's mother was his only friend during childhood.
D) Maslow's father was aloof and periodically abandoned his wife and children.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow's childhood and adolescence?

A) Books and education gave Maslow an escape from his ghetto of poverty and loneliness.
B) Maslow's athletic achievements gave him a sense of accomplishment.
C) Maslow was exceptional in his studies and his grades were consistently high.
D) Being the only child,Maslow was showered with affection by his parents.

Question 16

According to Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,hungry people are preoccupied with satisfying their _____ needs.

A) self-actualization
B) physiological
C) belongingness
D) esteem

Question 17

At the University of Wisconsin,Maslow was delighted by the concept of behavior psychology by _____.

A) John B.Watson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Jung
D) Henry Murray

Question 18

Which of the following reasons brought about a profound shift in Maslow's thinking and deviated him from behaviorism?

A) The torture of monkeys during the experiments in graduation
B) Detailed study of Freud's work and appreciation for psychoanalysis
C) Deep religious convictions of his parents and his marriage to Bertha
D) The start of World War II and the birth of his first child

Question 19

According to Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,which of the following is true of higher needs?

A) They are weaker than lower needs.
B) They arise later in life.
C) They are less necessary than lower needs for actual survival.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

The key idea in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that:

A) the order of the needs in the hierarchy is the same for all individuals.
B) the behaviors used to satisfy the needs are innate.
C) the lower needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher needs become influential.
D) the higher needs are the strongest of all the needs in the hierarchy.

Question 21

In the context of Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,all of the following are physiological needs except the need for _____.

A) food
B) sleep
C) friendship
D) water

Question 22

According to Maslow's theory,metamotivation refers to:

A) the motivation of self-actualizers.
B) constantly changing motivation.
C) the motivation driven by deficiency.
D) extrinsic motivation.

Question 23

Maslow states that metamotivation is a condition in which self-actualizers:

A) seek to satisfy a deficiency.
B) are said to be fulfilling a particular goal.
C) are motivated by external rewards.
D) are said to be developing from within.

Question 24

According to Maslow,which of the following is true of the self-actualization need?

A) Self-actualization is limited to creative and intellectual superstars.
B) It refers to the need to know and understand.
C) It exists outside the hierarchy.
D) Failure to become self-actualizing causes a person to become restless and discontent.

Question 25

The needs to know and to understand,as proposed by Maslow,are:

A) innate and do not have to be taught.
B) independent of the original five-need hierarchy.
C) acquired and hence need to be groomed through training.
D) less essential for complete personality development.

Question 26

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following is true of lower needs?

A)They are stronger than the higher needs.
B)They are called deficiency needs.
C)Failure to satisfy lower needs produces a crisis.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 27

Maslow proposed a second set of innate needs called the _____,which exist outside the hierarchy.

A) prestige needs
B) aggressive needs
C) cognitive needs
D) self-actualization needs

Question 28

As stated by Maslow,which of the following is true of the cognitive needs?

A) They are acquired needs.
B) Failure to satisfy the cognitive needs is harmful and hampers the full development of the personality.
C) They do not appear until middle age.
D) Satisfaction of the cognitive needs is necessary for the actual survival of children.

Question 29

According to Maslow,studies concerning the existence of cognitive needs suggest that emotionally healthy adults:

A) consider cognitive needs to be more important than physiological needs.
B) are wise enough to place the safety needs before cognitive needs.
C) are motivated to improve their knowledge about unexplained events.
D) refrain themselves from exploring mysterious events.

Question 30

Maslow believed that the needs for safety and security are important drives for _____.

A) infants and neurotic adults
B) successful older adults
C) ambitious adolescents
D) emotionally healthy adults

Question 31

Identify a true statement about Maslow's perspective of self-actualizers.

A) Self-actualizers evolve to be in a state of "being," spontaneously,naturally,and joyfully expressing their full humanity.
B) Self-actualizers are concerned with fulfilling their potential and with knowing and understanding their environment.
C) Self-actualizers' goal is to enrich their lives by acting to increase tension so as to experience a variety of challenging events.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 32

According to Maslow,which of the following is a metaneed?

A) Wholeness
B) Esteem
C) Belongingness
D) Sex

Question 33

According to Maslow,a visible indication of children's safety needs is their preference for:

A) an adventurous life.
B) a changing or dynamic lifestyle.
C) an unrestricted freedom.
D) a structure or routine.

Question 34

Maslow suggested that the failure to satisfy the need for _____ is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment.

A) food
B) love
C) privacy
D) success

Question 35

By self-actualization,Maslow meant:

A) taking undue pride in one's achievements.
B) fullest development of the self.
C) thinking only about oneself.
D) gaining recognition and status in society.

Question 36

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs,identify a true statement about belongingness and love needs.

A) Maslow equated love with sex.
B) These needs fall under the category of metaneeds.
C) These needs can only be gratified through an intimate relationship with a lover.
D) Maslow recognized that sex is one way of expressing the love need.

Question 37

According to Maslow,the need for self-actualization:

A) does not arise in midlife.
B) arises in adolescence.
C) arises in childhood.
D) does not arise until midlife.

Question 38

As proposed by Maslow,which of the following statements is true of the esteem needs?

A) It is satisfied only in the form of recognition and social success.
B) Satisfaction of the need for self-esteem allows people to feel confident of their strength.
C) Satisfaction of the need for self-esteem is necessary for actual survival.
D) It involves the maximum realization and fulfillment of our potentials,talents,and abilities.

Question 39

In the context of the needs-hierarchy theory,identify an accurate statement about the conditions to achieve self-actualization.

A) We must have a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses.
B) We must be free of constraints imposed by society and by ourselves.
C) We must be secure in our self-image and in our relationships with other people.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 40

According to Maslow,which of the following is an accurate statement about D-motivation?

A) It involves striving for something specific to make up for something that is lacking within us.
B) It involves maximizing our personal potential rather than striving for a particular goal object.
C) It applies only to physiological needs.
D) It motivates and urges people toward self-actualization.

Question 41

Metapathology,according to Maslow,causes:

A) helplessness and depression in self-actualizers.
B) frustration in self-actualizers due to failure in gratifying deficiency needs.
C) basic anxiety and hallucinations in self-admirers.
D) neurotic disorders in insecure adults.

Question 42

Maslow states that _____ is one of the reasons for the failure to self-actualize.

A) laziness
B) the Jonah complex
C) the Electra complex
D) spirituality

Question 43

In Maslow's view,personality is determined:

A) exclusively by situational forces.
B) solely by genetic factors.
C) by the interaction of heredity and environment.
D) by the interaction of three fundamental elements namely id,ego,and superego.

Question 44

In the context of social life,Maslow states that self-actualizers:

A) prefer companionship than solitude.
B) crave for social support.
C) depend on themselves,not others for satisfaction.
D) avoid people with weaknesses.

Question 45

Scores indicating higher self-actualization on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)have been positively related to _____.

A) enculturation
B) depression
C) creativity
D) intolerance

Question 46

According to Maslow's research on emotionally healthy people,self-actualizers constitute _____ of the population.

A) 1 percent or less
B) about 11 percent
C) 50 percent or more
D) nearly 90 percent

Question 47

Maslow,based on his research,concluded that self-actualizers focus on:

A) problems outside themselves.
B) the social acceptability of their actions.
C) problems in their personal lives.
D) their safety needs.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of Maslow's views on human nature?

A) He denied the existence of evil in humans.
B) He argued that human nature is basically good,decent,and kind.
C) He believed that personality is determined solely by genetic factors.
D) He argued that people are victims of early childhood experiences.

Question 49

In the context of Maslow's study of self-actualizers,which of the following is not a characteristic of self-actualized persons?

A) Acceptance of other people
B) Creativeness
C) Naturalness
D) Acceptance of the strictures of the society

Question 50

According to Maslow,all of the following are characteristics of self-actualizers except:

A) freshness of appreciation.
B) intolerance.
C) resistance to social pressures.
D) autonomy.

Question 51

Maslow's work on self-actualization began as an attempt to understand the personalities of:

A) psychoanalytic pioneers Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler.
B) statistician Raymond Cattell and author and mathematician Lewis Carrol.
C) anthropologist Ruth Benedict and the Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer.
D) psychotherapist Carl Jung and scientist B.F.Skinner.

Question 52

According to Maslow,failure to satisfy metaneeds is harmful and produces a kind of _____,which thwarts the full development of the personality.

A) metapathology
B) metadiscourse
C) neurosis
D) hallucinosis

Question 53

Maslow used the term _____ to describe people's doubts about their own abilities.

A) the Jonah complex
B) the Cassandra complex
C) the Electra complex
D) the Oedipus complex

Question 54

One of the characteristics of self-actualizers,as described by Maslow,is that they:

A) are driven by D-motivation.
B) find pleasure and excitement in their hard work.
C) seek to reduce tension and work hard to satisfy their lower needs.
D) hide their feelings or emotions to satisfy the society.

Question 55

Maslow defined _____ as a moment of intense ecstasy,during which the self is transcended and the person feels supremely powerful,confident,and decisive.

A) peak experience
B) simulated experience
C) delusion
D) enlightenment

Question 56

As described by Maslow,which of the following is a characteristic of self-actualizers?

A) They accept their strengths and weaknesses.
B) They have a desire for widespread popularity and admiration.
C) They openly rebel against cultural norms or social codes.
D) They feel guilty about their failings.

Question 57

As described by Maslow,identify a characteristic of self-actualizers.

A) Self-actualizers have a large group of friends.
B) Self-actualizers suffer because of isolation.
C) Self-actualizers appreciate what they have and take little for granted.
D) Self-actualizers undertake challenging tasks for money,fame,and power.

Question 58

According to Maslow,which of the following is a reason why people fail to self-actualize?

A) For many people it may seem easier and safer to accept life as it is rather than seek new challenges.
B) Inadequate education and improper child-rearing practices thwart the drive for self-actualization in adulthood.
C) People may fear that taking action to maximize their potential will lead to new situations with which they may be unable to cope.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 59

Based on his research on emotionally healthy people,Maslow concluded that self-actualizers have a(n)_____ perception about their world,including other people.

A) unbiased
B) subjective
C) stereotypical
D) intolerant

Question 60

According to Maslow's research,which of the following statements is true of self-actualizers' imperfections?

A) They experience doubts and tension.
B) They can experience conflicts.
C) They can be rude and ruthless occasionally.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 61

According to Maslow,although we come equipped with the five innate needs at birth,the behaviors we use to satisfy them are learned and,therefore,subject to variation from one person to another.

Question 62

The needs in the Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory are arranged in order from strongest at the bottom to the weakest at the top.

Question 63

In his needs-hierarchy theory,Maslow called the higher needs deficit needs.

Question 64

In the context of his needs-hierarchy theory,Maslow proposed a declining percentage of satisfaction for each need.

Question 65

Criticism of Maslow's self-actualization theory center on the fact that:

A) the sample of self-actualizing people was too large to come to a conclusion.
B) the research does not reflect Maslow's idea of worthy and emotionally healthy people.
C) the research methods were not rigorous and lacked experimentally generated supporting data.
D) the theory does not apply outside the laboratory in social and personal terms.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true of Maslow's research methodology for studying self-actualizers?

A) He used case studies for his research.
B) He used experimental methods for his research.
C) He used correlational methods for his research.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 67

Maslow had an ideal childhood where his parents can be described as self-actualized.

Question 68

According to Maslow,neurotics compulsively avoid structure and order.

Question 69

Scores indicating high self-actualization on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)correlate negatively with _____.

A) alcoholism
B) academic achievement
C) emotional health
D) ingenuity

Question 70

Abraham Maslow is considered the founder and spiritual leader of the humanistic psychology movement.

Question 71

According to Maslow,metamotivation is sometimes called D-motivation or Deficiency.

Question 72

In the context of Maslow's work on self-actualization,_____ were Maslow's first research subjects.

A) artists
B) historical figures
C) college students
D) middle-aged and older adults

Question 73

Identify an accurate statement about extrinsic motivation.

A) It is a source of peak experience.
B) It is concerned with realizing one's talents and abilities for the goal of inner satisfaction.
C) It is associated with external rewards such as a promotion or pay raise.
D) It aids in the attainment of self-actualization.

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true of the self-determination theory?

A) It suggests that people are concerned with fulfilling their deficiency needs.
B) It states that people develop their capabilities and potentials primarily due to societal pressures.
C) It states that people are driven by extrinsic motivation.
D) It suggests that people have an innate tendency to express their interests and overcome challenges.

Question 75

The three basic needs specified by the self-determination theory are:

A) equity,security,and appreciation.
B) appreciation,recognition,and security.
C) achievement,power,and security.
D) competence,autonomy,and relatedness.

Question 76

Maslow states that satisfaction of our physiological needs allows us to feel confident of our strength,worth,and adequacy.

Question 77

Maslow admitted that his theory was not widely supported by laboratory research,but he argued that:

A) his theory is derived from the scientifically rigorous work of previous researchers.
B) scientific research is not important in the study of human psychology.
C) any idea that becomes popular is definitely reliable.
D) his theory fits very well with the personal experience of most people.

Question 78

In the context of Maslow's theory,cognitive needs are the innate needs to know and to understand.

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true of the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)?

A) It is a projective technique used to assess personality.
B) It has two major scales namely time competence and inner directedness.
C) It was developed by Maslow.
D) It was designed to assess the degree to which smartphone use can satisfy the needs in Maslow's system.

Question 80

Which of the following is true of Maslow's self-actualization theory?

A) It has been criticized for the use of a very small sample size for generalizing to the population at large.
B) It declined in popularity in the 1960s.
C) It is based on the belief that self-actualization is a learned behavior.
D) It has little relevance in the field of developmental psychology and organizational behavior.