Deck 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Freud believed _____ to be the primary cause of all neuroses.

A) sexual conflicts
B) hating one's parents
C) unresolved guilt
D) frequent illness in childhood

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of instincts as described by Freud?

A) An instinct is a state of physiological excitation or energy.
B) When the body is in a state of need,a person experiences a feeling of calmness.
C) The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension.
D) It is always possible to escape the pressure of our physiological needs.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

On which of the following is Freud's theory as a homeostatic approach based?

A) Balance and equilibrium
B) Homosexuality and heterosexuality
C) Sexual fantasies from childhood
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of Freud's opinion of America?

A) He refused to accept any formal recognition from the American psychological community.
B) He complained about America's informality,although it helped bring him worldwide fame.
C) He founded the American Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psychoanalytic Society.
D) He cherished his visit to the United States and spoke highly of its way of life.

Question 5

Freud's German term for the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction is:

A) Trieb.
B) Druck.
C) Mentalität.
D) Bedarf.

Question 6

Paradoxical to his own theory,Freud believed that the sex act was _____.

A) holy
B) degrading
C) uplifting
D) impressive

Question 7

Freud considered _____ as compelling a part of human nature as sex.

A) passion
B) morality
C) aggression
D) resistance

Question 8

According to Freud,what are the two primary types of instincts?

A) Sex and habits
B) Life and death
C) Food and hunger
D) Pleasure and desire

Question 9

In the context of the structure of personality,the preconscious resides within:

A) the id.
B) the ego.
C) the superego.
D) both the id and the superego.

Question 10

Sigmund Freud's theory of personality and system of therapy for treating mental disorders is known as _____.

A) psychosomatics
B) psychomeditation
C) psychoanalysis
D) psychiatry

Question 11

According to Freud,_____ is the form of psychic energy,manifested by the life instincts,that drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts.

A) libido
B) cathexis
C) catharsis
D) mood

Question 12

Freud regarded _____ as our primary motivation.

A) sex
B) reliability
C) fear
D) morality

Question 13

The preconscious:

A) describes our dream life.
B) is stored in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain.
C) describes our values and morals.
D) is the storehouse for our memories,thoughts,and perceptions.

Question 14

Which of the following is the exclusive source of energy for human behavior?

A) Personal opinions
B) Ego
C) Instincts
D) Id

Question 15

The _____ includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware at any given moment.

A) conscious
B) preconscious
C) postconscious
D) unconscious

Question 16

According to Freud,_____ refers to the investment of psychic energy in an object or person.

A) libido
B) cathexis
C) instinct
D) aggressive drive

Question 17

Later in Freud's life,_____ and _____ affected him deeply and thus became major themes in his theory as well as in his in own life.

A) death; aggression
B) conflicts; disagreements
C) sex; fantasies
D) disease; helplessness

Question 18

According to Freud,_____ are the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction.

A) fantasies
B) moral beliefs
C) defense mechanisms
D) instincts

Question 19

During his childhood,Freud revealed a deep sense of _____ toward his mother.

A) hatred
B) attachment
C) dependence
D) anger

Question 20

According to Freud,_____ serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food,water,air,and sex.

A) peak experiences
B) life instincts
C) needs for esteem and social recognition
D) organismic valuing processes

Question 21

Freud's concepts of the ego,id,and libido:

A) have a high degree of objectivity.
B) have great credibility.
C) are reinforced and supported in research.
D) could not be tested experimentally.

Question 22

Anna Freud's 4 years of psychoanalysis with her father led one of the historians to call this:

A) "an experience of being bored and left alone."
B) "an impossible and incestuous treatment."
C) "odd states of mind not intelligible to consciousness."
D) "collections of marginally neurotic episodes."

Question 23

Freud's research can be criticized for all of the following points except:

A) he did not look deeply into the psyche.
B) his data was not gathered in a systematic fashion.
C) he made very few attempts to verify the accuracy of his patients' reports.
D) his sample of subjects was small and unrepresentative of the general population.

Question 24

In children,temper tantrums,manipulating parents,and destructive behaviors are formed in the:

A) latency stage.
B) phallic stage.
C) oral stage.
D) anal stage.

Question 25

Which of the following Freudian ideas has not been supported by research?

A) The personality being subject to little change after age five
B) The existence of verbal "Freudian" slips
C) The existence of the unconscious
D) The defense mechanism of repression

Question 26

Much research on the nature of the unconscious involves _____ in which stimuli are presented to people below their level of conscious awareness.

A) catharsis
B) cathectic attachment
C) subliminal perception
D) sublimation

Question 27

Childhood sexual abuse:

A) can be debilitating through life and,in reality,is more widespread than Freud envisioned.
B) is removed out of a person's awareness and later reliably recovered.
C) can result from the occurrence of Freudian slips.
D) is to be ignored and dismissed as unreal by a therapist counseling a victim.

Question 28

Which of the following is true in the context of penis envy as described by Freud?

A) Woman have underdeveloped sex organs and capacities compared to men.
B) Unlike men,women can never be fully developed until they have a female child.
C) Girls can have a poorly developed superego due to the female Oedipus complex.
D) Boys can have an inferiority complex,more so than girls,as a result of penis envy.

Question 29

All of the following are associated with Freud's investigation of the unconscious except:

A) free association.
B) dream analysis.
C) resistances.
D) questionnaires.

Question 30

Attempts at scientifically validating Freudian concepts indicate that:

A) not one of Freud's ideas has scientific support.
B) almost all of Freud's ideas have scientific support.
C) there is scientific support for only some of Freud's ideas.
D) Freudian ideas cannot be investigated scientifically.

Question 31

The ego-ideal,which is the second part of the superego,consists of:

A) those behaviors for which children are punished.
B) good or correct behaviors for which children are praised.
C) the reality principle and its strivings for the ideal ego.
D) ideals and principles the ego has rejected.

Question 32

Freud used the case study method for his psychological research.One of the disadvantages of this method is that:

A) he used a small and unrepresentative sample of those he studied.
B) it was impossible to probe into his patients' childhood years.
C) he could not find consistencies and patterns,which were important to develop his theory.
D) it could not point out any particular causal factor in neurotic behavior.

Question 33

Freud's techniques of assessment:

A) exclude dreams of a sexual basis.
B) rely heavily on self-report inventories.
C) reveal a great deal of repressed material.
D) focus on conscious experiences.

Question 34

One problem with Freud's published case histories is that they:

A) simply repeat the notes he took during the sessions with patients.
B) are based primarily on statements made under hypnosis.
C) sometimes differ from the notes he made after each session with a patient.
D) are based primarily on dream analyses.

Question 35

An example of a Freudian slip would be:

A) "Oops,I forgot to lock the door!"
B) "Is my slip showing?"
C) "The fact that I lost my wallet came as a sham dock to me!"
D) "I thought I brought my car keys with me,but I left them at home."

Question 36

The purpose of Freud's techniques of dream analysis and free association:

A) is to evaluate,assess,or find the unconscious.
B) is to depict humans in gloomy,pessimistic terms.
C) is to eliminate a patient's set of sexual desires and wants.
D) is to suppress sexual tensions and frustrations.

Question 37

Identify a true statement in the context of Loftus's studies concerning false memories.

A) A therapist could implant false memories knowingly or unknowingly.
B) A person's memories can't always be judged as true.
C) "Repressed" memories of childhood may not be accurate in reality.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of Anna Freud?

A) She rejected Freud's theory of psychoanalysis and developed her own,distinct theory.
B) She had a happy childhood and was her mother's favorite child.
C) She became the only one of Freud's six children to follow in his path.
D) She was held in high regard by her siblings and spent most of her time with them.

Question 39

Of the three levels of personality,the _____ strives for immediate satisfaction of its needs and does not tolerate delay or postponement of satisfaction for any reason.

A) mirror self
B) id
C) ego
D) superego

Question 40

Freud made _____ an important part of his personality theory,asserting that it is fundamental to the development of all neurotic and psychotic behavior.

A) pleasure
B) guilt
C) disgust
D) anxiety

Question 41

Which of the following is true of Freud's system of psychoanalytic therapy?

A) Freud's system of psychoanalytic therapy remains more influential than his theory of personality.
B) Freudian psychoanalysts in China have been offering training programs to a growing number of psychoanalysts in East Asia.
C) Psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique has declined in popularity,particularly in the United States.
D) Traditional psychoanalytic sessions over the Internet have experienced a sharp decline.

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the system of psychotherapy,which was developed by Sigmund Freud?

A) In some European countries,traditional face-to-face psychoanalytic sessions have now replaced online sessions.
B) Growing numbers of people are against seeking therapy for behavioral and emotional problems.
C) Fewer numbers of people are choosing the expensive,long-term approach Freud developed.
D) Longer courses of therapy lasting several years,which focus on holistic care,have become the norm.

Question 43

The libido includes hormones secreted in the pancreas of the body.

Question 44

According to Anna Freud,which of the following is true of the ego?

A) It tries to compromise between the id and reality.
B) It serves as a bridge between the id and primary-process thought.
C) It depends on both the primary-process thought and the secondary-process thought.
D) It operates independently of the id.

Question 45

Anna Freud is known for her theory of:

A) Freudian psychoanalysis.
B) id,ego,and superego identity.
C) ego psychology.
D) object relations.

Question 46

In the series of dreams that Anna Freud had about her father many years after his death,the main role was played by:

A) her mother.
B) her love for her teachers.
C) her older sister.
D) her father's longing for her.

Question 47

All of the following are valid criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis except that:

A) Freud failed to consider the impact of biological forces.
B) Freud's definitions are somewhat ambiguous.
C) Freud did not study emotionally healthy persons.
D) Freud focused too much on past behavior.

Question 48

The trend away from orthodox psychoanalysis in the United States has also been reinforced by the _____ to total health care.

A) long-term approach
B) managed-care approach
C) pragmatic approach
D) companionship approach

Question 49

Which of the following is a criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis by personality theorists?

A) We have more free will than Freud acknowledged,and we can choose to act and grow spontaneously.
B) We are influenced by our experiences before age 5 more than by the future that holds our hopes and plans.
C) To develop a theory of human personality,only the healthy,positive human qualities need to be studied.
D) Freud paid too much attention to the psychologically healthy and emotionally mature,to the exclusion of the emotionally disturbed.

Question 50

In her analysis with her father,Anna Freud reported dreams of:

A) shooting,killing,and dying.
B) intense hate for her father and siblings.
C) betraying her father to his enemies.
D) her longing for other women.

Question 51

Freud's concept of the death instincts achieved only limited acceptance as part of the personality.

Question 52

The pleasure principle operates and functions primarily as part of the id.

Question 53

The ego is the reservoir for the libido and instincts.

Question 54

The stimuli for instincts,according to Freud,include hunger and thirst.

Question 55

In everyday language,we call the internal morality a conscience.

Question 56

Primary-process thought is believed to function within the ego.

Question 57

Much of Freud's personality theory revolves around the necessity of inhibiting or suppressing our sexual longings.

Question 58

When presenting a paper entitled Beating Fantasies and Daydreams,Anna Freud:

A) described the experiences of one of her maids.
B) spoke of a respectful relationship between a father and his daughter.
C) related her own fantasies of a physical beating.
D) questioned Sigmund Freud's role as her father.

Question 59

What were Sigmund Freud's views on Anna's work on child analysis?

A) He disapproved of her work as it contradicted his theory.
B) He did not share her views on child analysis.
C) He stated that her views were obtained from his work on adults.
D) He believed she developed her views out of her own independent experience.

Question 60

Anna Freud's analytic work was with:

A) children.
B) adults.
C) the youth.
D) the elderly.

Question 61

A person who is rigid,compulsively neat,obstinate,and overly conscientious as an adult,may have started reacting this way in the anal stage of psychosexual development.

Question 62

According to Freud's theory,resistance involves a patient refusing to take any medication.

Question 63

Projection can be described as blaming some else for one's own impulses.

Question 64

Children at the latency stage are fixated on their genitals and sexual pleasure.

Question 65

In Freud's psychosexual stages of development,each developmental stage has a conflict that must be resolved before the infant or child can progress to the next stage.

Question 66

In Freud's system,there is only one ultimate and necessary goal in life: to increase the release of sexual fantasies from the unconscious to the conscious.

Question 67

The anal stage of development can be used as a weapon by a child against his or her parents.

Question 68

In Freud's theory,we human beings are depicted in gloomy,pessimistic terms,condemned to a struggle with our inner forces,which we are almost always destined to lose.

Question 69

Give definitions and examples for the following defense mechanisms: (a)projection,(b)reaction formation,and (c)sublimation.

Question 70

Freud's major research method was the case study.

Question 71

Moral anxiety results from a conflict between the id and the superego.

Question 72

According to Freud,defense mechanisms are conscious forms of reality.

Question 73

Once repression is operating,it is difficult to eliminate.

Question 74

According to Freud,what is the purpose of anxiety?

Question 75

A person who is stubborn or stingy may be described as an oral retentive person.

Question 76

Reaction formation is a voluntary addition of something to our unconscious awareness.

Question 77

The id seems to be the impulsive side of a person,and the ego is the controlling side that helps balance the impulsive acts of the id.The superego functions as the moral control in relation to the id and the ego.Give a real-life example of a person struggling with a frustrating problem and how the id,ego,and the superego would respond to the anxiety in this person.

Question 78

Freud held a "free will" point of view,not a deterministic point of view.

Question 79

Neurotic anxiety manifests in adulthood and is a conflict between the id and the superego.

Question 80

Dream analysis and free association were the main techniques that Freud used in order to bring repressed memories,fears,and thoughts back to the level of conscious awareness.