Deck 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Question 1

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources,including
1)radioactive materials
2)radiation-producing machines
3)radiation accidents

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 1

1,2,and 3

Question 2

Which of the following agencies was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission?

A)FDA
B)ICRP
C)NCRP
D)NRC

Answer 2

NRC

Question 3

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)is to
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 3

2 only

Question 4

Revised concepts of radiation exposure and risk have brought about more recent changes in NCRP recommendations for limits on exposure to ionizing radiation.Because many conflicting views exist on assessing the risk of cancer induction from low-level radiation exposure,the trend has been to

A)create more rigorous radiation protection standards.
B)reduce rigorous radiation protection standards.
C)eliminate radiation protection standards.
D)leave radiation protection standards the same as they have been for the last 20 years.

Question 5

Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Delegate operational funds in the budget for the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Medical imaging personnel almost always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
B)Medical imaging personnel always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
C)Medical imaging personnel hardly ever receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
D)Medical imaging personnel absolutely never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.

Question 7

Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?

A)National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
B)International Commission on Radiological Protection
C)Radiation Effects Research Foundation
D)Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Question 8

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted,provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded for persons under the age of 18 years.

A)0.5 mSv annually
B)1 mSv annually
C)2 mSv annually
D)3 mSv annually

Question 9

Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning an employee's "right to know" with regard to hazards in the workplace

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 10

If a certain dose of radiation produces a skin burn,a higher dose of radiation will cause the skin burn to be more severe; however,a dose below the threshold level for skin burn will

A)demonstrate this effect to a much greater degree.
B)demonstrate this effect to moderate degree.
C)demonstrate this effect to a lesser degree.
D)not demonstrate the effect.

Question 11

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD)limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

A)4.6 mSv
B)46 mSv
C)460 mSv
D)4600 mSv

Question 12

Upper boundary radiation exposure limits for occupationally exposed persons are associated with risks that are similar to those encountered by employees in other industries that are generally considered to be reasonably safe.These industries include
1)manufacturing.
2)trade.
3)government.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 13

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that

A)any organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
B)only critical organs in the human body are vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
C)only the reproductive organs in male and female humans are vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
D)no organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.

Question 14

The cumulative effective dose (CumEfD)limit does not include
1)exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker undergoing medical imaging procedures.
2)radiation exposure from natural background radiation.
3)radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 15

The effective dose (EfD)limiting system supersedes

A)all Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)regulations.
B)all Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)regulations.
C)the maximum permissible dose (MPD)system.
D)the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981.

Question 16

The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the

A)director of human resources of a health care facility.
B)designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility.
C)hospital administrator.
D)radiologic technologist in charge of quality control.

Question 17

The ALARA concept adopts an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between

A)health care education and radiation research.
B)ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
C)ionizing radiation and potential risk.
D)radiation dose and health care spending.

Question 18

Which of the following terms involves a random effect of ionizing radiation?

A)Early tissue reactions
B)Change in white blood cell count
C)Reddening of the skin
D)Stochastic event

Question 19

The effective dose (EfD)limit for the lens of the eye is

A)5 mSv.
B)15 mSv.
C)50 mSv.
D)150 mSv.

Question 20

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe intellectual disability for fetal doses greater than approximately

A)0.1 Sv.
B)0.2 Sv.
C)0.3 Sv.
D)0.4 Sv.

Question 21

To define ALARA,health care facilities usually adopt investigation levels,defined as level I and level II.In the United States,these levels are traditionally _______ to ______ the applicable regulatory standards.

A)one twentieth; one tenth
B)one tenth; three tenths
C)three tenths; one half
D)one half; seven tenths

Question 22

Working in conjunction with their partners in other agencies,the FDA intends to take action to
1)promote safe use of medical imaging devices.
2)support informed clinical decision.
3)increase patient awareness.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 23

Effective dose (EfD)limits may be specified for
1)whole-body exposure.
2)partial-body exposure.
3)exposure of individual organs.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 24

A radiation safety officer in a health care facility must have sufficient authority,organizational freedom,and management prerogative to
1)identify radiation safety problems.
2)initiate,recommend,or provide corrective action.
3)stop unsafe operations involving by-product material.
4)verify implementation of corrective actions.

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 25

To provide a low-exposure cut-off level so that regulatory agencies may consider a level of effective dose as being of negligible risk,an annual negligible individual dose (NID)of ________________ per source or practice has been set.

A)0.001 mSv/year
B)0.01 mSv/year
C)0.1 mSv/year
D)1.0 mSv/year