Deck 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures

Question 1

Which of the following types of gonadal shielding provide maximal gonadal protection for a male patient when AP,oblique,and lateral projections are obtained?

A)Flat contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
B)Shadow shield
C)Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
D)None of the above,because gonadal shielding is unnecessary for male patients of any age.

Answer 1

Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead

Question 2

Which of the following are considered to be benefits of an aggressive repeat analysis program?
1)Increased awareness among staff and student radiographers of the need to produce optimal quality recorded images from the start.
2)Radiographers become more careful in producing radiographic images because they are aware that images are being reviewed.3.When the repeat analysis program identifies problems or concerns,in-service education programs covering these specific topics may be designed for imaging personnel.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 2

1,2,and 3

Question 3

According to the American College of Radiology (ACR),abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient,including the possibility of pregnancy,need

A)not be postponed or selectively scheduled.
B)to be postponed or selectively scheduled.
C)to be postponed and scheduled at least 10 days after the start of the next menstrual period.
D)to be postponed and scheduled 10 days before the end of the next menstrual period.

Answer 3

not be postponed or selectively scheduled.

Question 4

Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?

A)Lack of availability of appropriate pediatric immobilization devices
B)Lack of cooperation of parents or guardian
C)Finding imaging equipment that can accommodate pediatric imaging
D)Patient motion

Question 5

Neglecting to use standardized technique charts necessitates estimating the technical exposure factors,which may result in
1)poor-quality images.
2)repeat examinations.
3)additional and unnecessary exposure of the patient.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 6

When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic procedure,which of the following practices will minimize radiation exposure?

A)Selecting technical exposure factors that are appropriate for the part of the body to be radiographed
B)Opening the x-ray beam collimator shutters as wide as possible to ensure complete coverage of the image receptor
C)Precisely collimating the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest and shielding the lower abdomen and pelvis when this area does not need to be included in the area to be irradiated
D)A and C

Question 7

________________________ are the sensing devices most often used to measure skin dose directly.

A)Thermoluminescent dosimeters
B)A sequence of aluminum equivalent filters of varying thicknesses
C)Lead-impregnated filters
D)Molybdenum and rhodium filters

Question 8

Specific area shielding may be selectively used during some x-ray procedures to protect which of the following?
1)Lens of the eye
2)Breast
3)Upper extremities
4)Lower extremities

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)3 and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 9

Reducing the field size to the anatomic features of interest not only reduces patient exposure,but also

A)increases recorded image quality by decreasing scatter.
B)decreases recorded image quality by increasing scatter.
C)increases recorded image quality by increasing scatter.
D)decreases recorded image quality by decreasing scatter.

Question 10

Because multiple bony areas span the entire body,the radiation dose absorbed by the organ called bone marrow

A)can be accurately measured by a direct method.
B)cannot be measured by a direct method; it can only be estimated.
C)is not of concern during any diagnostic radiography examinations.
D)can only be measured to a small degree by a direct method.

Question 11

Radiographers must limit the patient's exposure to ionizing radiation by
1)employing appropriate radiation reduction techniques.
2)using protective devices that minimize radiation exposure.
3)selecting radiographic exposures factors that only use low kVp and high mAs

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 12

Any image that must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is considered to be a repeat image.What effect does a repeat image have on the radiation dose received by the patient?

A)The patient receives no additional radiation dose.
B)The patient's skin and possibly the gonads,if they were in the included imaged area,receive a double radiation dose.
C)The patient's critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose.
D)The patient's superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is four times as great as that of the original radiation dose.

Question 13

Which of the following are areas of the body that should be shielded from the useful beam whenever possible?
1)Lens of the eye
2)Breasts
3)Thyroid gland
4)Reproductive organs
5)All muscle tissues

A)1,2,3,and 5 only
B)2,3,4,and 5 only
C)1,2,3,And 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 5 Only

Question 14

During a radiographic examination,which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors reduce patient radiation dose?

A)Lower kVp,higher mAs
B)Higher kVp,lower mAs
C)Higher kVp,higher mAs
D)Lower kVp,lower mAs

Question 15

Motion controlled by will is classified as voluntary motion.Lack of such control may be attributed to which of the following?
1)The patient's age
2)Breathing patterns or problems
3)Physical discomfort
4)Fear of the examination
5)Mental instability

A)1,2,3,and 4 only
B)2,3,4,and 5 only
C)1,3,4,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 16

When a properly calibrated automatic exposure control (AEC)is not employed to obtain a uniform selection of technical x-ray exposure factors,well-managed imaging departments

A)estimate technical exposure factors for all radiographic examinations.
B)have the radiologist determine and set up all technical exposure factor charts.
C)use technique charts borrowed from another imaging facility.
D)make use of standardized technique charts that have been established for each x-ray unit in that facility.

Question 17

Which of the following must always be the first step in protection of the reproductive organs?

A)Adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest
B)Use of gonadal shielding
C)Use of a mobile protective shielding device
D)Use of digital imaging equipment

Question 18

Which of the following are reasons for unacceptable images?
1)Patient mispositioning
2)Incorrect centering of the radiographic beam
3)Patient motion during the radiographic exposure
4)Incorrect collimation of the radiographic beam

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)2,3,and 4 only
C)1,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 19

Which of the following are involuntary motions that cannot be willingly controlled?
1)Chills
2)Tremors
3)Muscle spasms
4)Pain
5)Active withdrawal

A)1,2,3,and 5 only
B)2,3,4,and 5 only
C)1,2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5

Question 20

According to the U.S.Public Health Service,the genetically significant dose (GSD)for the population of the United States is approximately

A)1.00 mSv.
B)0.80 mSv.
C)0.40 mSv.
D)0.20 mSv.

Question 21

Analysis of an imaging department's repeats rate
1)provides valuable information for process improvement.
2)helps minimize patient exposure.
3)improves overall performance of the department.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 22

In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated

A)the radiographer performing the examination should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
B)the imaging department manager should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
C)the radiation safety officer or the medical physicist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
D)the administrator of the hospital or imaging facility should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

Question 23

Of the following radiologic procedures,which is (are)considered nonessential?
1)A chest x-ray examination automatically scheduled on admission to the hospital
2)Lumbar spine x-ray examination as part of a preemployment physical
3)Whole-body computed tomography (CT)screening

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 24

Essentially all diagnostic medical procedures result in fetal exposures

A)greater than 5 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
B)greater than 1 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
C)of less than 0.5 Gy but greater than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is small.
D)of less than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is very small.

Question 25

Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to the newborn is unlikely for doses below

A)5 Gy.
B)2 Gy.
C)0.5 Gy.
D)0.2 Gy.