Deck 10: Ethics and the War on Terrorism

Question 1

As part of the war on terror,the U.S.government has detained individuals at ______,on the Island of Cuba,and denied them many of the usual rights granted to
Criminal suspects.

A)Guantanamo Bay
B)Mariel
C)Havana
D)the Bay of Pigs

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Proponents of the ______ approach to the war argue that prisoners arrested following 9/11 are to be considered prisoners of war (POWs)until a competent tribunal
Determines otherwise.

A)Bush strategy
B)Obama strategy
C)Human Rights Convention
D)Geneva Convention

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following are reasons for adopting the war paradigm?

A)It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures.
B)It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief.
C)It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war.
D)all of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not a command to followers or goal of Al Qaeda?

A)Set up an Islamist caliphate comprised of Muslims everywhere.
B)Kill U.S.citizens,civilian or military,everywhere.
C)Conquer the world and peaceably convert all to Islam.
D)Topple Muslim governments which fail to practice true Islam.

Question 5

Following 9/11,the Congress passed the ______ Act which gave government new powers and arguably threatened constitutional rights.

A)Anti-Terrorism
B)Iraq and Afghanistan Liberation
C)USA PATRIOT
D)International Crime Control

Question 6

Unlike criminals,terrorists have ______.

A)rigorous training
B)political motivations
C)psychiatric problems
D)a higher recidivism rate

Question 7

______ is problematic to define and has a number of official and legal definitions.

A)Murder
B)Rape
C)Terrorism
D)Treason

Question 8

Rather than view terrorism as a war or national security problem,some authors suggest that we might better view terrorism as a ______.

A)religious conflict
B)political conflict
C)criminal justice or law enforcement matter
D)problem or resource distribution

Question 9

Wilkinson (2001)points to several risks of adopting a war-like approach.Which of the following are risks,according to Wilkinson?

A)danger that military response could provoke wider conflict involving diminished focus on relevant terrorist group in favor of broader multistate strategy
B)danger that the death of innocent civilians will diminish international sympathy for the victim state and shift the moral high ground away from that state
C)danger that military action will give rise to false expectations of a total failure of defeat of terrorism
D)all of these

Question 10

Which of the following are ways we differentiate a war on terrorism from regular warfare?

A)The nature of the enemy.
B)The location of hostilities.
C)The type of tactics employed.
D)all of these

Question 11

Which of the following are associated with terrorism?

A)irrationality
B)judgment
C)fanaticism
D)both irrationality and fanaticism

Question 12

What act has been described as having been "passed in response to a largely undefined threat from a poorly understood source"?

A)War Against Terrorism
B)Freedom Act
C)USA PATRIOT Act
D)9/11 Act

Question 13

Blum and Heymann (2010)suggest that a new paradigm that is neither warfare nor is ______ required because international terrorism does not easily fit within either
Alternative paradigm.

A)federally
B)internationally
C)law enforcement
D)all of these

Question 14

Peter Manning (2006)notes a package of measures forming part of the overall counterterrorist strategy impacting rights and freedoms,including ______.

A)new screening procedures for passengers boarding aircraft
B)establishing a federal directorate of intelligence
C)consolidating data gathered at immigration and customs locations
D)all of these

Question 15

Decisions to wage war under the just war doctrine require that the justice of opting for war is determined by whether a proposed war satisfies a number of criteria,including
The following ______.

A)it is properly authorized
B)it is a last resort
C)it is motivated by right intention
D)all of these

Question 16

The British have introduced ______ orders intended to impede the planning of terrorist attacks by placing restriction on suspected persons' freedom of movement and
Association.

A)control
B)active
C)freedom
D)liberation

Question 17

Wilkinson's (2001)"hard-line approach" model includes all of the following elements except ______.

A)Government must avoid overreaction.
B)Government must focus the war predominantly on creating intelligence.
C)Government must avoid underreaction.
D)Intelligence agencies must be responsible to civilian authorities and be fully accountable.

Question 18

Acts of terrorism by ______ are a more prevalent and deadly form of terrorism than terrorism by ______,according to Kapitan.

A)States; groups
B)Militia; states
C)Groups; states
D)Fanatics; governments

Question 19

Much of the debate on the ethics of the war on terror has centered on how to balance the ______.

A)demands of U.S.and international law.
B)requirements of statutes and inconsistent treaties.
C)conflicting goals of security and punishment.
D)need to provide security and still protect rights.

Question 20

Some advocate that terrorists through their actions have forfeited constitutional and human rights,and that the government can follow the policy of ______.

A)the ends justify the means
B)two wrongs do not make a right
C)let whatever happens happen
D)retribution

Question 21

Waldron (2010)states that ______ is only half a reason for modifying civil liberties.

A)justice
B)war
C)fear
D)coercion

Question 22

Brecher (2007)suggests that ______ the occupation of torturer would radically reconfigure people's conceptions of everyday decency.

A)legitimizing
B)demonizing
C)prohibiting
D)all of these

Question 23

Wilson (2005)sees a distinct policy ______ between security and rights.

A)impact
B)dichotomy
C)problem
D)question

Question 24

Another serious ethical issue is whether the U.S.should allow ______ of alleged enemy combatants detained at Guantanamo Bay.

A)international rendition
B)allegorization
C)canonization
D)interrogation involving torture

Question 25

Brecher (2007)critiques the ______ as a "fantasy derived from philosophers' thought-experiments which are usually designed to test the limits of moral theory."

A)slippery slope
B)terrorism scenario
C)ticking bomb scenario
D)slippery slope scenario

Question 26

Ignatieff (2004)argued that a democracy responding to terrorism without destroying the values for which it stands would ______.

A)prohibit certain torture
B)prohibit illegal detention
C)prohibit unlawful assassination
D)all of these

Question 27

Some argue that,both politically and morally,a government facing a terrorist threat must avoid ______.

A)legal restrictions,such as the Geneva Conventions
B)establishing such categories as "enemy combatants."
C)appearing to be "soft" on terrorism
D)repressive overreaction

Question 28

Applying a consequentialist approach to counterterrorism means ______.

A)not worrying about the consequences
B)asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies
C)asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term
D)accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

Question 29

Some believe that anti-terrorist activities that lead to operational excesses may nevertheless be morally justified under the principle of "double effect," meaning ______.

A)an unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible
B)an unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible
C)the activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects,so long as one is morally permissible.
D)the activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects,both of which are morally impermissible

Question 30

Nonabsolutist ______ would support torture in what are deemed to be "catastrophic" situations.

A)consequentialists
B)deontologists
C)absolutists
D)relativists

Question 31

The "ticking bomb" argument attempts to justify ______.

A)torture during interrogation
B)invading foreign countries
C)restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants
D)accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

Question 32

What torture methods includes full body ducking of prisoners strapped to a board and to pour icy water over a cloth placed over the face of a prisoner who is strapped
Down?

A)Impalement
B)Starvation
C)Waterboarding
D)Crucifixion

Question 33

National security measures must pass ______.

A)international obligations
B)individual dignity
C)the conservative test
D)extrajudicial execution

Question 34

Some oppose the "ticking time bomb" argument as a justification for torture because ______.

A)it negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual
B)it is not likely to happen as its proponents claim
C)it is not a realistic scenario
D)it is a slippery slope,which could expand its use in other circumstances

Question 35

______ arguments were adopted by the Landau Commission of Enquiry in Israel in 1987.

A)Consequentialist
B)Deontologist
C)Absolutist
D)Relativist

Question 36

Torture is a federal crime punishable by up to ______ years in prison.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 37

Some point to some of the issues raised by the ticking bomb argument,such as ______.

A)it suggests there is a known threat
B)there is a need for immediate action because it is certain that the bomb will explode
C)it is essential that the person we intend to torture be the maker of the threat
D)all of these

Question 38

Famed defense attorney Alan Dershowitz has suggested that torture might be applied and regulated through ______.

A)torture warrants issued by the courts.
B)ombudsmen.
C)administrative regulations.
D)international agreements.

Question 39

Proponents of ______ in relation to torture are commonly confronted with the TBS as a counterargument.

A)ethical absolutism
B)moral absolutism
C)ethical pluralism
D)cultural relativism

Question 40

______ is seen by many ethicists as a key issue,and many advocate no restrictions on rights they believe to be basic and inviolable such as the prohibition against torture.

A)Liberty
B)Striking a balance
C)Coercion
D)Democracy

Question 41

A consequentialist approach to the ethical issues in the war on terrorism judge
counterterrorist measures purely by their effectiveness.

Question 42

The federal government has adopted a criminal justice/law enforcement to the
problem of terrorism.

Question 43

______ warfare involves death on a large scale and for some great purpose.

A)Justified
B)Heroic
C)Grand
D)Historic warfare

Question 44

Terrorists are also termed ______ combatants.

A)justifiable
B)intelligence
C)unlawful
D)warfare

Question 45

One of the goals of Al Qaeda is to kill U.S.citizens,military and civilian no matter
where they are found.

Question 46

There is one universally accepted practical and legal definition of "terrorism."

Question 47

The principle of ______ requires that damage inflicted by a drone attack should not be disproportionate to the benefit to be gained by inflicting it.

A)targeting
B)proportionality
C)attack
D)targeting

Question 48

Our understanding of the concept of national security will necessarily shape an
assessment of the morality of measures intended to secure it.

Question 49

Proponents of moral absolutism in relation to torture are commonly confronted with
the ticking bomb scenario as a counterargument to moral absolutism.

Question 50

What is the best-known weaponized drone?

A)Predator
B)Terminator
C)Cyclops
D)Khan

Question 51

Drone attacks during the Trump administration have been newly extended ______.

A)Afghanistan and Pakistan
B)Syria and Somalia
C)Yemen and Pakistan
D)none of these

Question 52

The deployment of drones increased ______ between 2008 and 2011.

A)twofold
B)threefold
C)by 6%
D)by 10%

Question 53

Self-defense is authorized under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.

Question 54

The only country to use a legal model of torture is ______.

A)Iraq
B)Israel
C)China
D)Russia

Question 55

U.S.practice on ______ seems to have begun with the efforts of the CIA to kill Fidel Castro and continued into the Vietnam War with plots to assassinate the president of
South Vietnam and with the Phoenix Program,designed to kill Vietcong leaders.

A)warfare
B)anti-terrorism
C)justifiable warfare
D)targeted assassinations

Question 56

Which of the following are the ethical arguments against targeted killing?

A)Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.
B)Assassination violates U.S.values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.
C)Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S.foreign policy,which stresses human rights and democracy.
D)all of these

Question 57

Employing the ______ paradigm as a counterterrorist strategy enabled administration lawyers to differentiate attacks targeting terrorists from banned
Assassinations and to rationalize such targeting as lawful operations against enemy
Combatants.

A)drone paradigm
B)enemy paradigm
C)war paradigm
D)terrorism paradigm

Question 58

The ticking bomb argument is used to justify torture during interrogation of dangerous
terrorists.

Question 59

The only legal model of torture that exists is in use in Columbia.

Question 60

Defense attorney Alan Dershowitz advocates use of judicially granted "torture
warrants" to justify severe punishment of convicted terrorists.

Question 61

What scenario has become a standard argument for the policy that torture is
justified?

Question 62

Italy had a problem with which terrorist group during the 1970s?

Question 63

Many definitions of terrorism include an element that the crimes are committed for
religious,political or ideological ______.

Question 64

Although it is allegedly being used during interrogation of suspected terrorists,
______ is a crime under federal law.

Question 65

One of the goals of al-Qaeda is to create an ______ composed of all Muslims
everywhere.

Question 66

Terrorism conducted by governments against their own people or persons in other
countries is termed ______.

Question 67

The primary federal statute authorizing the current war on terrorism is the ______
Act.

Question 68

The British met the challenge of the tension between security and the criminal justice
model by establishing ______ intended to impede the planning of terrorist attacks by
placing restrictions on suspected persons' freedom of movement and association.

Question 69

The issue of targeted killing highlights the critical importance of which strategy of
counterterrorism?

Question 70

What is the term applied to full body duking of prisoners who have been strapped to a
board,face covered by cloth,and have icy water poured over their face?