Deck 2: Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Question 1

Which is NOT a goal or objective of the Healthy People Initiative?

A)Eliminating health disparities among Americans
B)Decreasing prevalence of obesity among adults
C)Increasing the number of formula-fed infants in the U.S.
D)Reduction of deaths due to heart disease

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)?

A)For some groups,there is an established benefit of consuming nutrients at this level.
B)It is a not a recommended level for consumption.
C)Consuming nutrients at this level will probably cause adverse health effects.
D)The UL is set at the level of intake that causes adverse effects in 5% of the population .

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The nutritional analysis of a diet that follows The MyPlate recommendations would most closely resemble which DRI group?

A)EARs
B)RDAs
C)AIs
D)ULs

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

A)Prescribing what a person should eat each day
B)Prevention of nutrient deficiencies
C)Promotion of healthful eating
D)Reduction of chronic diseases

Question 5

Which of the following methods is MOST likely to provide accurate information about what a person typically eats?

A)A computerized food frequency questionnaire
B)A 3-day food record that includes a weekend day kept by the individual
C)Analyzing all grocery store and restaurant receipts kept over a 60 day time period
D)A diet history that includes a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

Question 6

Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label?

A)Calories from fat
B)Calories per serving as compared to comparable products
C)Percent daily values for key nutrients
D)Serving size

Question 7

A system that scores the average American diet is the:

A)Dietary Guidelines.
B)Food Guide Pyramid.
C)Exchange List.
D)Healthy Eating Index.

Question 8

A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)nutrient-dense foods.
B)medium amounts of high protein foods.
C)consuming more oils than solid fats.
D)eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

Question 9

Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A)Limit your intake of saturated fat,cholesterol,and trans fat.
B)Limit consumption of foods containing refined grains and added sugars.
C)Exercise three times a week.
D)Balance calories to maintain weight.

Question 10

Which is the FALSE statement regarding the MyPlate guidelines?

A)No matter your caloric requirements,MyPlate can be effectively used as a guide for eating.
B)MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity.
C)The amount of the plate covered by each food group is proportional to the amount each group should contribute to a healthy diet.
D)MyPlate emphasizes proportionality,variety,moderation and nutrient density.

Question 11

Recommended Dietary Allowances were first published in which decade?

A)1920s
B)1940s
C)1960s
D)1980s

Question 12

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)for a selected nutrient would meet the needs of approximately what percentage of individuals in a population?

A)33%
B)50%
C)75%
D)99%

Question 13

The variables used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements include:

A)age,BMI,weight and gender.
B)age,gender,weight,height,and physical activity level.
C)physical activity level,gender and BMI.
D)gender,age,weight,physical activity level and proportions of kcals consumed as fats.

Question 14

Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs?

A)RDAs recommend amounts of nutrients that can serve as a goal for individual intake.
B)The RDAs are one component of the DRIs.
C)The EARs are derived from the RDAs.
D)RDAs are often used in menu planning.

Question 15

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group?

A)33%
B)50%
C)75%
D)97-98%

Question 16

Which is the least logical use of information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?

A)Determining priorities for funding government health programs
B)Determining effectiveness of existing programs
C)Eestablishing daily requirements for major nutrients in selected population groups
D)Planning public policy and goals

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an authorized health claim associating intake with a health consequence?

A)Soluble fiber and coronary heart disease
B)Dietary fat and cancer risk
C)Sodium intake and blood pressure
D)Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts

Question 18

How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined?

A)By contribution to total weight
B)By contribution to total volume
C)By nutrient density
D)In alphabetical order

Question 19

Which would most likely be used to plan menus for a school breakfast and lunch program?

A)AIs
B)DRVs
C)RDAs
D)ULs

Question 20

The purpose of the AMDRs is to:

A)make recommendations for the proportions of fats,carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.
B)inform people how to choose from all the different food groups.
C)allow individuals to calculate their energy needs and to determine how their diet meets these needs.
D)encourage individuals to make healthy food choices.

Question 21

The descriptor,Healthy,can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in:

A)fat,saturated fat,sodium,and cholesterol.
B)fat,fiber and protein.
C)fat,sugar and cholesterol.
D)fat,sodium and protein.

Question 22

Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet.

A)1000
B)1500
C)2000
D)2500

Question 23

A complete nutritional assessment would include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)laboratory measurements.
B)past and present dietary intake information.
C)setting nutritional goals.
D)anthropometric measurements.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE?

A)Food frequency questionnaires do not give specific information about an individual's food intake.
B)Food records are reliable but individuals may change their usual intake while recording his or her intake.
C)The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.
D)Food intake records should include one weekend day for greatest accuracy.

Question 25

Computer software can be used to analyze diets.The most appropriate time to use a nutrition analysis program would be when:

A)checking for a clinical symptom of nutritional deficiency.
B)you wanted to know how many third graders in a classroom ate breakfast.
C)comparing the planned menu for children in an elementary school to the RDAs.
D)determining the estimated energy requirements of senior citizens.

Question 26

Nutrition Facts labels contain information about which minerals?

A)Calcium and iron
B)Calcium and zinc
C)Iron and magnesium
D)Iron and zinc

Question 27

A question such as "Who does the grocery shopping in your house?" would most appropriately be included in a:

A)24-hour recall.
B)diet history.
C)food frequency questionnaire.
D)food record.

Question 28

The three main categories in the Exchange List are carbohydrate,meat and meat substitutes,and:

A)protein.
B)fiber.
C)fruits & vegetables.
D)fat.

Question 29

Which statement regarding foods selected in a restaurant is FALSE?

A)A menu item labeled "low fat" must meet the same criteria as a packaged product with a "low fat" label.
B)Nutrient claims about menu items must be backed up with appropriate nutrition information.
C)A restaurant cannot make a health claim on its menu.
D)Restaurants are not required to have food labels unless the establishment has 20 or more locations.

Question 30

Which health claim on a food label is NOT allowed?

A)Diets low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of some types of cancer.
B)Diets rich in vitamin C will reduce the incidence of colds and flu.
C)Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps maintain bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
D)Diets high in sodium may increase the risk of high blood pressure in some people.

Question 31

Analysis of blood can be used to determine:

A)what someone ate the previous day.
B)glucose and cholesterol levels.
C)an individual's overall nutritional status.
D)bone mineral density.

Question 32

Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010?

A)Recommendations are made for specific amounts of individual nutrients.
B)The DGA 2010 is based on the DRIs.
C)They are intended to promote health and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk of chronic disease.
D)These recommendations are designed for Americans 19 years and older.

Question 33

To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain,the MyPlate guide recommends:

A)a minimum of 150 minutes of activity weekly.
B)30 minutes most days of the week.
C)60 minutes 3 days of the week.
D)75-100 minutes of vigorous activity every 10 days.

Question 34

Which is NOT an anthropometric measurement?

A)Blood glucose level
B)Height
C)Weight in kilograms
D)Wrist circumference

Question 35

Food Disappearance Surveys are used to identify:

A)general trends in food intake among a population.
B)processing losses.
C)at-risk groups in the population.
D)marketing trends.

Question 36

Using dietary information provided by ______________would be the most practical approach to evaluate your own diet.

A)Exchange Lists
B)Dietary Guidelines for Americans
C)DRVs
D)MyPlate

Question 37

____________ are used when not enough information is available to establish an EAR for a particular nutrient.

A)AIs
B)DRIs
C)RDAs
D)ULs

Question 38

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when:

A)large quantities of food are consumed by highly trained athletes.
B)people are recovering from surgery and need more kcalories.
C)dietary supplements are taken.
D)people eat meat from wild game animals.

Question 39

Exchange lists:

A)are the basis of MyPlate.
B)group foods according to macronutrient and energy content.
C)simplify MyPlate for the general population.
D)were first developed to help people lose weight.

Question 40

Nutrition Facts labels include information about which vitamins?

A)A & C
B)A & E
C)A & D
D)C & D

Question 41

How do the goals and objectives of Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Healthy People Initiative differ? How are they similar?

Question 42

Explain the differences between the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR),Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs),Adequate Intakes (AIs)and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs).

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding "qualified" health claims?

A)They result from significant scientific agreement.
B)They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation.
C)Their use on food labels does not require FDA approval.
D)They can only be used on dietary supplements.

Question 44

Empty calories are:

A)from added sugars and/or solid fats.
B)contributed by junk foods and are completely banned in a healthy diet.
C)suggested to be limited to ≤ 50% of the kcals in a healthy diet.
D)the kcals consumed when an eating plan other than MyPlate is followed.

Question 45

The amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the needs of 50% of people in the same gender and life stage group is the:

A)EAR.
B)RAE.
C)AI.
D)RDA.

Question 46

Explain the purpose of RDAs,EARs,and ULs.

Question 47

The recommendation of moderation in healthy diets:

A)means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.
B)means choosing nutrient dense foods as often as energy-dense foods.
C)relates to consuming moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 48

A food frequency questionnaire reveals that an individual has very low energy intake.What other information would be needed before a diagnosis of malnutrition could be made?

A)Anthropometric measurements
B)Medical history
C)Physical exam
D)All of these analyses would be required.

Question 49

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 considers all of the following healthy eating patterns EXCEPT:

A)USDA Food Patterns.
B)the Asian Cultural Food Consumption Program.
C)Mediterranean-style eating pattern.
D)the DASH Eating Plan.

Question 50

Describe the components of a complete nutritional assessment for an individual?

Question 51

On the MyPlate guide,oils are:

A)listed in the fat group.
B)included and recommendations are given in teaspoons.
C)not given specific consideration.
D)considered empty calories.

Question 52

The MyPlate plan separates foods into groups to help Americans apply the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines to their individual diets.These groups are:

A)milk,meat,grains,fruits & vegetables and legumes.
B)meat,milk,beans & nuts,grains and fruits & vegetables.
C)fruits,vegetables,grains,protein foods and dairy.
D)grains,vegetables,fruits,dairy and meat,beans & nuts.

Question 53

Describe two uses for information gleaned from a national food disappearance survey.

Question 54

Which of the following is true of structure/function claims?

A)FDA approval is required.
B)They do NOT have to be accompanied by a disclaimer.
C)Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease.
D)Common examples are "high fiber and "fat free".

Question 55

How would donuts be categorized in the MyPlate food plan?

A)Grains & dairy
B)Protein & grains
C)Grains & empty calories
D)Empty calories & vegetables

Question 56

How do Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)differ from the original RDAs?

Question 57

Which statement about proportionality is true?

A)Proportionality means we need to eat more of some types of foods than others.
B)Proportionality is represented by the area covered on the MyPlate logo.
C)Proportionality indicates that grains,vegetables,fruits and dairy are the groups from which to eat the most foods.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 58

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the MyPlate web site?

A)The tools on the web site are only applicable to a 2000 kcal dietary requirement.
B)Nutrition information can be personalized for individuals.
C)The website allows individuals to analyze their diets for energy and nutrient intake.
D)The website is of little use to those Americans without internet access.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true about the Daily Values standards?

A)DVs help consumers know if a food is a good source of a particular nutrient.
B)A DV of 5% or less on a food label indicates that the food is low in that nutrient.
C)The DVs may overestimate nutrient needs for some populations but they would never underestimate the requirements for any group.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 60

Which statement about dietary supplements is true?

A)The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.
B)All dietary supplements are produced according to the same strict laws that govern drug manufacturing.
C)All dietary supplements must be approved by the FDA to ensure safety and effectiveness.
D)Dietary supplements cannot be removed from the market once they are introduced.

Question 61

Indicate on the diagram where nutrient levels are set for the following standards.Then,briefly define or describe the standard: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels,Recommended Dietary Allowance,Estimated Average Requirement.

Question 62

Jason is a 24-year-old computer programmer,working about 55 hours a week.He has gained a little weight recently and thinks he will have more energy and feel better if he made more healthful food selections.He cooks for himself at home and usually buys lunch at the company cafeteria.The following is a 24-hour recall from Jason:
A.How does Jason's diet compare to the MyPlate recommendations?
B.What would you suggest that Jason do to improve his diet?
C.If this 24-hour recall were typical of Jason's diet,how would you evaluate it against the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
D.If cookies are labeled "Low Fat" what does this tell you about the energy content,or kcalories,in the cookies?
E.What things might Jason do to incorporate more fruits and vegetables into his diet? What kinds of foods would be good choices for snacks,especially if Jason decides to take some to work?

Question 63

A.What is the primary ingredient (greatest by weight)in this supplement?
B.Are the structure/function claims made on the label of this supplement approved by the FDA?
C.How do you know if the claim is/is not approved?
D.Based on the label information,is it possible for this supplement to replace a food in the diet or does the supplement replace a component found in food? Explain your answer.

Question 64

Identify the food group represented by each colored portion on MyPlate.List two foods to increase and two to reduce.

Question 65

Indicate the nutrients that are low in this food,and those that are high,based on the Daily Value.Is this food a good choice for someone limiting their intake of saturated fat? Why or why not?