Deck 8: The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamins may be lost when food is processed.When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level,the food is said to be:

A)enhanced.
B)fortified.
C)enriched.
D)supplemented.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement concerning vitamins is incorrect?

A)Vitamins are organic compounds.
B)If a vitamin is not provided by the diet,the body will synthesize it.
C)The vitamin content of a food may be affected by cooking and processing.
D)Vitamins are essential for growth,reproduction and health.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet.

A)riboflavin
B)thiamin
C)vitamin C
D)niacin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because:

A)grain products are now fortified with folate.
B)green tea is more popular.
C)more people are drinking low-fat milk.
D)taking vitamin supplements is more common.

Question 5

Which statement regarding fortification of foods in the U.S.is NOT true?

A)Fortification is always regulated by the FDA.
B)Fortification can be an arbitrary act of the food manufacturer.
C)Fortification can lead to nutrient imbalances and toxicities.
D)Fortification of juice can help individuals meet their daily calcium requirement.

Question 6

The ____________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body.

A)large intestine
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)mouth

Question 7

Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

A)Adsorption
B)Assimilation
C)Bioavailability
D)Functionality

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT affect thiamin availability in food?

A)Presence of other vitamins
B)Enzymes found in raw fish
C)Compounds found in blueberries,tea and coffee
D)Heat,as generated in cooking

Question 9

Which group of people is most at risk for developing thiamin deficiency?

A)Tobacco users
B)Endurance athletes
C)Older adults
D)Chronic alcoholics

Question 10

Riboflavin supplementation:

A)is recommended for those with low fiber intake.
B)can decrease the high risk for deficiency in the American public.
C)can improve vision.
D)does not provide an energy boost.

Question 11

The symptom(s)of thiamin deficiency best explained by its role in glucose metabolism are:

A)depression and weakness.
B)paralysis.
C)hunger.
D)atherosclerosis.

Question 12

When the vitamins lost in grain processing are restored,which is a nutrient typically NOT added back?

A)Iron
B)Thiamin
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Riboflavin

Question 13

The process of adding nutrients to foods is called:

A)enrichment.
B)fortification.
C)milling.
D)supplementation.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true?

A)Vitamins provide energy.
B)Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water-soluble vitamin.
C)Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body.
D)Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States.

Question 15

Riboflavin forms active coenzymes that do all the following except:

A)assist with energy production from carbohydrates,proteins and fats.
B)function as electron carriers.
C)participate in the citric acid cycle.
D)relay signals between nerve cells.

Question 16

A person consuming a diet deficient in dairy products but otherwise adequate,would have the most difficulty obtaining sufficient amounts of which vitamin?

A)Niacin
B)Riboflavin
C)Iron
D)Vitamin C

Question 17

Many B vitamins function as ______,which bind to enzymes to promote their activity.

A)provitamins
B)transport proteins
C)coenzymes
D)hormones

Question 18

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to:

A)light.
B)vitamin C.
C)oxygen.
D)acid.

Question 19

Which is a good dietary source of thiamin?

A)Sunflower seeds
B)Pork
C)Whole grains
D)All of the above

Question 20

A primary function of thiamin is to:

A)increase iron incorporation into hemoglobin.
B)regulate cell differentiation.
C)promote blood clotting.
D)facilitate the production of energy from glucose.

Question 21

Vitamin B₆ status is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the amount of fat in the diet.
B)oral contraceptives.
C)exposure of food to heat and light.
D)alcohol ingestion.

Question 22

Vitamin B₆ is NOT involved in which physiologic process?

A)Formation of non-essential amino acids
B)Hemoglobin synthesis
C)Collagen formation
D)Formation of white blood cells important for immunity

Question 23

Which statement is FALSE regarding pantothenic acid?

A)Deficiency has been associated with consumption of raw eggs.
B)It is found only in a few select foods.
C)Toxicity is a concern due to food enrichment in the U.S.
D)All of the above are false.

Question 24

Pellagra occurs when _________ is the staple grain in the diet and the diet does not provide a mixture of different foods.

A)corn
B)wheat
C)rice
D)barley

Question 25

Niacin supplements:

A)are commonly used in the US since niacin deficiency is a public health concern.
B)provide an essential energy boost.
C)may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol.
D)are associated with an increase in heart attacks.

Question 26

Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies?

A)Riboflavin
B)Biotin
C)B₁₂
D)Folic acid

Question 27

Symptoms of ariboflavinosis do NOT include:

A)inflammation of the eyes and mouth.
B)scaly,greasy skin eruptions.
C)confusion.
D)megoblastic anemia.

Question 28

Which is the FALSE statement regarding biotin?

A)Biotin functions in the metabolism of some amino acids.
B)An RDA for biotin has not been determined.
C)Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine.
D)People on tube feedings may become deficient.

Question 29

Pantothenic acid is abundant in:

A)raw spinach.
B)sunflower seeds.
C)apples.
D)All of the above.

Question 30

Which is true regarding niacin?

A)It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.
B)Eggs are a good source of preformed niacin.
C)The niacin deficiency disease is beriberi.
D)Corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies.

Question 31

Which disease is caused by niacin deficiency?

A)Beriberi
B)Scurvy
C)Pellagra
D)None of the above

Question 32

Which food is the best source of folate?

A)Lentils
B)Chicken
C)Cheese
D)Brown rice

Question 33

Biotin is tightly bound by avidin,which prevents absorption of the vitamin.Avidin is commonly found in:

A)egg whites.
B)kidney beans.
C)peanuts.
D)spinach.

Question 34

A common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is:

A)dermatitis.
B)flushing of the skin.
C)dementia.
D)hives.

Question 35

Pantothenic acid forms part of which molecule?

A)Coenzyme A
B)Flavinadenine dinucleotide
C)Pyridoxal phosphate
D)Adenosine triphosphate

Question 36

Which statement about niacin is true?

A)There is no UL established for niacin intake.
B)Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients.
C)Niacin deficiency causes adverse effects in limited areas of the body.
D)Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan.

Question 37

The RDA for B₆ in adults ____________ with aging.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)stays the same
D)increases for males but decreases for females

Question 38

Another name for vitamin B₆ is:

A)pantothenic acid.
B)biotin.
C)pyruvate.
D)pyridoxine.

Question 39

B₆ deficiency does NOT cause:

A)neurological symptoms.
B)numbness in the extremities.
C)anemia with large,deeply colored red blood cells.
D)decreased antibody formation.

Question 40

Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.In clinical studies,which vitamins have been shown to decrease homocysteine levels in the blood?

A)Vitamins A,C & E
B)Riboflavin,A & folate
C)B₆,folate & B₁₂
D)Pantothenic acid,riboflavin & biotin

Question 41

Low folate status increases the risk of:

A)type 1 diabetes.
B)heart disease.
C)renal dysfunction.
D)All of the above

Question 42

High folate intake may:

A)increase the incidence of colon cancer.
B)cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites.
C)mask a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency,giving rise to permanent nerve damage.
D)cause acne.

Question 43

Which physiologic process requires vitamin B₁₂?

A)Division of red blood cells
B)Synthesis of proteins
C)Activation of niacin
D)Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission

Question 44

Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C?

A)Drinking alcohol
B)Exercising frequently and intensely
C)Smoking cigarettes
D)Eating a diet high in fiber

Question 45

Which is the FALSE statement regarding vitamin C?

A)Vitamin C may decrease the duration of the common cold.
B)People prone to developing certain types of kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplementation.
C)Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver,so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop.
D)Vitamin C supplements are unlikely to cause toxicity.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a major function of vitamin C in the body?

A)Formation of collagen
B)Facilitating release of energy from glucose
C)Protection against damage from free radicals
D)Enhancing iron absorption

Question 47

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor results in:

A)beriberi.
B)scurvy.
C)pernicious anemia.
D)pellagra.

Question 48

Vitamin C deficiency causes:

A)bleeding gums.
B)hemolysis.
C)pernicious anemia.
D)megaloblastic anemia.

Question 49

Which group is at risk for folate deficiency?

A)Premature infants
B)Elderly
C)Smokers
D)All of the above

Question 50

Absorption of vitamin B₁₂ is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT:

A)adequate stomach acid.
B)pepsin.
C)intrinsic factor.
D)amylase.

Question 51

For which group is taking vitamin B₁₂ supplements the LEAST beneficial?

A)People eating diets high in animal products
B)Older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid
C)People who do not consume animal products
D)Breast- fed infants whose mothers are vegans

Question 52

Which is the best source of vitamin C?

A)Strawberries
B)Corn
C)Milk
D)Beef

Question 53

Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency?

A)Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables
B)Infants fed cows' milk
C)Alcoholics
D)Elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets

Question 54

Which statement about choline is correct?

A)It has no identified,important roles in normal homeostasis.
B)It is classified as a vitamin since it cannot be synthesized in the body.
C)Deficiency causes kidney problems.
D)There is an established UL for choline intake due to toxicity symptoms.

Question 55

Meeting vitamin B₁₂ needs from the diet is especially difficult for:

A)athletes undergoing rigorous training.
B)infants.
C)vegans.
D)pregnant women.

Question 56

Folate deficiency may cause all the following except:

A)development of cancer.
B)microcytic anemia.
C)poor growth.
D)inflammation of the tongue.

Question 57

Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for:

A)post-menopausal women.
B)women who may become pregnant.
C)toddlers.
D)the elderly.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is true?

A)Connective tissue abnormalities are common.
B)Symptoms can appear quite rapidly.
C)Myelin degeneration can cause neurological symptoms.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 59

The role of folate in DNA synthesis makes it particularly important in:

A)lipid synthesis.
B)rapidly dividing cells.
C)nerve cells.
D)old age.

Question 60

Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which nutrient?

A)Glucose
B)Iron
C)Zinc
D)Fluoride

Question 61

Choline deficiency may contribute to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)neurological disorders.
B)development of diabetes.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)liver disease.