Deck 49: Confusion and Dementia

Question 1

Pseudodementia is :

A) When signs,symptoms,and behaviors of Alzheimer's disease ( AD )increase during hours of darkness
B) The loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal,social,and occupational activities
C) A false dementia
D) A state of temporary but acute mental confusion

Answer 1

A false dementia

Question 2

Delirium is:

A) A false belief
B) The loss of cognitive function caused by changes in the brain
C) A false disorder of the mind
D) A state of sudden,severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function

Answer 2

A state of sudden,severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function

Question 3

Cognitive function involves which of the following?

A) Muscle movement
B) Reasoning and understanding
C) Breathing and heartbeats
D) The senses and mobility

Answer 3

Reasoning and understanding

Question 4

Which is an early warning sign of dementia?

A) Getting lost in familiar places
B) Not remembering your name
C) Increased judgment
D) Not recognizing self or family members

Question 5

A resident is confused.Which is correct?

A) Remove the person's eyeglasses and hearing aid to prevent loss or breakage.
B) Ask the person to snap out of it.
C) Suggest the person return to his or her room.
D) Discuss current events with the person.

Question 6

Dementia is:

A) A false belief
B) The loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal,social,and occupational activities
C) A false disorder of the mind
D) A state of temporary but acute mental confusion

Question 7

A delusion is:

A) A false belief
B) Seeing,hearing,smelling,or feeling something that is not real
C) A false disorder of the mind
D) A state of temporary but acute mental confusion

Question 8

A resident is confused.She thinks her name is "Mary Gold." What should you do?

A) Use the name she prefers.
B) Use her real name.
C) Check her ID bracelet instead of calling her by name.
D) Tell her that she is not Mary Gold and explain who she is.

Question 9

Which statement about acute confusion is correct?

A) It occurs gradually over time.
B) It is usually permanent.
C) Infection,illness,and injury are common causes.
D) It is caused by increased blood flow to the brain.

Question 10

Confusion can occur in older persons because:

A) Blood supply to the brain is reduced
B) Physical disabilities occur
C) Infection is a risk
D) Drugs cause side effects

Question 11

A resident is confused.Which is correct?

A) Close the drapes during the day.
B) Turn on a night-light at bedtime.
C) Provide an exciting and stimulating setting.
D) Perform all ADL for the person.

Question 12

A resident is confused.The person usually naps after lunch.You should:

A) Follow the person's routine
B) Prevent the person from taking a nap
C) Help the person change into sleepwear
D) Use music and other activities to distract the person

Question 13

A hallucination is:

A) A false belief
B) Seeing,hearing,smelling,or feeling something that is not real
C) A false disorder of the mind
D) A state of temporary but acute mental confusion

Question 14

Which statement is correct?

A) Changes in the brain and nervous system occur with aging.
B) The brain is protected from diseases by the skull.
C) Changes in the brain only affect cognitive function and not physical function.
D) When the brain is affected,signs,symptoms,and behaviors are permanent.

Question 15

Sundowning is:

A) When signs,symptoms,and behaviors of Alzheimer's disease (AD)increase during hours of darkness
B) The loss of cognitive and social function caused by changes in the brain
C) A false dementia
D) A state of temporary but acute mental confusion

Question 16

Which is the most common cause of permanent dementia?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Cerebrovascular disease
C) Alzheimer's disease (AD)
D) Multi-infarct dementia

Question 17

Which statement about permanent dementia is correct?

A) There is no cure.
B) Loss of cognitive function declines suddenly.
C) Disease progression is the same for everyone affected.
D) The person has signs and symptoms of anxiety.

Question 18

A patient is confused.When communicating with the person,which is correct?

A) Avoid touch.
B) Ask clear and simple questions.
C) Ask the person to respond to you immediately to keep him focused.
D) Give thorough answers.

Question 19

A resident is confused.It is time for the person's shower.What should you do?

A) Explain what you are going to do and why.
B) Ask the person to undress.
C) Ask if the person wants a tub bath or shower.
D) Let the confusion pass before you assist with the person's shower.

Question 20

A patient is confused.What would you anticipate would be a part of the patient's care plan?

A) Give the date and time when the person asks for it.
B) Stand from behind the person.
C) State your name and show your name tag.
D) Provide stimulation by rearranging the person's furniture and belongings.

Question 21

The Alzheimer's Association has a program for persons who wander.The program is called:

A) MedicAlert + Safe Return.
B) Take Me Home.
C) Call Home.
D) Return Home.

Question 22

A resident has AD.The person's hallucinations include seeing "kitty cats" in the closet.Which of the following measures will be helpful?

A) Helping the person search the closet
B) Moving the person and his or her belongings to another room
C) Asking the person's roommate to prove there are no kittens in the closet
D) Taking the person for a walk

Question 23

Which of the following occurs early in AD?

A) Sleeping a lot
B) Problems managing money
C) Depending on others for care
D) Problems with bowel and bladder control

Question 24

A resident has AD.She tends to wander.Her care plan should include which of the following?

A) Make sure her ID bracelet is on if she plans to go outside.
B) Keep door alarms turned off so that they do not scare her.
C) Explain to her why she cannot go outside when it is dark.
D) Let her wander in an enclosed garden.

Question 25

A resident has AD.The person has the following behaviors.Which has the greatest risk for danger?

A) Wandering
B) Delusions
C) Catastrophic reactions
D) Screaming

Question 26

Which statement about wandering is correct?

A) There is always a cause.
B) The person is trying to be defiant.
C) Drug side effects are usually not related.
D) Pain,restlessness,and anxiety are possible causes.

Question 27

Which statement about depression is correct?

A) It is an uncommon in older persons.
B) Depression,aging,and some drug side effects have similar signs and symptoms.
C) Depression typically targets females more than males.
D) The person hallucinates and has attention problems.

Question 28

A resident is in the last stage of AD.Which of the following would you anticipate being in the person's plan of care?

A) Measures to ensure safe driving
B) Provide for all ADLs
C) Incontinence care
D) Daily field trips

Question 29

A resident has AD.The person thinks the food contains poison.Which will help the person?

A) Offering to taste the food
B) Distracting the person
C) Telling the person that she will not receive any other food tonight so she better trust you and eat
D) Sending the person to her room to finish eating dinner

Question 30

A resident has AD.The person's hallucinations include seeing "kitty cats" in the closet.Which of the following measures will be helpful?

A) Making sure the person wears needed eyeglasses
B) Rationalizing with the person that the facility does not allow cats
C) Requiring the person to remain in his or her room until the hallucinations stop
D) Explaining that there are no cats in the nursing center

Question 31

Which statement about Alzheimer's disease (AD)is correct?

A) Brain cells controlling intellectual and social function are damaged.
B) It is usually diagnosed at a very young age.
C) Memory and mental abilities suddenly decline.
D) Sudden in onset,the disease progresses over many years.

Question 32

A resident has AD.The person thinks the food contains poison.This is called:

A) A hallucination
B) A delusion
C) A catastrophic reaction
D) Sundowning

Question 33

Which statement about delirium is correct?

A) Onset is gradual.
B) It occurs only in the older adult population.
C) It is an emergency.
D) The cause is usually not known.

Question 34

Signs and symptoms of delirium include which of the following?

A) Constipation
B) Drowsiness and problems concentrating
C) Hallucinations and delusions
D) Manic episodes

Question 35

What is the classic sign of AD?

A) Problems finding or speaking the right word
B) Poor judgment
C) Forgetting how to use simple,everyday things
D) Gradual loss of short-term memory

Question 36

At what age does AD usually occur?

A) Between age 30 and 40
B) Between age 40 and 50
C) After age 60
D) Around age 80

Question 37

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)is:

A) A type of AD
B) A type of memory change affecting the person's memory,language,and other mental functions
C) A type of pseudodementia
D) Dementia caused by drug and alcohol abuse

Question 38

A resident with AD experiences sundowning every day.The person's care plan should include which of the following?

A) Complete treatments and activities later on in the day.
B) Meet food,fluid,and elimination needs.
C) Ask the person what the problem is.
D) Provide low lighting.

Question 39

Catastrophic reactions usually occur from:

A) Elimination needs
B) Hunger
C) Too many stimuli
D) Lack of sleep

Question 40

What is the cause of AD?

A) Family history
B) Down syndrome
C) Aging
D) Unknown

Question 41

A patient has AD.To gain the person's attention,you need to:

A) Approach the person from behind
B) Approach the person from the side
C) Approach the person from the front
D) Lightly touch the person's arm

Question 42

A resident has AD.The person's communication is impaired.When talking to the person,you need to do which of the following?

A) Use a loud voice so that he hears you.
B) Speak quickly,before he forgets what you said.
C) Give the person time to respond.
D) Explain why the person's answer is wrong.

Question 43

A maintenance worker left a hammer at the nurses' station.What should you do?

A) Leave it there.
B) Ask the maintenance department to send someone to pick it up.
C) Place it in a secure drawer.Then report its location to the maintenance department.
D) Look for the maintenance worker who left it.

Question 44

A resident has AD.She is trying to rub her perineum through her clothes.Which is correct?

A) The behavior is sexual.
B) She may be trying to get the attention of a male.
C) She needs to be counseled regarding inappropriate touch.
D) She may have pain or discomfort in her urinary or reproductive system.

Question 45

While caring for a person with AD,you find yourself becoming frustrated and short-tempered.Which is correct?

A) The person has made you feel this way.
B) The person deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.
C) The person is responsible for agitated,aggressive,and wandering behaviors.
D) The person should be restrained so that you can get your work done.

Question 46

A resident has problems finding her room,the bathroom,the dining room,and so on.Which of the following might help her?

A) Telling her the date,the time,and the place
B) Showing her where things are
C) Picture signs
D) Keeping personal items where she can see them

Question 47

A patient has AD.The person is trying to tell you something.What should you do?

A) Ask the person simple questions.
B) Let the person speak.Do not interrupt or rush the person.
C) Offer words and ideas to help the person communicate.
D) Tell the person you understand.

Question 48

Persons with AD may have abnormal sexual behaviors.The behaviors are abnormal because:

A) Persons with AD do not have sexual needs
B) Of how and when they occur
C) They are high risk for STDs
D) Persons with AD cannot perform sexually

Question 49

A resident has AD.You find the following items in the person's room.Which is unsafe?

A) A quilt
B) Shampoo
C) Socks
D) A sweater

Question 50

A person has AD.Sometimes the person has repetitive behaviors.This means that the person:

A) Repeats the same motions over and over again
B) Does things that are harmful
C) Repeats things the person said and did during childhood
D) Does everything twice

Question 51

Persons with AD are at risk for:

A) Infection
B) Stroke
C) Heart attack
D) Diarrhea

Question 52

You care for several persons with AD.Why must you report behavior changes to the nurse?

A) They may signal other illnesses or injuries.
B) Persons with AD cannot report such changes.
C) Persons with AD depend on others for care.
D) It is your responsibility to report signs and symptoms.

Question 53

A resident has AD.When planning activities for the person,the therapist considers:

A) What equipment and supplies are available
B) How much time is available
C) The person's abilities and interests
D) Staff interests and needs

Question 54

A resident has AD.As death nears,the person may need:

A) Hospice care
B) Restraints
C) An Alzheimer's Association support group
D) Supervised activities

Question 55

A resident has AD.His wife visits daily.They like to touch,hold hands,and kiss.Which action is correct?

A) Discouraging such contact
B) Providing privacy
C) Allowing only supervised visits
D) Trying to distract them

Question 56

A resident has AD.You find him masturbating in another person's room.What should you do?

A) Tell him to stop what he is doing.
B) Explain that his behavior is not appropriate.
C) Close the room door to provide for privacy.
D) Guide him to his room.

Question 57

A resident has AD.The person easily becomes agitated and combative.Which of the following measures might help the person?

A) Suggesting a change in the person's routine to offer variety
B) Keeping noise levels high
C) Showing movies from the person's past
D) Changing the person's room

Question 58

A resident has AD.Sometimes the person is agitated and combative.The person is pacing and trying to hit others.Which of the following measures will be helpful?

A) Restraining the person
B) Telling the person to have a seat
C) Sending the person to his room
D) Providing a calm,quiet setting

Question 59

Persons with AD may have abnormal sexual behaviors.Which is a normal behavior?

A) Undressing in front of other residents
B) Masturbating in the dining room
C) Hugging and kissing one's partner
D) Fondling another person

Question 60

A patient has AD.You are helping her dress.You should:

A) Decide what she will wear
B) Let her choose from a dress,pant suit,sweat suit,or a skirt and blouse
C) Let her choose between a dress and a pant suit
D) Explain why she needs to wear undergarments

Question 61

A resident has AD.You are helping the person dress.Which of the following will cause the fewest problems?

A) A front-opening garment that closes with Velcro
B) A pullover garment
C) A back-opening garment that closes with buttons
D) Pants that close with a zipper and hook

Question 62

A resident has AD.The person's care plan should include which of the following measures to promote sleep?

A) Follow the person's bedtime rituals.
B) Keep the resident's overhead light on during the night so he or she does not become frightened.
C) Encourage the person to nap during the day.
D) Encourage caffeine during the day.

Question 63

A person with AD may react to a caregiver or family member by screaming.

Question 64

To protect persons with AD,you need to do which of the following?

A) Keep utility room doors unlocked.
B) Restrain them at night so they do not escape.
C) Always keep their doors closed so they cannot leave.
D) Place safety plugs in electrical outlets.

Question 65

Some nursing centers have special care units for persons with AD and other dementias.Which is correct?

A) These units have no other licensing or accreditation standards for such units.
B) There is no additional staff training required to work on these units.
C) The person's rights are always protected.
D) The health team reviews the person's need for the unit at least twice a year.

Question 66

A resident has AD.You are helping the person dress.You should do which of the following?

A) Leave the room when the person puts on undergarments to protect the right to privacy.
B) Set a timer so that the person will work toward getting dressed.
C) Hand the person his or her stack of clothes and tell him or her to get dressed.
D) Tell the person what to do with each clothing item.

Question 67

A resident has AD.She tends to wander and is sometimes combative.Her son asks you to restrain her.Which is correct?

A) Restraints require a doctor's order.
B) Restraints are used if the family requests them.
C) Restraints can make confused and demented behaviors improve.
D) Patients with Alzheimer's do not have the right to be free from restraints.

Question 68

Confused and demented behaviors are often hard to deal with.Therefore persons who are confused or have AD are at risk for:

A) Behavior changes
B) Infection
C) Falls and other injures
D) Abuse,mistreatment,and neglect

Question 69

A person has AD.Which can offer the person's daughter support and encouragement?

A) The sandwich generation
B) OBRA
C) An AD support group
D) The American Dementia Association

Question 70

A nursing center has a secured unit for persons with AD.Which is correct?

A) OBRA considers secured units to be physical restraints.
B) A family's request is needed to place a person on a secured unit.
C) The person remains on the secured unit until death.
D) Only persons with aggressive behaviors are allowed on a secured unit.

Question 71

Proper use of validation therapy requires special training.

Question 72

A resident has AD.When providing for the person's basic needs,it is best to:

A) Give the person many choices
B) Complete the person's care as fast as possible
C) Have equipment ready for any procedure
D) Provide stimulation to distract the person

Question 73

A resident has AD.She carries a small stuffed animal that is coming apart at the seams.What should you do?

A) Ask the family to bring her a new one.
B) Take it from her so that it can be repaired.
C) Ask her why she carries it all the time.
D) Protect it from further damage.

Question 74

A person has AD.The person's daughter has three children in high school and college.The daughter is likely to find herself in:

A) Generation X
B) The "Baby Boom" generation
C) Generation Y
D) The sandwich generation