Deck 16: A Sense of Justice

Question 1

For Rawls.in order for moral persons to develop moral capabilities like knowing "the good" and pursuing justice,they must create a society based on ______.

A)"the good" and justice
B)on teleology and deontology
C)fair procedures and conditions
D)respect for persons

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Rawls' book,A Theory of Justice,is specifically intended to provide a clear alternative to ______.

A)consequentialist or utilitarian thought
B)Aristotle's theory of justice
C)Plato's theory of justice
D)theories of social justice

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Rawls does not pretend to identify the totality of ______ that would satisfy the demands of the basic structure of society.

A)morals
B)principles
C)equality
D)justice

Answer 3

B

Question 4

To ensure that no one will gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of his or her particular circumstances in society,we choose the principles of justice behind
A ______.

A)perspective of origin
B)veil of ignorance
C)difference of virtues
D)none of these

Question 5

Rawls argues that moral people have two traits,a ______.

A)concern for both results and duties
B)a sincere concern for both their welfare and the welfare of others
C)a sense of justice and the capacity to pursue the "good" in a rational manner
D)an appreciation of both deontological and Kantian theories of ethics

Question 6

For Rawls,______ is the basic structure of society,and the basis for describing how major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties:

A)utility
B)"the good"
C)equality
D)justice

Question 7

Rawls' theory deals primarily with ______ justice.

A)legal
B)social
C)racial
D)political

Question 8

Rawls contends that any ______ must benefit everyone,but in particular,it must benefit the least advantaged.

A)punishment
B)judgment
C)inequality
D)difference

Question 9

Rawls's conception of ______ has an ancient and classical origin.

A)morals
B)virtues
C)justice
D)ignorance

Question 10

Rawls favors an emphasis on rights of ______ rather than the means.

A)criminals
B)the upper class
C)the lower class
D)individuals

Question 11

Rawls contends that we can discover the nature of a ______ society by ascertaining the kind of society that would be chosen by those in the original position.

A)rational
B)just
C)moral
D)family

Question 12

The ______ would seem to apply naturally to inequalities arising from the creation of new jobs.

A)inequality principle
B)morality principle
C)social contract
D)difference principle

Question 13

Rawls' believes that the two principles of justice that would be chosen by persons in the original position concern ______.

A)maximizing liberties,but minimizing social inequalities
B)maximizing liberties and arranging social and economic inequalities to the advantage of all
C)minimizing liberties and maximizing social inequalities
D)maximizing social equalities

Question 14

Rawls describes his principles as ______.

A)principles of social justice that provide means of assigning rights and duties in the institutions of society
B)moral justifications
C)principles that define an appropriate distribution of benefits and burdens
D)both principles of social justice that provide means of assigning rights and duties in the institutions of society and principles that define an appropriate distribution of
Benefits and burdens

Question 15

Rawls argues that moral persons have two distinguishing features ______.

A)they understand "the good" and have a sense of justice
B)they know right from wrong,and have a sense of justice
C)they want to do "good," and know injustice when they see it
D)they neither believe in a "good," nor in the concept of "justice"

Question 16

Equality is a mark of ______ justice,and any acts promoting equality are justified, providing they do not worsen the situation of the least advantaged.

A)institutional
B)ethical
C)social
D)moral

Question 17

Rawls attempts to demonstrate that if the parties are ______ and act only in their own self-interest,they will choose the two principles of justice he put forth.

A)rational
B)just
C)moral
D)family

Question 18

Rawls argues that moral persons possess a/an ______,as well as the capacity to pursue a conception of "the good" in a rational manner.

A)rational mind
B)sense of justice
C)ignorance
D)appreciation of values

Question 19

Rawls sees the inclusion of ______ as one significant way in which his first principle of justice could be institutionalized in a given society.

A)court rules
B)prisoner rights
C)a Bill of Rights in the U.S.Constitution
D)morals

Question 20

Rawls asserts it is the business of ______ to establish fundamental principles that would govern a morally good society.

A)Kantianism
B)Egoism
C)Moral theory
D)Ethics

Question 21

Rawls discusses moral development particularly in the context of ______.

A)the state
B)schools
C)morals
D)the family

Question 22

One of the most controversial parts of Rawls' theory is his treatment of inequality. According to Rawls,all social values,including rights,income and wealth,and the basis
Of self-respect,are to be distributed equally unless ______.

A)the person can show they have earned these advantages honestly
B)an unequal distribution of these is to everyone's benefit or advantage
C)the inequality benefits only the least advantaged
D)the inequality is based on inherited wealth

Question 23

In Rawls' theory,the highest or final period in the development of morals is morality of ______.

A)principles
B)association
C)authority
D)common interests

Question 24

Rawls believes that children develop a sense of justice and morality in two stages, based primarily on their ______.

A)education
B)family life
C)social life
D)heritage

Question 25

The principles and the ______ concern hypothetical people in a hypothetical situation.

A)veil of ignorance
B)perspective of origin
C)original position
D)difference of virtues

Question 26

Rawls' theory and its underlying principles apply to ______,not the actions of individuals.

A)institutions
B)communities
C)countries
D)government

Question 27

Which term is defined as a public system of rules which defines offices and positions with their rights and duties,powers and immunities?

A)institution
B)law
C)regulation
D)rule

Question 28

Similar associations arise through the school and the neighborhood,and through these institutions,the child learns ______.

A)equality
B)morality
C)ethics
D)principles

Question 29

It can be argued that Rawls's model ensures that at least the ______ are impartial and that this is a desirable feature of moral principles.

A)ethics
B)principles
C)institutions
D)governments

Question 30

According to Rawls the first stage of moral development occurs in the family and is called ______.

A)morality of principles
B)morality of association
C)morality of authority
D)morality of common interests

Question 31

As to the distribution of wealth and income under the second principle ______.

A)the distribution of these need not be equal
B)it must be to the advantage of all
C)positions of authority and offices of command must be accessible to everyone
D)all of these

Question 32

He assumes that the well-ordered society includes the ______.

A)family unit
B)veil of ignorance
C)morality of principles
D)morality of authority

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of moral development according to Rawls?

A)morality of authority
B)morality of principles
C)morality of reducing injustice
D)morality of associations

Question 34

The ______ is egalitarian in nature in the sense that it places a restriction on the amount of inequality that is permitted.

A)difference principle
B)inequality principle
C)morality principle
D)social contract

Question 35

Benn (1998)suggests that it is unrealistic to discount talents and abilities,as Rawls proposes in the ______.

A)veil of ignorance
B)perspective of origin
C)original position
D)difference of virtues

Question 36

Rawls explains that his intention is to present a ______ that is abstract in nature.

A)perspective of origin
B)model of justice
C)difference of virtues
D)veil of ignorance

Question 37

In defining justice,Rawls concentrates primarily on equality and ______.

A)finding the truth
B)fairness
C)due process
D)tradition

Question 38

The ______ is to be assessed by reference to basic benefit to individuals who would otherwise be economically disadvantaged.

A)social contract
B)common good
C)inequality principle
D)none of these

Question 39

Actions that move away from ______ are justified only if they benefit the least advantaged.

A)equality
B)morality
C)ethics
D)principles

Question 40

What Rawlsian principle reflects the Kantian principle that people are never to be treated as means to an end but always ends in themselves?

A)Inequality principle
B)Morality principle
C)Difference principle
D)Social contract

Question 41

Rawls's theory is directed at ______,at achieving social justice,and at the question of how to construct a well-ordered society.

A)institutions
B)social institutions
C)laws
D)morals

Question 42

If we make judgments in accordance with those principles,we will be acting morally.

Question 43

According to Rawls,the family plays a key early role in the development of individual
morality.

Question 44

For Rawls,the second stage of moral development is morality of association.

Question 45

In reality,the ______ of labor has been a fundamental part of the marriage contract.

A)economic division
B)moral division
C)sexual division
D)all of these

Question 46

As a theory to achieve social justice,Rawls' model cannot be applied to individual ______.

A)ethical dilemmas
B)social injustice
C)political inequality
D)moral stages

Question 47

Piaget concluded that even young children have a sense of justice and injustice.

Question 48

While Rawls' theory is abstract and he did not apply it to any concrete issues,it could be applied to issues in criminal justice concerning ______.

A)intermediate sanctions
B)criminology
C)poverty
D)discrimination

Question 49

According to Rawls,government should play no role in creating an ethical society.

Question 50

As Alejandro (1998)states,"Rawlsian fairness is ______ power".

A)moral
B)constrained
C)justified
D)meaningful

Question 51

According to at least one critic,Rawls ignores the operation of gender in the family.

Question 52

Rawls' theory cannot be used to ______.

A)guide government action.
B)create a better society
C)help the least fortunate in society
D)solve individual particular ethical dilemmas

Question 53

Rawls theory of justice is a utilitarian or consequentialist theory.

Question 54

Any departure from equal liberty may be justified by greater social and economic
advantages.

Question 55

Rawls's model places considerable emphasis on the ______.

A)state
B)inequality
C)morals
D)family

Question 56

According to Rawls,the government should ______.

A)abolish all inequalities.
B)regulate inequality through fair bargaining processes.
C)abolish private property.
D)seek to end all forms of personal discrimination.

Question 57

Rawls wants a society where ______.

A)wealth is distributed widely
B)people engage in meaningful work
C)citizens have the opportunity to participate in the political process and political parties advance the vision of the public good
D)all of these

Question 58

The child complies with ______ largely because of bonds of friendship and feeling for others and because he or she wishes to gain the approval of the wider society.

A)the veil of ignorance
B)the perspective of origin
C)moral positions
D)the difference of virtues

Question 59

Rawls believes that government power/public institutions can assist in overcoming
inequality and create a stable,well-ordered society.

Question 60

Rawls argued that people are not capable of rational,goal-oriented behavior.

Question 61

In Rawls's model,the persons who must decide and conclude the agreement from
what is called the ______ are men and women of ordinary talents and tastes.

Question 62

Like Kant,Rawls favors establishing ______ or principles to govern our sense of
justice.

Question 63

Rawls intends to formulate a set of ______ that would help us to make judgments
about institutions and actions.

Question 64

______ transmits the idea that the principles of justice are agreed to in an initial
situation that is considered fair.

Question 65

Two famous Greek philosophers,______ and ______ were also concerned with the
concept of "justice."

Question 66

Rawls contends that any inequality must benefit everyone but in particular it must
benefit the ______.

Question 67

According to Rawls,the first institution where people begin to learn morality is the ______.

Question 68

People who choose the principles do so under a ______?

Question 69

The difference principle states that although primary goods and services are to be
distributed ______,there is nevertheless a way in which certain inequalities can be
considered just.

Question 70

Rawls' basic principle of equality/inequality is called the ______ principle.