Deck 16: On the Crime Policy and Prevention Agenda: Terrorism, the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System, and the Threat of Illegal Immigration

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of terrorism?

A) It can include environmental and animal activists burning farms and logging sites.
B) It is only considered terrorism if it involves the use of explosives, weapons, and bombs.
C) There have been no terrorist attacks in the United States since 9/11.
D) Most recent terrorist attacks in the United States involve computers.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ______ Act replaced key provisions of the PATRIOT Act by allowing government to continue certain surveillance methods but also halting the National Security Agency's collection of mass phone data.

A) USA Freedom
B) USA Security
C) USA Enforcement
D) USA Technology

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following are characteristics of biological weapons?

A) not painful; victims die without much suffering
B) exceptionally painful, causing the victims much suffering
C) slow acting, with some time before victims are symptomatic
D) fast acting, with immediate symptoms in victims

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which legislation established a military commission that puts on trial unlawful enemy combatants and has the authority to impose the death penalty?

A) Military Commissions Act
B) USA PATRIOT Act
C) Snowden Act
D) Omnibus Counterterrorism Act

Question 5

The ______ first allowed the government to get a wiretap on every phone a terrorist suspect uses without a court order.

A) USA Patriot Act
B) Miranda Rights
C) Exclusionary Rule
D) War Crimes Act

Question 6

Unmanned aerial vehicles controlled by a human pilot and used for a variety of military and civilian purposes are better known as ______.

A) radars
B) balloons
C) aerials
D) drones

Question 7

The mantra of the Field Intelligence Groups was ______.

A) we will find you
B) know your domain
C) you cannot escape
D) we love our country

Question 8

What is the relevance of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 in current events?

A) It requires all governmental agencies to coordinate communications in times of national emergency.
B) It allows the military to provide personnel and equipment in response to terror events.
C) It allows the president to suspend the powers of the other branches of government during a national emergency.
D) It prohibits the formation of militias whose sole purpose is to overthrow the U.S. government.

Question 9

What has the Pentagon concluded regarding another country's use of computer sabotage?

A) It is an act of vandalism.
B) It is an act of cyberstalking.
C) It is an act of war.
D) It is an act of terrorism.

Question 10

Under this act, the president is authorized to establish military commissions to try unlawful enemy combatants, and the commissions are authorized to sentence defendants to death.

A) Exclusionary
B) Military Commissions Act
C) Special Forces Act
D) Unlawful Enemy Act

Question 11

The unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or the populace in furtherance of political or social objectives is known as ______.

A) terrorism
B) assault
C) activism
D) crime

Question 12

According to a 2013 study, which country was responsible for the theft of 50 to 80 percent of all American intellectual property?

A) Russia
B) Iran
C) France
D) China

Question 13

Acts of terrorism are typically characterized as either international terrorism or domestic terrorism. International terrorism involves planning, direction, or support from outside of the target country's borders. Domestic terrorism involves acts in which all steps are carried out within a country's borders, and also includes "homegrown" terrorists who may have been inspired by outside groups, but did not have any contact or direction by those violent extremist organizations. Based on these definitions, which of the following examples would be considered an international terrorist attack?

A) A white supremacist kills nine parishioners in Mother Emanuel Church during Bible study in order to incite a race war.
B) A self-radicalized 25-year-old Iranian immigrant who moved to the U.S. as a toddler rents a car and injures nine people by running them over on the UNC Chapel Hill campus, motivated mostly by opposition to American foreign policy.
C) Nineteen men obtained temporary visas to the U.S. They traveled here for the purpose of carrying out a terrorist attack, planned by members of a radical Islamist cult located primarily in the Middle East.
D) Inspired by radical Islamist ideology, but lacking any formal connections to a terrorist group, a man decides to carry out a violent attack on his own. He kills 50 people in a night club.

Question 14

The ______ prohibits using the military to execute laws domestically.

A) Posse Comitatus Act of 1878
B) Metropolitan Police Act of 1829
C) Law Enforcement Education Act of 1993
D) Patriot Act

Question 15

What teams were developed by the FBI to help in assessing the intelligence programs, evaluate best practices, and decide what does and does not work?

A) strategic execution team
B) saturation units
C) rapid response teams
D) special weapons and assault teams

Question 16

Bioterrorism involves the use of chemical or biological agents to commit an act of terrorism. Compare chemical weapons to biological agents. Which of the following describes the main difference between the two weapons?

A) Unlike biological agents, chemical weapons are difficult to transport because they involve living organisms.
B) Manufacturing and deploying chemical weapons requires very little specialized skill, whereas biological agents require a significant amount of specialized skill.
C) Unlike chemical weapons, biological agents act quickly, usually causing severe pain and death within minutes.
D) Unlike biological agents, chemical weapons act quickly, often injuring or killing the victim within a matter of moments.

Question 17

The system established to provide a consistent nationwide approach for cooperation among federal, state, and local governments to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents is called ______.

A) NIBRS
B) NIMS
C) SET
D) UAV

Question 18

______ directed the Department of Homeland Security secretary to develop a National Incident Management System.

A) Robert Peel
B) President George W. Bush
C) President Clinton
D) FBI Director Sterling

Question 19

Which type of substance is fast acting, either immediately suffocating the victim or causing massive burning?

A) psychological weapons
B) explosive weapons
C) biological weapons
D) chemical weapons

Question 20

INTERPOL has identified cybercrime as one of the fastest growing areas of crime. Which of the following acts would be considered an example of cybercrime?

A) After months surveilling a Nuclear Power facility, a terrorist gains entry to the facility and uses their company computers to intentionally cause a catastrophic meltdown.
B) After a male and female meet in person for the first time at a concert, the male begins working to win over her trust, eventually coercing her into sex work against her will through threats, intimidation, and personal face-to-face interaction.
C) A pedophile moves to Thailand in order to gain greater access to young children. He eventually uses his computer to access the "Dark Web" and trade photos and videos of child sexual abuse with other pedophiles throughout the world.
D) A former doctor who has lost his license to practice medicine uses his connections with old friends to procure opiates to sell them illegally.

Question 21

On May 5, 1995, a cleaning woman in Japan happened to notice a couple of plastic bags sitting beside the toilet in a men's restroom in one of the busiest subway stations in Tokyo. The woman picked up the bags and put them by the door to dispose of later. What she didn't realize is that the bags contained a sophisticated chemical weapon that, if properly activated, would have the potential to produce enough cyanide gas to kill 10,000 people. Instead, the unidentified woman disrupted the trigger mechanism, starting a small fire that was put out before the cyanide gas could be produced. What drawback to the use of chemical weapons to commit bioterrorism does this story demonstrate?

A) Chemical weapons act too slowly, which may permit people to get help.
B) These types of bioterrorist weapons are easily recognizable, and can be easily neutralized even by untrained staff.
C) Because of the high level of skill required to build and transport, there are rarely an option for most terrorists.
D) Unlike bombs, the volatility in bioterrorist weapons causes them to be more likely to fail or detonate at the wrong time.

Question 22

Different departments and agencies in the government have different definitions of terrorism. Which agency defines terrorism as the "unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives"?

A) Central Intelligence Agency
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) The State Department
D) The Defense Intelligence Agency

Question 23

Gathering raw intelligence on an organization's structure, membership, and plans, is the first step law enforcement entities engage in when they dealing with terrorist organizations. Which step comes next?

A) assess how the damage caused by terrorists can be minimized
B) determine what measures can be taken to counter terrorist activities
C) apprehend and convict individual terrorists
D) work toward dismantling the terrorist organization

Question 24

How does the National Incident Management System help law enforcement address terrorism?

A) It trains local analysts, linguists, and surveillance specialists.
B) It trains officers to infiltrate terrorist cells.
C) It focuses on developing new technology to detect biological weapons.
D) It provides a consistent directive that facilitates cooperation between federal, state, and local governments.

Question 25

Which of the following types of evidence are expressly excluded under the Military Commissions Act?

A) evidence obtained through heresy
B) evidence obtained from other suspects by promising them leniency in exchange for testimony
C) evidence obtained through torture
D) evidence that was gathered on the battlefield

Question 26

Section 213 of the USAPATRIOT Act (2001) created a special type of "delayed notification warrant" which permitted officers to gain access to the home or business of a terrorism suspect without their knowledge. What is Section 213 of the USAPATRIOT Act also known as?

A) sneak and peak
B) roving wiretap
C) reasonable grounds
D) habeas corpus

Question 27

America's jails and prisons are referred to as the new asylums because of the large population of______ persons.

A) mentally ill
B) drug dependent
C) elderly
D) dangerous

Question 28

In October, 2014, hackers broke into the computer network of Sony Pictures entertainment. The hackers called themselves the #GOP (Guardians of Peace), and they dumped a large amount of confidential data online for the world to see. The U.S. intelligence community concluded that the North Korean government was most likely responsible for the hack, in large part because of their frustration about a comedy film called "The Interview," in which a bumbling journalist attempts to assassinate North Korea's "Dear Leader." North Korea denies the claims. If the #GOP was just a rogue group of hackers, then this would be a cybercrime. If, however, this was an act perpetrated by the North Korean government, we would call it ______.

A) cyberespionage
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberwar
D) cybernetics

Question 29

How does cyberespionage targeting military technology benefit America's adversaries?

A) Their capabilities will humble the U.S. government in the eyes of the public and U.S. allies.
B) By accessing the defense systems used by the American military, adversaries can understand how to disable those systems and render them inoperable.
C) It is a defense mechanism, because it ensures that the U.S. government will never attack the adversarial government.
D) It gives the adversary a bargaining chip to try and compel the U.S. to negotiate.

Question 30

In 1984, an Oregon cult calling themselves the "Rajneeshees" began to have regular conflicts with the small town that was the home of their rapidly expanding commune. The 7,000 member cult had grown so large that they had their own zip code, and unsettled neighbors by patrolling their compound with Uzis and a Jeep mounted with a .30 caliber machine gun. After the city denied their building permits, the cult decided that they were going to take over the local government. After other plans failed, they decided the best route was to contaminate 10 salad bars in popular local restaurants with salmonella in order to suppress the vote. 751 people became ill, 45 were hospitalized, but thankfully no one died. This attack is still recognized as the largest ______ attack in American history.

A) terrorism
B) bioterrorism
C) cyberterrorism
D) poison terrorism

Question 31

What caused many Americans to begin to oppose provisions of the USAPATRIOT Act that chipped away at their right to privacy?

A) the killing of Osama Bin Laden
B) the massive leak of classified information to Wikileaks by Chelsea Manning (formerly known as Bradley Manning)
C) the beginning of the Arab Spring, which precipitated the Syrian Civil War
D) the leaking of classified documents by NSA contractor Edward Snowden

Question 32

What is one feature of terrorism that has changed in recent years?

A) Terrorists have been more likely to attempt large-scale bombings.
B) Terrorists are increasingly focusing on attacks that damage symbolic buildings and monuments.
C) Terrorists are more likely to focus on civilian targets.
D) Terrorists are becoming more likely to become radicalized through intricate face-to-face social networks.

Question 33

At the front end, approximately what percentage of police calls for service involve mentally ill persons?

A) 5-10%
B) 10-15%
C) 20-40%
D) 60-80%

Question 34

A domestic terrorist has attacked a small American town, and has taken refuge in a well-fortified building. He is using high-caliber weaponry on police, and they do not have the firepower or training to be able to effectively neutralize the perpetrator. Because of the dire nature of the situation, in this circumstance, it would be considered appropriate to suspend ______ and request military assistance in ending the siege.

A) The Jack Bauer Law
B) USAPATRIOT Act
C) Posse Comitatus Act
D) The Military Commissions Act

Question 35

With the passage of the USAPATRIOT Act, Americans have had to sacrifice ______ in order to obtain security.

A) safety
B) individual freedoms
C) privacy
D) personal autonomy

Question 36

Officer Jones is trying to learn more about a suspect in a deadly right-wing terrorist attack targeting a local Mosque. To try and understand more about her suspect, she sneaks into his business office late at night without a warrant to take a look around. Which piece of legislation gave her the right to take a "sneak and peak" without a warrant?

A) Military Commissions Act
B) USAPATRIOT Act
C) The Posse Comitatus Act
D) No legislation permits searches without warrants, so Officer Jones has violated her suspect's 4^th Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 37

What is the name of the FBI entity that is responsible for assessing the intelligence program, evaluating best practices, and deciding what works and what doesn't work in intelligence gathering operations?

A) Strategic Execution Team
B) Field Intelligence Group
C) National Incident Management System
D) The Military Commission

Question 38

Which of the following are referred to as the new asylums?

A) Jails
B) Police stations
C) Probation departments
D) Court houses

Question 39

Compared to the USAPATRIOT Act, how was the USA Freedom Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline of Monitoring Act) different?

A) It expanded the collection of phone data to include Americans, rather than just foreign citizens.
B) It halted all government surveillance programs that began under the USAPATRIOT Act.
C) It halted the bulk collection of phone data that impacted millions of Americans who did not have any ties to terrorism.
D) It put provisions in place to create a statutory framework to permit the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in extrajudicial killings of American citizens living abroad.

Question 40

A local mayor hears that a protest is planned for his town. He does not like the cause, and he wants to send them a message that he does not want them to protest in his hometown in the future. As a result, he attempts to call on military members from the federal military installation to provide enforcement. The mayor hopes that seeing fully-equipped military members patrolling their streets will discourage the protest organizers from going forward with the event. Why would he most likely be denied this request?

A) because to do so could be seen as an act of war
B) because the military aren't trained to arrest people
C) because the Governor would be required to override this request
D) because he Posse Comitatus Act of 1873 prohibits the military from acting in the place of local law enforcement

Question 41

After several reform and advocacy organizations, including Human Rights Watch, advocated for CIT (Crisis Intervention Training) for correctional staff dealing with mentally ill inmates, what was the outcome?

A) no change in the number or severity of violence, suggesting that CIT is ineffective
B) a decrease in job satisfaction for correctional officers
C) an increase in violent incidents, but a decrease in the severity of the violence
D) a significant reduction in the use of force and inmate-officer assaults

Question 42

What is the number one cause of death for inmates in jails?

A) accidental death
B) overdose
C) suicide
D) neglect by correctional staff

Question 43

All of the following factors have contributed to the decline in immigrant populations EXCEPT ______.

A) women having fewer children
B) volatile economic conditions in the U.S.
C) immigrant fears that they will become victims of hate crimes
D) tighter U.S. boarder security

Question 44

A tragedy in Tennessee involving a man suffering from schizophrenia made way for this model to train police officers to deal with mentally ill individuals.

A) Tennessee Model
B) Memphis Model
C) Nashville Model
D) Police Model

Question 45

Investigations have uncovered that mentally ill inmates are at risk of ______.

A) widespread abuse by correctional officers
B) injury and death from other inmates
C) losing healthcare as a result of cash-strapped budgets in prisons
D) increasing violent behavior as a result of interactions with other inmates

Question 46

Which of the following is true of mental health courts?

A) They are responsible for managing and coordinating an offender's re-entry after they have been tried, convicted, and served their sentence.
B) Their main focus is providing vocational training for offenders.
C) Offenders who participate in these courts tend to have slightly higher recidivism rates, but for those who don't recidivate, they have better life outcomes.
D) They can only handle a limited number of cases, so most mentally-ill offenders end up in jails and prisons.

Question 47

Mental health courts are one of several examples of these types of courts in which court officials work with specialists to impose treatment rather than incarceration for eligible offenders.

A) Mediation courts
B) Victim assistance courts
C) Problem-solving courts
D) Family courts

Question 48

Based on what you learned in your text, which of the following characteristics increases the chances that a person suffering from a mental illness will come into contact with the police?

A) if the mentally ill person is an African American
B) if the mentally ill person has a "dual diagnosis"
C) if the mentally ill person comes from a disadvantaged background
D) if the mentally ill person is a female

Question 49

Which country accounts for the majority of the illegal immigrant population in the United States?

A) Canada
B) Mexico
C) El Salvador
D) Puerto Rico

Question 50

What's another name for the "Memphis Model" Program?

A) Reconstruction Plan
B) Crisis Intervention Training
C) De-escalation Training
D) Memphis Mental Health Counseling

Question 51

Each of the following is a way the prisons have had to adapt to the increased number of mentally ill inmates EXCEPT ______.

A) special training for correctional officers
B) more professional/medical staff
C) special weapons training
D) protective custody

Question 52

According to the Pew Research Center, what percent of the total U.S. population is represented by undocumented immigrants?

A) 10%
B) 1%
C) 8.2%
D) 3.4%

Question 53

Research on mentally ill inmates uncovered all of the following findings EXCEPT ______.

A) a reduced likelihood of recidivism due to being treated for their illnesses
B) they experience longer periods of incarceration
C) they cost more to incarcerate
D) they are more likely to commit suicide

Question 54

In Oklahoma, officials were able to achieve a 41% reduction in recidivism for mentally ill inmates who have been released. What practices and/or policies were instrumental to their success?

A) Correctional officers instituted the Memphis plan.
B) Inmates with mental illness were kept in solitary confinement during their imprisonment.
C) They instituted re-entry programs that required officials to coordinate with mental health professionals before and after the offender's release.
D) They designed a training program to help inmates learn to manage their illnesses without drugs or behavioral therapy.

Question 55

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, this is the number-one cause of death among inmates in local jails.

A) suicide
B) drug overdose
C) heart attack
D) correctional officer brutality

Question 56

Imagine you have experienced the circumstances listed below. Once you've finished dealing with the situation, you would like to purchase a gun (or have your confiscated gun returned). In which of the circumstances below would you be able to buy and/or own a gun?

A) If you live in a state where a domestic violence conviction means you no longer have the right to get a gun.
B) If you are involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital.
C) If you are a well-known advocate for gun rights, but during an unrelated court case, you were declared mentally ill or incompetent by the court.
D) If you had your gun confiscated during a contentious traffic stop, but are now out of jail and have asked to have your property returned.

Question 57

Police are the first responders to mental illness, and specialized ______ training has become standard practice.

A) soft tactics
B) crisis intervention
C) takedown
D) special weapons

Question 58

Anna has suffered from chronic depression her entire life. She was also recently arrested for drug trafficking, because she has used heroin to self-medicate in order to deal with her depression. Anna has a(n) ______, and she's in good company: Approximately 1/3 of inmates serving time for drug offenses also have mental illnesses.

A) double indemnity
B) double hazard
C) dual diagnosis
D) untreatable illness

Question 59

The closing of state psychiatric programs in the 1960s and 1970s was a direct, precipitating cause of which of the following?

A) the development of the dual diagnosis.
B) the increase in high-quality, privately-run mental health independent living facilities
C) the growth in the mentally ill homeless population, who are more likely to be arrested and incarcerated than people who are not mentally ill
D) the development of the Memphis Model.

Question 60

Between 20% and 40% of police calls for service involve mentally ill individuals. In addition, statistics suggest that mentally ill people are more likely than people without mental illnesses to be shot. Standard police training teaches officers to respond with force if an individual fails to comply with their commands, which often leads to bad, or even deadly, outcomes. If an officer has received additional training which emphasizes de-escalation, calm verbal discussion, and non-threatening body language instead of escalation, then what kind of training did the officer receive?

A) crisis intervention training
B) counselor innovation training
C) cool-down introspective training
D) calm involvement training

Question 61

Since the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, at least three dozen attempted attacks have been foiled by law enforcement before they could be carried out.

Question 62

The USAPATRIOT Act stands for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001."

Question 63

Terrorism always includes the use of weapons such as bombs, explosives, and firearms.

Question 64

Cybercrime is one of the fastest-growing types of crime.

Question 65

Dissemination of chemical and biological agents is a challenge in that the substances are fragile and difficult to transport.

Question 66

In April, 2017, the Trump Administration launched the "Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement" hotline (VOICE) for people to call if they've been victimized by an illegal immigrant. Experts have noted that there is a consensus among the vast majority of researchers that immigrant populations are no more criminal than native-born populations, and some studies actually show that they are less likely to engage in criminality. Opponents of the hotline pointed out the hotline will have the effect of "scapegoating" the immigrant population. According to then Homeland Security Secretary John Kelley, what is the stated primary purpose of VOICE?

A) to assist victims of crimes committed by illegal immigrants
B) to help find illegal immigrants so they can be arrested and deported
C) to attempt to counter the wide body of research suggesting that no statistically significant relationship exists between immigrants and crime
D) to justify policies of mass deportation of legal and illegal immigrants

Question 67

Potential impacts of cyberterrorism include loss of electricity, dam gates opening and causing flooding, and release of deadly gas from chemical plants.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of American public opinion regarding illegal immigration?

A) A slim majority of Americans believe that all illegal immigrants should be deported immediately.
B) A large majority of Americans believe that undocumented immigrants living in the United States should be allowed to remain if they meet certain criteria.
C) Very few Americans support the idea of building a wall or fence along the border with Mexico.
D) An overwhelming majority of Americans believe that illegal immigrants are detrimental to the U.S. economy.

Question 69

If all illegal immigrants living in the United States were deported, which of the following would be the most likely outcome?

A) a sharp decrease in the number of rapes committed
B) a sharp decrease in the availability of drugs
C) a sharp increase in the wages for middle-class, native-born citizens
D) more than a trillion dollars of lost wages and lost spending, depressing the U.S. consumerist based economy

Question 70

Identity theft from outside the United States is the most challenging cyberthreat to U.S. security today.

Question 71

The United States has not experienced a terrorist attack on American soil in the years following 9/11.

Question 72

What federal government agency has direct oversight of VOICE, the "Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement" Office?

A) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
B) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
C) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
D) Homeland Security Department (HSD)

Question 73

Which of the following crimes is most likely to have been committed by illegal immigrants living in the United States?

A) rape
B) fraud
C) drunk driving
D) violation of immigration offenses

Question 74

The use of a computer is a necessary element in order for a crime to be considered cyberterrorism.

Question 75

What unintended consequences emerged after federal immigration officials began to increase their efforts to deport undocumented immigrants?

A) There were increases in crime rates, due to the increased strain felt by immigrant populations.
B) There were fewer instances of domestic violence, suggesting that violent criminals had either fled or had been deported.
C) There were sharp decreases in the numbers of crimes reported, such as rape and domestic violence, by victims who were illegal immigrants, thus decreasing the chances that violent offenders would be caught and prosecuted.
D) There were sharp decreases in crime rates, as more immigrant criminals were detained and deported.

Question 76

Compared to the past, how have characteristics of illegal immigrants living in the United States changed in recent years?

A) In the past, illegal immigrants were more likely to have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.
B) In recent years, illegal immigrants are more likely to be children.
C) In recent years, illegal immigrants are more likely to have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.
D) In the past, illegal immigrants were more likely to be children.

Question 77

What term describes a municipality in which police are not permitted to ask about an individuals' immigration status, and they do not comply with requests by federal immigration authorities to detain suspected illegal immigrants?

A) immigrant cities
B) sanctuary cities
C) multicultural cities
D) illegal friendly cities

Question 78

Biological weapons tend to be fast acting, with victims dying without much suffering.

Question 79

What would be the estimated cost to arrest and deport all undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States?

A) between US$300 million and US$600 million
B) between US$100 billion and US$300 billion
C) between US$100 trillion and US$150 trillion
D) less than US$100 million

Question 80

Which of the following arguments is consistent with those of opponents of sanctuary cities, according to your textbook?

A) Sanctuary cities make people unsafe.
B) Sanctuary cities violate the rule of law.
C) Sanctuary cities protect immigrants with violent criminal records.
D) Sanctuary cities rob law enforcement of the tools they need to properly investigate crimes to protect the public.