Deck 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean

Question 1

Hydrogen bonds:

A)Lower the heat capacity of water.
B)Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature.
C)Make ice less dense than water.
D)Lower the boiling point of water.
E)Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Gyres are:

A)Large circular systems of surface currents.
B)Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.
C)Extend only along the Equator.
D)Extend only around Antarctica.
E)Are found only in the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Coriolis effect is the direct result of one of the following:

A)Temperature.
B)Gravitational pull of the sun.
C)Ocean currents.
D)Rotation of the earth.
E)Wind.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not an element?

A)Sodium chloride
B)Nitrogen
C)Hydrogen
D)Oxygen
E)Magnesium

Question 5

The rule of constant proportions expresses that:

A)Salinity varies with geographical location.
B)The percentage of sodium varies with depth.
C)The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location.
D)Salinity varies depending on the season.
E)The relative concentration of ions does not change.

Question 6

In which of these locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator?

A)Atlantic coast of North America
B)Atlantic coast of South America
C)Pacific coast of Australia
D)Pacific coast of Asia
E)Pacific coast of South America

Question 7

When water cools,but does not freeze,the molecules move ______________ and take up ______________ space.

A)Faster,less
B)Slower,more
C)Faster,more
D)Slower,less
E)Up,less

Question 8

The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the:

A)Northern Hemisphere only.
B)Southern Hemisphere only.
C)In both hemispheres.
D)In the Atlantic Ocean only.
E)In the Pacific Ocean only.

Question 9

Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between:

A)Ions in solution between the molecules.
B)Nuclei of adjacent molecules.
C)Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules.
D)Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule.
E)Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule.

Question 10

The factor that most affects wind patterns in the atmosphere of the earth:

A)Depth of the sea.
B)Clouds.
C)Temperature.
D)Volcanoes.
E)Gravitational pull of sun and moon.

Question 11

Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid.This is important for marine organisms because:

A)A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.
B)If ice was more dense,the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen leaving no available space.
C)Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water.
D)All answers are correct.
E)A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it and If ice was more dense,the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen leaving no available space only.

Question 12

Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4 ^$\circ$ C ?

A)Boiling point of water
B)Maximum density of water
C)Freezing point of water
D)Sublimation point of water
E)Condensation point of water

Question 13

Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of pressure for every:

A)10 meters of depth.
B)50 meters of depth.
C)100 meters of depth.
D)500 meters of depth.
E)None of the choices are correct,pressure depends on the temperature of the water.

Question 14

Which of the following properties is unique to water due to it's molecular structure?

A)It forms long-chain polymers
B)It can dissolve non-polar materials like hydrocarbons
C)It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid
D)It is less dense as a solid than a liquid

Question 15

Trade winds:

A)Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect.
B)Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degrees angle.
C)Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.
D)Move north in the Northern Hemisphere.
E)Change direction depending on ocean currents.

Question 16

Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater?

A)Magnesium and sulfate
B)Sodium and chloride
C)Calcium and carbonate
D)Potassium and chloride
E)Calcium and sulfate

Question 17

The secchi disk is used to indirectly estimate:

A)The type of light that is absorbed by water.
B)How much light penetrates through the water column.
C)How salinity varies with depth.
D)The relationship between temperature and salinity.
E)The amount of oxygen in the water.

Question 18

The heat capacity of water is ______________ compared with other naturally occurring substances.

A)High
B)Low
C)Equal
D)Fluctuates by location
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 19

Salinity of seawater increases:

A)With an increase in rain.
B)Near the mouth of rivers.
C)Around ice as it melts in spring.
D)With a decrease in depth.
E)As evaporation increases.

Question 20

The salinity of water is generally expressed in:

A)Kilograms per liter of water.
B)Total weight per pound.
C)Percentage per liter.
D)Parts per thousand.
E)Percentage per thousand.

Question 21

Which of the following is true about tropical organisms like corals?

A)They survive at higher latitudes on the eastern sides of oceans due to upwelling
B)They survive at higher latitudes of the western sides of oceans due to surface current patterns
C)They survive at higher Arctic latitudes due to ocean current gyres
D)There is no difference
E)Tropical corals can be found in shallow water in all parts of the Earth's oceans.

Question 22

Forces that cause water movements lead to mixing of the entire ocean once every ______________ years.

A)2000
B)3000
C)4000
D)5000
E)6000

Question 23

How does the oxygen content of the ocean compare to the air that humans breathe?

A)Higher oxygen content
B)Lower oxygen content
C)No significant difference exists
D)Depends of the salinity of the water
E)Depends on the depth of the water

Question 24

Wave size is affected by the amount of open water,or the _____________,that winds blow over:

A)Trough.
B)Period.
C)Fetch.
D)Wavelength.
E)Crest.

Question 25

Mixed semidiurnal tides are characterized by:

A)Two daily high tides,one higher than the other.
B)One daily high tide.
C)Two daily high tides,both of the same approximate height.
D)One daily high tide that is always higher than the high tide of the previous day.
E)Two daily high and three daily low tides.

Question 26

A full tidal cycle lasts:

A)12 hours.
B)12 hours,50 minutes.
C)24 hours.
D)24 hours,50 minutes.
E)48 hours.

Question 27

The highest part or top of a wave is called the:

A)Trough.
B)Period.
C)Fetch.
D)Wavelength.
E)Crest.

Question 28

The Eckman spiral occurs as a result of:

A)Salinity.
B)Transparency.
C)Pressure.
D)Dissolved gases.
E)Wind.

Question 29

The main thermocline is located at the zone:

A)Right above the mixed layer.
B)Between the warm and cold layers.
C)Along the bottom.
D)Below the intermediate layer.
E)Right at the surface in warm tropical water.

Question 30

Spring tides are caused by:

A)Gravitational attraction of the moon only.
B)Gravitational attraction of the sun only.
C)Gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun when in line during the full and new moon phases.
D)Gravitational attraction of moon and the sun when at right angles to each other.
E)Ocean currents and gyre circulation.