Deck 6: Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Question 1

The main function of natural killers cells is recognition and elimination of bacteria.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What is a vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

A) Platelet adhesion
B) Initiation of the clotting cascade
C) Vasodilation
D) Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Answer 2

Vasodilation

Question 3

What is an outcome of the complement cascade?

A) Activates the clotting cascade
B) Prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues
C) Inactivates chemical mediators such as histamine
D) Attacks bacterial cell membranes

Answer 3

Attacks bacterial cell membranes

Question 4

Which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid to provide a first line of defense?

A) Tears
B) Saliva
C) Perspiration
D) Sebaceous glands

Question 5

Activated T and B lymphocytes provide innate immunity.

Question 6

What process causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?

A) Vasodilation
B) Increased capillary permeability
C) Endothelial cell contraction
D) Emigration of neutrophils

Question 7

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

Question 8

Which antimicrobial peptide is activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and is found in alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes?

A) a-Defensins
B) b-Defensins
C) Cathelicidin
D) Interleukin 1b

Question 9

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

A) Lactobacillus
B) Candida albicans
C) Clostridium difficile
D) Helicobacter pylori

Question 10

Opsonization is a process that renders bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Question 11

What process causes heat and redness that occur during the inflammatory process?

A) Vasodilation
B) Platelet aggregation
C) Increased capillary permeability
D) Endothelial cell contraction

Question 12

Resolution is best defined as the restoration of original structure and physiologic function.

Question 13

Many of the normal bacterial flora in the intestines produce vitamin K and assist with the absorption of calcium,iron and magnesium.

Question 14

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

Question 15

How do surfactant proteins A & D provide innate resistance?

A) They initiate the complement cascade.
B) They promote phagocytosis
C) They secrete mucus.
D) They synthesize lysosomes.

Question 16

Neutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system.

Question 17

Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?

A) Complement cascade
B) Clotting system
C) Kinin system
D) Immune system

Question 18

Nonpathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce chemicals that inhibit colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 19

Several bacteria,such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis,are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive inside macrophages.

Question 20

What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

A) To provide specific responses toward antigens
B) To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
C) To prevent infection of the injured tissue
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 21

What is the role of fibroblasts during the reconstructive phase of wound healing?

A) To generate new capillaries from vascular endothelial cells around the wound
B) To establish connections between neighboring cells and contract their fibers
C) To synthesize and secrete collagen and the connective tissue proteins
D) To provide enzymes that debride the wound bed of dead cells

Question 22

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

A) Leukotrienes
B) Prostaglandin E
C) Platelet-activating factor
D) Bradykinin

Question 23

Which cytokines are produced and released from virally infected host cells?

A) Interleukin 1 (Il-1)
B) Interleukin 10 (Il-10)
C) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a)
D) Interferons alpha and beta (IFN a and IFN b)

Question 24

When looking at white blood cell differentials,nurses know that patients have early,acute inflammatory reactions when they notice elevations of which leukocyte?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Basophils

Question 25

The predominant phagocytic cells in the later stages of an inflammatory response are:

A) neutrophils.
B) monocytes.
C) macrophages.
D) eosinophils.

Question 26

Frequently histamine 1 (H1)and histamine 2 (H2)receptors are located on the same cells and act in a/an _____ fashion.

A) synergistic
B) additive
C) antagonistic
D) agonistic

Question 27

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

A) Formation of exudates
B) Fever and leukocytosis
C) Redness and heat
D) Pain and edema

Question 28

The _____ system is a plasma protein system that forms a fibrinous network at an inflamed site to prevent spread of infection to adjacent tissues and keep microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of greatest inflammatory activity.

A) complement
B) coagulation
C) kinin
D) fibrinolysis

Question 29

What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells?

A) Eosinophils release arylsulfatase B,which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes.
B) Eosinophils release histaminase,which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation.
C) Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes,which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation.
D) Eosinophils release immunoglobulin E,which defends the body against parasites.

Question 30

Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots,activating complement and activating the Hageman factor?

A) Kallikrein
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Plasmin

Question 31

In the clotting cascade,the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at:

A) factor XII.
B) Hageman factor.
C) factor X.
D) factor V.

Question 32

_____ may activate the complement system.

A) Viruses
B) Antigen-antibody complexes
C) Mast cells
D) Macrophages

Question 33

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response?

A) Prostaglandins and bradykinin
B) Leukotrienes and serotonin
C) Tryptase and histamine
D) Phospholipase and prostacyclin

Question 34

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

A) Destroyed tissue is replaced by non-functioning scar tissue.
B) Regeneration occurs in which original tissue is replaced.
C) Resolution occurs when tissue is regenerated.
D) Destroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization.

Question 35

What effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process?

A) It causes vasodilation around the inflamed areA.
B) It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area.
C) It directs leukocytes to the inflamed area.
D) It produces edema around the inflamed area.

Question 36

One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by:

A) endogenous pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus.
B) bacterial endotoxin acting on the hypothalamus.
C) antigen-antibody complexes acting on the hypothalamus.
D) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus.

Question 37

What is function of the complement cascade called opsonization?

A) It is the tagging of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
B) It is the processing of pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity.
C) It is the destruction of glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
D) It is the anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation.

Question 38

Where is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a)secreted?

A) From virally infected cells
B) From bacterial infected cells
C) From macrophages
D) From mast cells

Question 39

When histamine binds the histamine 2 (H2)receptor,inflammation is:

A) inhibited.
B) activated.
C) accelerated.
D) not changed.

Question 40

What are the inflammatory effects of nitric oxide (NO)?

A) It increases capillary permeability and causes pain.
B) It increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation.
C) It causes smooth muscle contraction and fever.
D) It decreases mast cell function and decreases platelet aggregation.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
Enhance recognition and adherence of bacteria by phagocytes

A)Opsonization
B)Engulfment
C)Phagosome
D)Fusion
E)Destruction

Question 42

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. )
Tears

A)Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid
B)Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria

Question 43

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

A) Normal saline
B) Povidone-iodine
C) Hydrogen peroxide
D) Dakins solution

Question 44

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. )
Saliva

A)Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid
B)Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria

Question 45

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. )
Sebaceous glands

A)Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid
B)Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria

Question 46

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. )
Perspiration

A)Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid
B)Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria

Question 47

Why do many older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing?

A) Because their circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
B) Because they are deficient in complement and chemotaxis.
C) Because they have underlying chronic illnesses.
D) Because they have an insufficient number of mast cells.

Question 48

Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response because:

A) their circulatory system is too immature to adequately perfuse tissues.
B) they are deficient in complement and chemotaxis.
C) they have an insufficient number of mast cells.
D) their lungs are too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues.

Question 49

What is a role of natural killer cells?

A) To initiate the complement cascade
B) To eliminate malignant cells
C) To bind tightly to antigens
D) To proliferate after immunization with antigen

Question 50

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
Microorganisms are killed and digested

A)Opsonization
B)Engulfment
C)Phagosome
D)Fusion
E)Destruction

Question 51

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
Intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed

A)Opsonization
B)Engulfment
C)Phagosome
D)Fusion
E)Destruction

Question 52

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

A) Impaired epithelialization
B) Impaired contraction
C) Impaired collagen matrix assembly
D) Impaired maturation

Question 53

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
Microorganisms are ingested

A)Opsonization
B)Engulfment
C)Phagosome
D)Fusion
E)Destruction

Question 54

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte

A)Opsonization
B)Engulfment
C)Phagosome
D)Fusion
E)Destruction

Question 55

Which of the following indicates a correct sequence in phagocytosis?

A) Engulfment,recognition,fusion,destruction
B) Fusion,engulfment,recognition,destruction
C) Recognition,engulfment,fusion,destruction
D) Engulfment,fusion,recognition,destruction