Deck 7: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Endogenous protein antigens are presented by Class II molecules of major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Where are antibodies produced?

A) In helper T lymphocytes
B) In the thymus gland
C) In plasma cells
D) In the bone marrow

Answer 2

In plasma cells

Question 3

The helper T cell (Th)interacts with immunocompetent B cells causing the production of a plasma cells.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How are the functions of major histocompatibility molecules and CD1 molecules alike?

A) They are both antigen-presenting molecules.
B) They both bind antigens to antibodies.
C) They both secrete interleukins during the immune process.
D) They are both capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Question 5

While macrophages present processed antigens to memory Th cells,B lymphocytes present antigens to helper Th cells.

Question 6

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

Question 7

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

Question 8

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called an antigenic determinant or a(n):

A) immunotope.
B) paratope.
C) epitope.
D) antigenitope.

Question 9

What is the term for the process in which lymphoid stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the central lymphoid organs (the thymus or bone marrow)where they undergo cellular changes into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

A) Generation of clonal diversity
B) Clonal differentiation
C) Clonal selection
D) Clonal competence

Question 10

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

A) Passive acquired immunity
B) Active acquired immunity
C) Passive innate immunity
D) Active innate immunity

Question 11

When antigens are administered to patients to produce immunity,why are different routes of administration used (e.g. ,some are given intravenously,whereas others are given subcutaneously or nasally)?

A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied,with intravenous route being the fastest.
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route,thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen.
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes.
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 12

Before birth,humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells)and B lymphocytes (B cells)that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

Question 13

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

A) Passive acquired immunity
B) Active acquired immunity
C) Passive innate immunity
D) Active innate immunity

Question 14

Each individual T and B lymphocyte specifically recognizes only one particular antigen.

Question 15

What are primary characteristics that differentiate the immune response from other protective mechanisms such as inflammation?

A) The immune system responds in the same way each time it is activated.
B) The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
C) The immune response is a short-term response to a specific pathogen.
D) The immune response is an innate response,rather than acquired.

Question 16

What is the most important determinant of immunogenicity?

A) The antigen's size
B) The antigen's foreignness
C) The antigen's complexity
D) The antigen's quantity

Question 17

Where do B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

A) In the thymus gland
B) In regional lymph nodes
C) In bone marrow
D) In the spleen

Question 18

Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infections.

Question 19

An antigen that is capable of inducing an immune response is called an immunogen.

Question 20

Most antigens react directly with cells of the immune system.

Question 21

When a person is exposed to most antigens,how long does it take before an antibody can be detected in the circulation?

A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 3 days
D) 6 days

Question 22

How are vaccinations able to provide protection against certain microorganisms?

A) Because of the strong response from immunoglobulin M (IgM)
B) Because of the level of protection provided by immunoglobulin G (IgG)
C) Because of the memory cells for immunoglobulin E (IgE)
D) Because of the rapid response from immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Question 23

Which are characteristics of the generation of clonal diversity?

A) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors.
B) The process allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells.
C) The process takes place in the primary (central)lymphoid organs (i.e. ,thymus and bone marrow).
D) The process causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations.

Question 24

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

A) Cytotoxic T cells
B) Helper 1 (Th1)cells
C) Helper 2 (Th2)cells
D) Regulatory T (Treg)cells

Question 25

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated,but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person?

A) Poliomyelitis
B) Measles
C) Tetanus
D) Gonorrhea

Question 26

At birth,samples of blood from the umbilical cord indicate which immunoglobulin levels,if any,are near adult levels?

A) None of the immunoglobulins are near adult level.
B) Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
C) Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
D) Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Question 27

What are characteristics of helper T2 cells (Th2)?

A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens.
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells.
C) They produce interleukin 1 (Il-2)tumor necrosis factor ß and interferon
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 28

Helper T 2 cells (Th2)produce interleukin 4 (Il-4)that suppresses which lymphocytes?

A) B lymphocytes
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C) Helper T1 cells (Th1)
D) Memory T lymphocytes

Question 29

If a person had very low levels of Ig__,he or she may be more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes.

A) G
B) M
C) A
D) E

Question 30

During which phase of life does the generation of clonal diversity occur?

A) In the fetus
B) In the neonate
C) In the infant after first immunizations
D) In the first year of life

Question 31

Which antibody is detected in the circulation to indicate a typical primary immune response?

A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgE

Question 32

Increased age may cause which of these changes in lymphocyte function?

A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies
D) Increased production of helper T cells.

Question 33

Which are characteristics of clonal selection?

A) The process is driven by hormones and does not require foreign antigens.
B) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors.
C) The process takes place in the primary (central)lymphoid organs (i.e. ,thymus and bone marrow).
D) The process generates immature,but immunocompetent T and B cells with receptors.

Question 34

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

A) By lysing the cell membrane of the toxins
B) By binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects
C) By inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth
D) By interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication

Question 35

How is the function of the B-cell receptor (BCR)complex different from the function of circulating antibodies?

A) The B-cell receptor (BCR)complex communicates information about the antigen to the helper T cell.
B) The B-cell receptor (BCR)complex secretes chemical signals to communicate between cells.
C) The B-cell receptor (BCR)complex recognizes the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte.
D) The B-cell receptor (BCR)complex communicates information about the antigen to the cell nucleus.

Question 36

Why are some viruses,such as measles and herpes,inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?

A) These viruses do not circulate in the blood,they are inside of infected cells.
B) These viruses do not have antibody receptors on their cell surfaces.
C) These viruses resist agglutination.
D) These viruses are soluble antigens.

Question 37

Which is an example of an exogenous antigen?

A) Virus
B) Cancer cells
C) Bacteria

Question 38

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood,saliva,breast milk,and respiratory secretions?

A) Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B) Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C) Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D) Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 39

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

A) Interleukin-1 (Il-1)
B) Interleukin-2 (Il-2)
C) Interleukin-4 (Il-4)
D) Interleukin-12 (Il-12)

Question 40

What are characteristics of helper T1 cells (Th1)?

A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens.
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells.
C) They produce interleukins 4,5,6,and 13.
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity.

Question 41

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Recognize antigens presented by endogenous protein molecules

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 42

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Recognize antigens presented by MHC I molecules

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 43

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Are induced by antigens derived from allergens

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 44

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Produce interleukins 4,5,6,and 13

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 45

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
Synthesized early in neonatal life

A)Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D)Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 46

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Recognize antigens presented by exogenous protein molecules

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 47

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
Most abundant immunoglobulin and accounts for most of the protective activity against infections

A)Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D)Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 48

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
Crosses the placenta

A)Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D)Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 49

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Are induced by antigens derived from viral or bacterial pathogens

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 50

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 51

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Develop into cytotoxic T cells

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 52

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Recognize antigens presented by MHC II molecules

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 53

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
Is the first antibody produced during initial or primary response to an antigen

A)Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D)Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 54

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Provide help in developing humoral immunity

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 55

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Produce interleukin 2 (Il-2),tumor necrosis factor ß (TNF ß),interferon
(IFN
)and interleukin 12 (Il-12)

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 56

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
Develop into helper T cells

A)CD 4 cells
B)CD 8 cells

Question 57

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2)with its characteristics.(Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. )
Provide help in developing cell-mediated immunity

A)Helper T1 lymphocytes (Th1)
B)Helper T2 lymphocytes (Th2)

Question 58

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
Mediates many common allergic responses

A)Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
B)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
C)Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
D)Immunoglobulin M (IgM)