Deck 14: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Question 1

During a synapse,what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?

A) The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential.
B) The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential.
C) The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action potential.
D) The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitter.

Answer 1

The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential.

Question 2

The fight or flight response is primarily mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following transmit a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

A) Large nonmyelinated axons
B) Large myelinated axons
C) Small nonmyelinated axons
D) Small myelinated axons

Answer 3

Large myelinated axons

Question 4

Most of the blood vessels involved in the control of blood pressure are innervated by sympathetic nerves.

Question 5

The _____ is a large network of neurons within the brain stem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness.

A) midbrain
B) reticular activating system
C) medulla oblongata
D) pons

Question 6

What do oligodendroglia and Schwann cells have in common?

A) They both form myelin sheath and neurolemmA.
B) They both are responsible for removing cellular debris.
C) They both transport nutrients and metabolites.
D) They both line the ventricles.

Question 7

Lumbar punctures are performed at the level of L1-2 because the spinal cord ends just above the L1 vertebra.

Question 8

The parasympathetic nervous system functions to conserve and restore energy.

Question 9

Elaboration of thought and goal-oriented behavior are functions of the _____ area of the brain.

A) thalamic
B) limbic system
C) prefrontal
D) occipital lobe

Question 10

Microglia perform phagocytosis in the central nervous system.

Question 11

Which nerves are capable for regeneration?

A) Nerves within the brain and spinal cord
B) Peripheral nerves that are cut or severed
C) Myelinated nerves in the peripheral nervous system
D) Unmyelinated nerves of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

A cell that apparently is part of the blood-brain barrier is a(n):

A) neurolemmocyte.
B) Schwann cell.
C) oligodendrocyte.
D) astrocyte.

Question 13

Principal cellular changes associated with aging include lipofuscin deposition as well as the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

Question 14

Chemical synapses between neurons can send messages in both directions.

Question 15

The blood-brain barrier is composed of the three meninges covering the brain cells.

Question 16

The spinal cord has no direct blood supply and receives its nutrition from cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 17

Where is the region responsible for motor aspects of speech?

A) Wernicke area in the temporal lobe
B) Broca area in the frontal lobe
C) Wronka's area in the parietal lobe
D) Barlow's area in the occipital lobe

Question 18

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)s,the neuron is said to be:

A) hyperpolarized.
B) facilitated.
C) integrated.
D) hypopolarized.

Question 19

_____ pathways carry sensory information toward the central nervous system.

A) Ascending
B) Descending
C) Somatic
D) Efferent

Question 20

Cholinergic effects increase heart rate,increase contractility,and cause release of renin from the kidneys.

Question 21

What is the primary response from norepinephrine?

A) Increased heart rate and contractility
B) Release of renin from the kidney
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Pupillary dilation

Question 22

The _____ is the membrane that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.

A) tentorium cerebelli
B) falx cerebri
C) arachnoid membrane
D) falx cerebelli

Question 23

Which meninges closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows sulci and fissures?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid
C) Pia mater
D) Inner dura

Question 24

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Receives sensory input from the body

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 25

The ability of the eyes to track moving objects through a visual field is primarily a function of the:

A) inferior colliculi.
B) superior colliculi.
C) midcolliculi.
D) posterior colliculi.

Question 26

The _____ provides for collateral blood flow to the brain.

A) carotid arteries
B) basal artery
C) circle of Willis
D) vertebral arteries

Question 27

What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

A) Stimulates peristalsis
B) Increases blood sugar levels
C) Reduces heart rate
D) Causes pupillary constriction

Question 28

What produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A) Arachnoid villi
B) Choroid plexuses
C) Ependymal cells
D) Pia mater

Question 29

What is the function of arachnoid villi?

A) To produce cerebrospinal fluid
B) To provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses
C) To transmit impulses within the meninges
D) To absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the cerebral venous sinuses

Question 30

The _____ has two main functions: maintenance of a constant internal environment and implementation of behavioral patterns.

A) thalamus
B) epithalamus
C) subthalamus
D) hypothalamus

Question 31

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves?

A) Cranial nerves I (Olfactory),II (Optic),XI (Spinal accessory),XII (Hypoglossal)
B) Cranial nerves III (Oculomotor),VII (Facial),IX (Glossopharyngeal),X (Vagus)
C) Cranial nerves IV (Trochlear),V (Trigeminal),VI (Abducens),VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
D) Cranial nerves IX (Glossopharyngeal),X (Vagus),XI (Spinal accessory),XII (Hypoglossal)

Question 32

The _____ controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate,blood pressure,respirations,sneezing,swallowing,and coughing.

A) pons
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata

Question 33

The _____ is responsible for both conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and maintaining balance and posture.

A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) diencephalon
D) brain stem

Question 34

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in the:

A) thalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) cerebellum.
D) basal ganglia.

Question 35

Where is the neurotransmitter norepinephrine secreted?

A) In the somatic nervous system
B) In the parasympathetic pre-ganglion
C) In the sympathetic post-ganglion
D) In the parasympathetic post-ganglion
E) In the sympathetic pre-ganglion

Question 36

What parts of the brain mediates the expression of affect,both emotional and behavioral states?

A) Hypothalamus and subthalamus
B) Parietal and frontal lobes
C) Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
D) Basal ganglia

Question 37

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Question 38

The brain receives approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 80%
B) 40%
C) 20%
D) 10%

Question 39

What is a characteristic of upper motor neurons?

A) They directly influence to muscles.
B) They influence and modify spinal reflex arcs.
C) Their cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) They extend their dendritic processes out of the CNS.

Question 40

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Question 41

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Vagus nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 42

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Vestibulocochlear nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 43

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Abducens nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Stimulation of specific areas cause muscles to move

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Provides short term and recall memory

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 46

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Trochlear nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 47

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Trigeminal nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 48

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Primary visual cortex

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 50

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Spinal accessory nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Responsible for reception and interpretation of speech

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 52

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Olfactory nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 53

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Oculomotor nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 54

MATCHING
Match the lobe of the cerebral cortex with its function.(Names of lobes may be used more than once. )
Primary auditory cortex

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 55

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
Hypoglossal nerve

A)Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward
B)Has both motor and sensory functions to face,mouth,nose,and eyes
C)Carries motor functions to tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain
D)Controls size,shape,and equality of pupils
E)Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue
F)Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
G)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
H)Carries impulse for sense of smell
I)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
J)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
K)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx