Deck 25: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Question 1

Erythropoietin induces the selective proliferation of proerythroblasts.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The _____ are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines,such as histamine,bradykinin,and serotonin.

A) neutrophils
B) eosinophils
C) monocytes
D) basophils

Answer 2

basophils

Question 3

_____ are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages.

A) Monocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Basophils

Answer 3

Monocytes

Question 4

What is the life span of an erythrocyte?

A) 20 to 30 days
B) 100 to 120 days
C) 200 to 240 days
D) indefinite

Question 5

Which characteristic of albumin is false?

A) Albumin retains sodium to maintain water balance.
B) Albumin provides colloid osmotic pressure.
C) Albumin is synthesized in the liver.
D) Albumin is a carrier for calcium and some drugs.

Question 6

Once activated,the clotting cascade is immediately controlled by counteracting anticoagulants.

Question 7

_____ are formed elements of the blood that are not cells,but disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting.

A) Monocytes
B) Platelets
C) Macrophages
D) Erythrocytes

Question 8

Thrombocytes develop from megakaryocytes in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Question 9

Aging causes major changes in blood composition.

Question 10

Platelets are not cells;they are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments.

Question 11

Two important characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers.These are:

A) biconcavity and permanent shape.
B) permanent shape and reversible deformability.
C) reversible deformability and biconcavity.
D) biconcavity and the presence of hyperactive mitochondria.

Question 12

Erythrocytes and platelets lack cell nuclei.

Question 13

Only reduced ferrous iron (Fe¹¹)can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin.

Question 14

Serum is plasma that has been altered in the laboratory to remove fibrinogen or some other elements that is unnecessary in the sample.

Question 15

The most abundant class of plasma protein is:

A) globulin.
B) albumin.
C) clotting factors.
D) complement proteins.

Question 16

In the clotting process,collagen provides a particularly strong stimuli to activate platelets.

Question 17

Which statement about plasma proteins is false?

A) Plasma proteins provide clotting factors.
B) Plasma proteins transport triglycerides and cholesterol.
C) Plasma proteins synthesize complement proteins.
D) Plasma proteins create hydrostatic pressure.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of erythrocytes?

A) Erythrocytes contain a nucleus,mitochondria,and ribosomes.
B) Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
C) Erythrocytes can change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
D) Erythrocyte proliferation is stimulated by erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF).

Question 19

What is the effect of low albumin in plasma?

A) Clotting factors decrease,thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
B) Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized,thus impairing the immune function.
C) Less iron is stored,thus increasing the incident of iron deficient anemia.
D) Osmotic pressure decreases,thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.

Question 20

The surface of the endothelium produces plasma protease inhibitors to resist clot formation.

Question 21

Where is iron absorbed?

A) Stomach
B) Duodenum
C) Proximal jejunum
D) Ascending colon

Question 22

Hemoglobin made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe¹¹¹)is called _____ and is unstable and lacks the ability to bind oxygen.

A) deoxyhemoglobin
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) methemoglobin
D) glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 23

During an infection,lymph nodes enlarge and become tender because:

A) of the proliferation of macrophages.
B) the nodes are inflamed.
C) the nodes filled with purulent exudate.
D) the nodes are not functioning properly.

Question 24

What is the role of plasmin in the clotting process?

A) It stimulates platelet aggregation.
B) It inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.
C) It prevents the conversion of prothrombin to degrade the fibrin within blood clots.
D) It degrades the fibrin within blood clots.

Question 25

How does the drug heparin act in hemostasis?

A) Heparin inhibits thrombin and factor XA.
B) Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
C) Heparin shortens the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot.
D) Heparin degrades the fibrin within blood clots.

Question 26

Which nutrients are necessary for the hemoglobin synthesis?

A) Protein and niacin
B) Iron and vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)and folate
D) Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 27

Which of the following shows a correct sequence in the development of erythrocytes?

A) Normoblast,reticulocyte,and basophilic erythroblast
B) Basophilic erythroblast,normoblast,and reticulocyte
C) Normoblast,committed proerythroblast,and reticulocyte
D) Committed proerythroblast,normoblast,and reticulocyte

Question 28

Removing the stomach with its parietal cells would prevent the absorption of an essential nutrient necessary to prevent which type of anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Folic acid deficiency anemia
D) Aplastic anemia

Question 29

Where does fetal hematopoiesis occur?

A) In the gut
B) In the liver
C) In the bone marrow
D) In the thymus

Question 30

Polycythemia at birth may indicate:

A) hypoxia in utero.
B) dysfunctional bone marrow.
C) congenitally absent spleen.
D) dehydration in utero.

Question 31

Cells that destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells without prior exposure are:

A) lymphocytes.
B) plasma cells.
C) megakaryocytes.
D) natural killer cells.

Question 32

What is a consequence of a splenectomy?

A) There is an increased level of iron in the circulation.
B) Antibody production increases to improve immune function.
C) The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
D) The number of clotting factors increases.

Question 33

Recycling of iron from erythrocytes is made possible by:

A) transferrin.
B) hemosiderin.
C) apoferritin.
D) erythropoietin.

Question 34

Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and maturation of erythrocytes?

A) Protein and niacin
B) Iron and vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)and folate
D) Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 35

Where are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

A) Liver
B) Lymph nodes
C) Thymus
D) Spleen

Question 36

What is the life span of platelets?

A) 10 days
B) 30 days
C) 90 days
D) 120 days

Question 37

_____ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure.

A) Colony-stimulating factor
B) Erythropoietin
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)
D) Folate
E) Iron

Question 38

What is the role of nitric oxide (NO)in hemostasis?

A) Nitric oxide (NO)stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug.
B) Nitric oxide (NO)stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII.
C) Nitric oxide (NO)causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation.
D) Nitric oxide (NO)causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Question 39

Which blood cells are produced when stem cells are stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interleukin 3 (Il-3),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Eosinophils
D) Erythrocytes

Question 40

What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂)in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

A) Thromboxane A (TXA₂)stimulates the synthesis of serotonin.
B) Thromboxane A (TXA₂)promotes vasodilation.
C) Thromboxane A (TXA₂)stimulates platelet aggregation.
D) Thromboxane A (TXA₂)promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Endomitosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 42

Match the macrophage to its location.
Lung

A)Kupffer's cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 43

Match the macrophage to its location.
Kidney

A)Kupffer's cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Erythropoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 45

Match the macrophage to its location.
Liver

A)Kupffer's cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 46

Match the macrophage to its location.
Skin

A)Kupffer's cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 47

Match the macrophage to its location.
Nervous system

A)Kupffer's cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 48

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Phagocytosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hemostasis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 50

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hematopoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production