Deck 13: The Inmates World: the Keepers and the Kept

Question 1

Jolene has been imprisoned for six years. Due to the distance from home, Jolene is not able to see her daughter often. Her daughter was barely a teenager when Jolene was first incarcerated, and now she barely has a relationship with the adult her daughter has become. What "pain of imprisonment" is Jolene experiencing?

A) deprivation of liberty
B) deprivation of goods and services
C) deprivation of autonomy
D) deprivation of security

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Under the prison inmates' informal rules, what does it mean to "play it cool"?

A) don't quarrel with other inmates
B) don't complain about frustrations
C) don't interfere with other inmates' interests
D) don't exploit other inmates

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A new inmate joins a gang in order to gain protection after being threatened. Joining a gang is the inmate's reaction to which "pain of imprisonment"?

A) deprivation of liberty
B) deprivation of goods and services
C) deprivation of autonomy
D) deprivation of security

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Marie is distressed that she cannot decide when to eat or sleep. Which "pain of imprisonment" is she experiencing?

A) deprivation of liberty
B) deprivation of autonomy
C) deprivation of security
D) deprivation of goods and services

Question 5

Deprivation of ______ occurs due to inmates not being able to make decisions for themselves about the most basic tasks.

A) security
B) leadership
C) relationships
D) autonomy

Question 6

Why would male prisoners be in danger of becoming "half complete" as a result of being deprived of heterosexual relationships?

A) because men's self-concept is tied to their sexuality
B) because they will be victims of sexual assault during the course of their incarceration
C) because they will miss their significant other
D) because they are more likely to commit acts of violence

Question 7

According to research, what type of damage is considered the most impactful for inmates in solitary confinement?

A) gastrointestinal
B) physical
C) physiological
D) psychological

Question 8

Which pain of imprisonment represents a "deliberate, moral rejection of the criminal by a free society"?

A) deprivation of liberty
B) deprivation of goods and services
C) deprivation of heterosexual relationships
D) deprivation of autonomy

Question 9

When an offender is incarcerated, they must adjust to the prison's subcultural norms. What is this process known as?

A) deprivation
B) incarceration
C) prisonization
D) liberation

Question 10

The process by which an inmate acclimates to the values and culture of the prison is called ______.

A) period of adjustment
B) prisonization
C) assimilation
D) institutionalization

Question 11

Inmates in solitary confinement are incarcerated alone for about ______ hr per day.

A) 23
B) 15
C) 10
D) 5

Question 12

Which "pain of imprisonment" may actually be seen as a lifestyle improvement by some inmates?

A) deprivation of autonomy
B) deprivation of security
C) deprivation of goods and services
D) deprivation of liberty

Question 13

In inmate culture, which of the following statements embodies the unwritten norm of "don't be a sucker"?

A) don't trust the custodians
B) don't weaken
C) don't quarrel with fellow inmates
D) don't exploit other inmates

Question 14

Herman, an inmate in Cell Block D, regularly started fights with other inmates, and seemed to thrive on the conflict. Which of the informal norms identified by Sykes and Messinger is Herman violating, as described in prison language?

A) don't be a sucker
B) be a man
C) play it cool
D) don't be a rat

Question 15

Effects of long-term solitary confinement include each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) paranoia
B) anxiety
C) calming effect
D) migraine headaches

Question 16

Steve is serving a 5-year prison term for burglary. Every movement he makes in the prison must be approved by prison staff; his day is strictly regimented. This would be considered which "pain of imprisonment" as described by Sykes?

A) deprivation of self
B) deprivation of liberty
C) deprivation of autonomy
D) deprivation of security

Question 17

If an inmate is in their cell for 23 hr of every day what form of imprisonment are they experiencing?

A) prisonization
B) relative deprivation
C) unconstitutional imprisonment
D) solitary confinement

Question 18

Pains of imprisonment include each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) deprivation of liberty
B) deprivation of power
C) deprivation of goods and services
D) deprivation of security

Question 19

Who described the pains of imprisonment?

A) Gresham Sykes
B) Sir Walter Peel
C) Walter Compte
D) John Augustus

Question 20

What is notable about the Angola Three?

A) They were three correctional officers who were killed in Illinois, prompting the creation of the first supermax prison.
B) They are three inmates who spent between 29 and 40 years in solitary confinement, demonstrating that there is no limit on the length of time an inmate can spend in isolation.
C) They were three inmates denied the right to practice their faith behind bars, prompting a lawsuit that was eventually settled by the Supreme Court.
D) They were three correctional officers who were fired for sexually assaulting female prisoners in Louisiana's Angola prison.

Question 21

Responsibilities of captains in prisons often include which of the following?

A) reporting to the executive branch of government the status of the organization
B) frontline supervision of inmates
C) overseeing rank-and-file officers working in cell blocks
D) working with administrators in policy-making and disciplinary matters

Question 22

Which of the following custodial staff would have the rank of captain?

A) Barbara is responsible for treating prisoners with health problems.
B) Bob is responsible for overseeing the prisoners who work on the kitchen staff.
C) Joseph usually spends his days focusing on the security and disciplinary aspects of the correctional facility.
D) Janice works with the prison administration to develop policies for the prison.

Question 23

Correctional officers who observe inmates in the prison yard while positioned in isolated posts high above the yard would be categorized as ______.

A) yard officers
B) field officers
C) tower guards
D) cell block officers

Question 24

The characteristic that most distinguishes female inmates from male inmates is ______.

A) more serious drug abuse issues than male inmates
B) concerns regarding their children because they are usually the primary caregivers
C) lower levels of education than male inmates
D) more violent gang affiliations than male inmates

Question 25

Why is the role of correctional staff particularly important?

A) They are highly educated and trained for the role.
B) They provide the frontline supervision and control of inmates.
C) They document and report all incidents that occur in the facility.
D) They establish friendships and rapport with the inmates.

Question 26

When are inmates at the greatest risk of being victims of sexual violence?

A) between 5 a.m. and 10 a.m.
B) between 1 p.m. and 6 p.m.
C) between 2 a.m. and 6 a.m.
D) between 6 p.m. and midnight.

Question 27

Which acronym describes a prison term similar to a "sixth sense" for correctional workers?

A) PLRA
B) PSI
C) JDLR
D) JJDP

Question 28

Instead of forming gangs as male inmates tend to do, female prison inmates tend to do what?

A) isolate themselves
B) gang rape vulnerable female inmates
C) form mock families
D) squabble amongst themselves

Question 29

Joe Arpaio was the Maricopa County Sheriff from 1993 to 2016. One of the practices he was notorious for was setting up "Tent City," where people convicted and sentenced were housed in the Arizona desert. Temperatures during the summer were measured as high as 145 degrees Fahrenheit inside the tents. Which of the following goals of punishment describes Sherriff Arpaio's correctional philosophy?

A) deterrence
B) retribution
C) incapacitation
D) rehabilitation

Question 30

The four ranks of correctional officers include each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) patrol
B) captain
C) lieutenant
D) sergeant

Question 31

Why is it that male correctional staff prefer to work in male institutions rather than female prisons?

A) Male inmates are considered more cooperative and respectful than female inmates.
B) Male inmates are seen as more of a challenge than female inmates.
C) There is more prestige in working at a male prison than a female prison.
D) Female inmates are more likely than male inmates to wrongfully accuse male staff of misconduct.

Question 32

Jose's main duty is to oversee the inmates working in the kitchen. What describes Jose's position?

A) cell block officer
B) yard officer
C) work detail supervisor
D) tower guard

Question 33

Which type of correctional officer is tasked with supervising the general well-being of inmates?

A) yard officers
B) cell block officers
C) wardens
D) tower guards

Question 34

What has the state of Pennsylvania implemented to deal with inmate drug use?

A) using solitary confinement for inmates caught in possession of drugs
B) mandating substance abuse treatment for those who test positive for drugs
C) prosecuting inmates who test positive for drugs
D) prosecuting inmates caught in possession of drugs

Question 35

Correctional officers who supervise the daily activities and general well-being of inmates in cell blocks are categorized as ______.

A) administrative officers
B) yard officers
C) cell block officers
D) work detail supervisors

Question 36

Which of the following characteristics is commonly associated with inmates who sexually assault other inmates?

A) They are affiliated with a prison gang.
B) They are not known to the victim.
C) They are usually first-time perpetrators.
D) They usually suffer from extreme mental illness.

Question 37

Barbara is a yard officer. She notices that several inmates are banding together in groups by race, ethnicity, and gang affiliation. She alerts the rest of the staff that she is concerned that there may be problems brewing, and asks for additional staff to be sent to the yard. What was Barbara doing?

A) applying the correctional philosophy of deterrence
B) reading the yard
C) overreacting to normal inmate behavior
D) discriminating against certain ethnic groups

Question 38

Female prison inmates' conflict and guilt resulting from the separation from their children is often referred to as ______.

A) pains of imprisonment
B) unfortunate incarceration
C) gender discrimination
D) parental conflict

Question 39

Incapacitation, rehabilitation, deterrence, and retribution are the four goals of ______.

A) training
B) fiscal responsibility
C) punishment
D) inmate litigation

Question 40

How do correctional staff identify a suspicion that something may be wrong?

A) knowing when things just don't look right
B) discussing potential issues with inmates
C) waiting until a problem arises
D) viewing inmate activity on closed circuit cameras

Question 41

Which of the following is true of prison gangs?

A) They are typically very highly organized.
B) They are structured along racial or ethnic lines.
C) They have more members than street gangs.
D) They are more powerful in federal prisons than state prisons.

Question 42

The "hands-off" policy regarding prison administration refers to ______.

A) prison administrators giving line staff full discretion to carry out their jobs as needed
B) prohibitions against sexual activity with inmates
C) prohibitions against harming inmates in any way
D) the judiciary leaving all matters pertaining to the institution up to the warden

Question 43

What entity reviews the prisoner's plans and progress, oversees their reentry, and ensures that they participate in transitional programs?

A) reentry courts
B) transition courts
C) drug courts
D) aftercare courts

Question 44

Why is it imperative for prisons to focus on providing correctional programming such as drug treatment and vocational training?

A) because it reduces costs to taxpayers
B) because it helps create jobs in the community
C) because it reduces the number of prisoners who reoffend and return to prison after their release
D) because it decreases boredom and positively impacts the mental health of prisoners while they are incarcerated

Question 45

What is the difference between digital body cavity searches and visual body cavity searches, according to the Supreme Court?

A) Visual body cavity searches can be conducted on visitors, while digital body cavity searches can only be conducted on inmates.
B) Reasonable suspicion is required before guards can conduct digital body cavity searches because of their more intrusive nature.
C) Visual body cavity searches are conducted any time an inmate is moved from one location to another.
D) Digital body cavity searches are only conducted the first time an inmate enters the correctional facility.

Question 46

How are prison officials attempting to mitigate the problem of gangs within the institution?

A) Charging gang members with additional criminal complaints.
B) Placing greater restrictions on gang members.
C) Transferring gang leaders to other institutions.
D) Forcing the integration of different gang members.

Question 47

Why are prisons and jails sometimes referred to as America's "new asylums"?

A) because in most correctional facilities, a majority of inmates will have some form of mental illness
B) because prison life causes an exponential increase in mental illness
C) because correctional officers are routinely trained as mental health practitioners
D) because jails and prisons all provide exceptional mental healthcare to incarcerated individuals

Question 48

Michael received drug treatment while in prison, and has just been paroled. He coordinates with a halfway house to help him find housing and employment and reconnect with family members. What process is Michael engaging in?

A) reintegration and reconnection
B) rehabilitation and parole supervision
C) reorientation and programming
D) reentry and aftercare

Question 49

Which of the following is true of geriatric inmates?

A) Their numbers are decreasing.
B) Many have chronic health problems.
C) They are in remarkably better shape than their counterparts on the outside.
D) They have higher suicide rates than their counterparts on the outside.

Question 50

What are the three reasons prison gangs are formed?

A) survival, protection, and dominance
B) solidarity, protection, and power
C) dominance, solidarity, and companionship
D) protection, power, and dominance

Question 51

What method has proven useful in reducing problems posed by gangs in prison?

A) attempting to accommodate gangs
B) increasing punishments for infractions if inmates are members of gangs
C) infiltrating gangs with undercover officers posing as inmates
D) segregating and isolating gang members

Question 52

Which of the following is true of hostage-taking events?

A) Hostage-taking events usually come as a complete surprise to prison administrators.
B) They can be planned or impulsive.
C) Inmates and employees are the only people at risk of becoming a hostage.
D) Hostage-taking events rarely involve bloodshed.

Question 53

One study found that ______ account for at least half of all prison problems.

A) male inmates
B) drug addicts
C) prison gangs
D) rapists

Question 54

What process involves providing services to, and supervision for, paroled inmates attempting to reintegrate into the community?

A) reintegration and restoration
B) reentry and aftercare
C) parole and probation
D) vocational training and mental healthcare

Question 55

All of the following explain why numbers of elderly inmates increasing, EXCEPT ______.

A) "life without parole" sentencing
B) improved medical care
C) an increase in crimes committed by senior citizens
D) "three-strikes" laws

Question 56

Because prison and jail administrators are rarely trained to deal with the mentally ill, what methods of control do they regularly employ to deal with mentally ill inmates?

A) solitary confinement
B) drug treatment programs
C) increasing prison sentences for disruptive inmates
D) transferring mentally ill inmates to specialized mental health facilities

Question 57

Which Supreme Court case determined that prisons should only restrict the rights of prisoners if it was substantially related to a legitimate concern of the prison?

A) Cooper v. Pate
B) Jordan v. Gardner
C) Turner v. Safley
D) Ruffin v. Commonwealth

Question 58

What is one factor that increases the rate of sexual coercion among inmate populations?

A) high numbers of prisoners incarcerated for drug offenses.
B) cell-type housing.
C) poorly trained correctional officers.
D) racial conflict within the facility.

Question 59

What is the dual dilemma mentally ill inmates pose for correctional administrators?

A) They may be serving a long sentence but do not remember why.
B) They are often targeted by other inmates and need protection.
C) They are often confused and require more monitoring.
D) They are often violent and may be serving a long sentence.

Question 60

The longest prison hostage situation in American history lasted how many days?

A) 10 days
B) 15 days
C) 31 days
D) 100 days

Question 61

The process of socialization and adjusting to prison's subculture is referred to as prisonization.

Question 62

How are Section 1983 lawsuits used?

A) for inmates seeking legal remedies regarding their confinement
B) for correctional staff seeking legal remedies against inmate attacks
C) to limit inmate lawsuits
D) to contest inadequate access to legal materials in prisons

Question 63

One of the first changes in viewing correctional staff in the 1970s was the adoption of the term "correctional officer" rather than "guard."

Question 64

In which court case did the Virginia Supreme Court argue that inmates were "slaves of the state" and had lost all rights of citizenship?

A) Johnson v. Avery
B) Cooper v. Pate
C) Ruffin v. Commonwealth
D) Wolf v. McDonnell

Question 65

Which judicial approach was influenced by the 13th Amendment, which states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States . . ."?

A) The hands-on doctrine, which suggested that prisoners have constitutional rights.
B) The free-world doctrine, which believes that prisoners retain rights to carry on communications through mail.
C) The prisoners'-rights doctrine, which argues that prison inmates retain all the rights of free citizens except those which involve due process.
D) The hands-off doctrine, which argues that prisoners were "slaves of the state."

Question 66

Prison gangs account for at least half of all prison problems.

Question 67

The Pennsylvania plan established a zero-tolerance policy toward drug use in prisons and utilized prosecution of those inmates caught with drugs.

Question 68

Which Supreme Court decision asserted that there is "no iron curtain drawn between the Constitution and the prisons of this country"?

A) Wolff v. McDonnell
B) Estelle v. Gamble
C) Procunier v. Martinez
D) Cruz v. Beto

Question 69

Gang membership is for life; inmates are expected to belong even after they are released from prison.

Question 70

The phrase "deliberate indifference" refers to what practice in prisons?

A) failure to report inmates' violence against other correctional staff
B) failure to report other correctional staff for sexual violence against inmates
C) intentionally doing nothing when an inmate has been attacked
D) unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain on an inmate

Question 71

Which of the following is a right granted to prisoners as a result of the Wolff v. McDonnell Supreme Court decision?

A) The right to freely practice their religion.
B) The right to have access to an adequate law library.
C) The right to call witnesses and to present documentary evidence in the inmate's defense.
D) The right to obtain adequate medical care.

Question 72

In Bounds v. Smith, the Court found that prisoners have a right to access to adequate law libraries or assistance from people trained in the law. Which of the following is an example of an alternative method for providing this access?

A) providing state-funded attorneys for second and third appeals
B) requiring attorneys to provide free assistance in order to maintain their law license
C) training inmates as paralegals
D) training correctional officers as paralegals

Question 73

Most prisons are said to provide inmates with a comfortable lifestyle.

Question 74

Of all sources of stress for correctional officers, they actually experience very little related to inmates; it is more related to stress from organizational factors such as unreasonable supervisors and low wages.

Question 75

Among the dilemmas of housing mentally ill inmates is that they are often serving long sentences and are targeted by other inmates.

Question 76

What was a concern by judicial proponents of the "hands-off doctrine" regarding prisoner rights?

A) Decisions by justices not trained in penology could undermine the discipline of the prison.
B) Justices needed to ensure that prisoners suffered as retribution for their crimes.
C) Justices needed to recognize that the Constitution invalidated the rights of incarcerated persons.
D) Granting rights to prisoners could increase the likelihood of serious injury to correctional officers.

Question 77

If an inmate alleges that excessive force was used against them, courts will find in their favor if the inmate sustained serious injuries, even if the force was applied in good faith to restore order.

Question 78

Based on what you've learned in the chapter, which of the following individuals would be incarcerated in prison?

A) Vicky, who was sentenced to 7 months for theft.
B) Rachel, who was convicted of a misdemeanor.
C) Brenda, who is waiting for her court appearance but cannot afford to make bail.
D) Suzanne, pled guilty to drug charges as part of a plea deal, receiving a 2 year sentence.

Question 79

The Supreme Court's decision in ______ is significant because for the first time, the court acknowledged that inmates are entitled to certain due process rights during prison disciplinary proceedings.

A) Wolff v. McDonnell
B) Estelle v. Gamble
C) Procunier v. Martinez
D) Cruz v. Beto

Question 80

Studies show that parolees who have taken advantage of prison-based correctional programming and aftercare programs have lower recidivism rates.