Deck 42: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?

A) Macrophages
B) Mast cells
C) Fibroblasts
D) Histiocytes

Answer 1

Fibroblasts

Question 2

Merkel cells are associated with touch receptors and function as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors when stimulated.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Tinea (e.g. ,ringworm)and candidiasis are both caused by fungi.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the skin originating from keratinocytes,the cells of the skin that synthesize the pigment melanin.

Question 5

Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation?

A) Sebaceous
B) Apocrine
C) Eccrine
D) Exocrine

Question 6

The initiating site of inflammation in vasculitis may be blood,vessel wall,or adjacent tissue.

Question 7

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy that occurs only in people with AIDS.

Question 8

Cytomegalovirus is a type of herpesvirus.

Question 9

_____ of the epidermis initiate immune responses and provide defense against environmental antigens.

A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Melanocytes

Question 10

Older adults have impaired wound healing because of a decreased blood supply and depressed immune system.

Question 11

Which receptors of the autonomic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?

A) Cholinergic
B) ß-Adrenergic
C) -Adrenergic
D) Anticholinergic

Question 12

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition.

Question 13

Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions of the skin?

A) Histiocytes
B) Fibroblasts
C) Mast cells
D) Macrophages

Question 14

Warts are benign lesions of the skin caused by human papillomavirus.

Question 15

When pressure on capillaries is unrelieved,the endothelial cells lining those capillaries become disrupted with platelet aggregation forming microthrombi that block blood flow and cause anoxic necrosis of surrounding tissue.

Question 16

Shingles and chickenpox are both caused by the same herpesvirus.

Question 17

The relationship between nevi and melanoma has been found to be insignificant.

Question 18

Erysipelas is an acute infection of the skin most often caused by group A streptococci.

Question 19

A furuncle may be a folliculitis that has spread through the follicular wall to the dermis.

Question 20

Pain experienced by patients during the thawing period after frostbite is mild since the nerve endings are anesthetized by the cold.

Question 21

Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus?

A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin E
C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin M

Question 22

Which type of psoriasis is characterized by lesions on the elbows and knees that are well-demarcated,thick,silvery,scaly,and erythematous?

A) Plaque psoriasis
B) Inverse psoriasis
C) Guttate psoriasis
D) Erythrodermic psoriasis

Question 23

Which skin disorder begins with a single lesion that is circular,demarcated,salmon-pink,approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter and usually located on the trunk?

A) Lichen planus
B) Pityriasis rosea
C) Psoriasis
D) Acne rosacea

Question 24

What is the first change in the skin to indicate a pressure ulcer?

A) Blanchable erythema of intact skin
B) Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
C) Blister at the site of pressure
D) Reddish purple discoloration

Question 25

Scleroderma is more common in women and is associated with:

A) an X-linked recessive gene.
B) an X-linked dominant gene.
C) a virus.
D) several autoantibodies.

Question 26

Tinea corporis (ringworm)is a _____ infection of the skin.

A) nematode
B) fungal
C) viral
D) bacterial

Question 27

_____ is a benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions on the chest,back,and face that are tan or waxy yellow,flesh colored,or dark brown-black.

A) Basalokeratosis
B) Seborrheic keratosis
C) Keratoacanthoma
D) Actinic keratosis

Question 28

What is the term for the skin lesions that are elevated,rounded,and firm with irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?

A) Psoriasis
B) Dermatitis
C) Acne
D) Keloid

Question 29

Which skin lesion is mediated by immunoglobulins E (IgE)-stimulated release of histamine,bradykinin,kallikrein,or acetylcholine from mast cells?

A) Dermatitis
B) Scleroderma
C) Urticaria
D) Cutaneous vasculitis

Question 30

In allergic contact dermatitis,which cells process the antigens and present them to T lymphocytes?

A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Macrophages

Question 31

_____ are a collection of infected hair follicles that often occur on the back of the neck,the upper back,and lateral thighs.The lesions begin in the subcutaneous tissue and lower dermis as a formed mass that evolves into an erythematous,painful,edematous mass,which drains through many openings.

A) Erysipelas
B) Furuncles
C) Carbuncles
D) Boils

Question 32

Keloids are sharply elevated,irregularly shaped,progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.

A) elastin
B) collagen
C) stroma
D) reticular fibers

Question 33

Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of _____ in small blood vessels as a toxic response allergens.

A) immune complexes
B) immunoglobulin E
C) complement
D) T lymphocytes

Question 34

_____ is an inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by pruritis with lesions that have an indistinct border and is often considered synonymous with dermatitis.

A) Eczema
B) Psoriasis
C) Atopic dermatitis
D) Pityriasis rosea

Question 35

Chickenpox may be followed years later by:

A) erysipelas.
B) cytomegalovirus.
C) warts (verrucae).
D) herpes zoster.

Question 36

When taking a history from a patient with psoriasis,which medications does the nurse ask about that may exacerbate existing psoriasis?

A) Antibiotics
B) Calcium channel blockers
C) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
D) Antilipidemics

Question 37

What clinical manifestations do allergic,atopic,and stasis dermatitis have in common?

A) Petechiae and hyperpigmentation
B) Edema and vesicular lesions
C) Scaling and crusting of lesions
D) Erythema and pruritus

Question 38

Which malignancy is characterized by a defect that prevents cells from being shed by the normal keratinization process?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Malignant melanoma
C) Kaposi sarcoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 39

Dressings applied to pressure ulcers should be:

A) flat and dry.
B) flat and moist.
C) bulky and dry.
D) bulky and moist.

Question 40

In latex allergies,which immunoglobulin is associated with an immediate reaction?

A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin E
C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin M

Question 41

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite?

A) Leukotrienes,serotonin,and prostacyclin
B) Histamine,bradykinin,and thromboxanes
C) Lymphokines,leukotrienes,and fibrin
D) Plasmin,lysosomal compounds,prostacyclin

Question 42

_____ is a fungal infection of the nail plate.

A) Paronychia
B) Onychomycosis
C) Tinea corporis
D) Tinea capitis

Question 43

Which nevus is characterized by a small (less than 1 cm)lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs;colors change from skin tones to light brown;has a slight likelihood of developing into a melanoma?

A) Junctional nevus
B) Epidermal nevus
C) Intradermal nevus
D) Compound nevus

Question 44

Treatment for frostbite includes:

A) application of local,dry heat.
B) rubbing or massaging the area.
C) immersing in warm water.
D) leaving the area uncovered.

Question 45

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with:

A) posterior pituitary adenomA.
B) Cushing disease.
C) polycystic ovaries.
D) Addison disease.

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Psoriasis or seborrheic and actinic keratoses

A)Elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema;solid,transient;with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed,superficial lesion filled with serous fluid,less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 47

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Nevi (flat mole)

A)Elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema;solid,transient;with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed,superficial lesion filled with serous fluid,less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 48

Which malignancy is characterized by slow growing lesions that usually have depressed centers and rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Kaposi sarcoma
C) Malignant melanoma
D) Basal cell carcinoma

Question 49

An older adult male states he has a sore above his lip that has not healed and is getting bigger.The nurse observes a red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins.The nurse recognizes these features as commonly associated with:

A) Kaposi sarcomA.
B) malignant melanoma.
C) basal cell carcinoma.
D) squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 50

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

A) myc
B) Tp53
C) src
D) RAS

Question 51

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

A) Endothelial cell
B) Keratinocyte cells
C) Melanocyte cells
D) Exothelial cells

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Varicella (chickenpox),herpes zoster (shingles)

A)Elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema;solid,transient;with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed,superficial lesion filled with serous fluid,less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 53

Why is aspirin given to patients being treated for frostbite?

A) To treat fever
B) To prevent plate aggregation
C) To reduce pain
D) To inhibit prostaglandins

Question 54

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Wart (verruca)or lichen planus

A)Elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema;solid,transient;with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed,superficial lesion filled with serous fluid,less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 55

MATCHING
Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Urticaria,allergic reaction

A)Elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema;solid,transient;with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed,superficial lesion filled with serous fluid,less than 1 cm in diameter