Deck 6: Gender and Delinquency

Question 1

Children growing up in families disrupted by parental death are less adjusted than children of divorce.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the future,there will be less money available to care for needy children due to the increase in the elderly population in the United States.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Parental divorce,while linked to criminal activity and aggression,has failed to produce a link with teenage marriage.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Evidence that the behavior of children of divorce improves over time is conclusive.

Question 5

Research studies indicate that good parenting only lowers the risk of delinquency for children living in affluent areas.

Question 6

Effective parenting can help neutralize the effect of both individual and social forces,which promote delinquent behaviors.

Question 7

In the United States,concerted efforts to deal with parental abuse and neglect did not begin until 1874.

Question 8

Children who are subject to even minimal amounts of physical punishment are more likely to use violence themselves.

Question 9

Boys are more affected by both the quality of the mother's parenting and postdivorce parental conflict.

Question 10

The youngest children in a family may suffer the most from resource dilution.

Question 11

If one sibling is delinquent,research indicates that the probability is low to have another delinquent in the family.

Question 12

Parental divorce conflict between parents is related to child maladjustment.​

Question 13

Children from working poor families are most likely to suffer from inadequate child care.

Question 14

According to the text,family breakup is the only type of family dysfunction that has been found to promote delinquent behavior.

Question 15

Research indicates that children growing up in broken homes were less adjusted than children growing up in homes with high levels of conflict.

Question 16

Research indicates that parents whose marriage is secure produce children who are secure and independent.​

Question 17

Nye found that mothers who threatened discipline but failed to carry it out were more likely to have delinquent children than those who were consistent in their discipline.

Question 18

C.Henry Kempe of the University of Colorado coined the term "battered child syndrome."

Question 19

Blended families are more stable than families consisting of two biological parents.

Question 20

There are drastic differences between the behavior of children who merely witness intrafamily violence and those who are its victims.

Question 21

Which of the following children is least likely to live in a two-parent household?

A)An African American child
B)An Asian American child
C)A Hispanic child
D)A White non-Hispanic child

Question 22

The Court ruled that statements made to doctors during medical examination by abused minors cannot be repeated during trial,because the circumstances in which they were made could not be duplicated in a court of law.​

Question 23

Approximately what percent of teens today that give birth are unmarried?

A)50 percent
B)66 percent
C)75 percent
D)90 percent

Question 24

Which of the following best describes a blended family?

A)Nuclear families made up of two parents,their children,and grandparents
B)Nuclear families made up of two parents and their children
C)Nuclear families made up of children and one single parent
D)Nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage

Question 25

According to the latest information,what racial and/or ethnic category has the highest birthrate?

A)Asian
B)African American
C)White
D)Hispanic

Question 26

According to the text,the most crucial part of an abuse or neglect proceeding is the advisement hearing when the social service agency presents its recommendations for care of the child.

Question 27

In the case of Burton v.Biden,the courts ruled that the use of CCTV violated the defendant's right to face one's accuser.

Question 28

According to the text,four categories of family dysfunction seem to promote delinquent behavior. Which of the following is not one of these four categories?

A)Family breakup
B)Family conflict
C)Family effectiveness
D)Family makeup

Question 29

About 50 percent of all reported cases of maltreatment are substantiated after investigation.

Question 30

In the cases of Lassiter v.Department of Social Services and Santosky v.Kramer,the U.S.Supreme Court recognized the child's right to be free from parental abuse.

Question 31

Which one of the following was not a finding of Conger's research on economic stress and the family?

A)As parents become more emotionally distressed,they tend to interact with one another and their children in a more irritable and less supportive fashion.
B)Marital stability and consistent parenting increase children's risk of suffering developmental problems.
C)Economic stress processes decrease children's ability to function in a competent manner in school and with peers.
D)Parents,who remain supportive and demonstrate effective problem-solving skills in spite of hardship,shield their children and themselves from adverse consequences of economic stress.

Question 32

Approximately___________ American children currently live in extreme poverty.

A)500,000
B)3 million
C)7 million
D)12 million

Question 33

Physical neglect results from parents' failure to provide adequate food,shelter,or medical care for their children.

Question 34

Stepchildren are overrepresented in cases of familicide.

Question 35

What statement about child care is false according to the text?

A)A relative primarily cares for about 49 percent of children ages 0-4 with employed mothers.
B)Several states neither license nor monitor private providers of day care.
C)Like many other Western countries,the United States provides universal day care to working mothers.
D)Children from working poor families are most likely to suffer from inadequate child care.

Question 36

About 90 percent of day care providers:

A)routinely pass the stringent licensing requirements
B)routinely keep youths in holding pens to manage their behavior
C)have been under investigation at some time or another
D)operate "underground"

Question 37

According to longitudinal research by Spatz and Maxfield,being abused or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by nearly 60 percent.

Question 38

Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk for adverse health effects and behaviors across the life course.

Question 39

Because people are generally sympathetic to abused children,delinquents with abuse backgrounds get lighter sentences than those who were not abused.

Question 40

Today about ___________ of African American children live in a two-parent household.

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds

Question 41

Which of the following is not among the elements that distinguish effective and ineffective families?

A)Harsh discipline
B)Communication
C)Inconsistent supervision
D)Father's employment

Question 42

Psychologists suggest that maltreatment encourages children to use ________________ as a means of solving problems and prevents them from feeling empathy for others.

A)rationality
B)aggression
C)introspection
D)resistance

Question 43

Which of the following statements about gender-specific effects of divorce is false?

A)Boys seem to be more affected by the postdivorce absence of the father.
B)Girls are more affected by the quality of the mother's parenting.
C)Boys are more affected by postdivorce parental conflict.
D)Boys are less likely to become delinquent if the divorced fathers remain actively involved in their lives.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the effects of family conflict is false?

A)Children who experienced any form of family violence were more likely to act out than those who avoided relational conflict.
B)There is a vast difference in the behavior of children who witness violence versus those who are its victims.
C)Adolescents who are incarcerated report having grown up in dysfunctional homes.
D)Kids who are conflict prone may actually help to destabilize households.

Question 45

___________________ is manifested by constant criticism and rejection of the child by the parents.

A)Physical abuse
B)Physical neglect
C)Emotional abuse
D)Educational neglect

Question 46

Which of the following is not among the research findings on the association between divorce and delinquency?

A)Remarriage lessens the effects of divorce on youth.
B)Postdivorce conflict between parents is related to child maladjustment.
C)Parental divorce raises the likelihood of teenage marriage.
D)Children growing up in families disrupted by parental death are better adjusted than children of divorce.

Question 47

Which statement about substance abuse and child abuse is false?

A)Children of alcoholics suffer more injuries and poisonings than do children in the general population.
B)Alcohol and other substances may act as disinhibitors,lessening impulse control and allowing parents to behave abusively.
C)Children in this environment often demonstrate behavioral problems and are diagnosed as having conduct disorders.
D)Children raised in such households are less likely to have problems with alcohol and other drugs as they refuse to model their parents' behavior.

Question 48

Historically,concern for the negative effects of child maltreatment came about with the case of:

A)Charles Lindbergh,Jr.
B)Mary Ellen Wilson
C)Adam Walsh
D)Jody Bobek

Question 49

Nye established a link between parental conflict and delinquency with the finding that:

A)children of transient workers have higher delinquency rates than other groups
B)a child's perception of marital happiness was a significant predictor of delinquency
C)children who witness marital violence have higher delinquency rates than other groups
D)children who are victimized in the home have higher delinquency rates than other groups

Question 50

In ________________________,the Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Constitution protects against government interference with certain fundamental rights and liberty interests,including parents' fundamental right to make decisions concerning the care,custody,and control of their children.

A)Jones v.Kentucky
B)White v.Illinois
C)Troxel v.Granville
D)Reyes v.IUP

Question 51

What is the relationship between siblings and delinquency?

A)There is no relationship between siblings and delinquency.
B)If one sibling is a delinquent,there is little probability another sibling will engage in delinquent behaviors.
C)If one sibling is a delinquent,there is a significant likelihood that his brother or sister will engage in delinquent behaviors.
D)The relationship is uncertain and lacks research findings.

Question 52

In the United States today,an estimated ________ children die each year because of abuse.

A)500
B)900
C)1,200
D)1,600

Question 53

Which of the following is not one of the factors presented in the text as playing a role in intergenerational deviance?

A)Genetic factors
B)Stigma
C)Parenting
D)Ethnicity

Question 54

Large families may suffer from _______________________ when resources are spread too thin.

A)paternalism
B)economic distress
C)resource dilution
D)resource competition

Question 55

Delinquency will be reduced if parents provide the type of structure that integrates children into families,while giving them the ability to assert their individuality and regulate their own behavior,a phenomenon referred to as __________.

A)parental efficacy
B)balancing of interest
C)familicide
D)tracking

Question 56

The ______ child may suffer the most from resource dilution.

A)oldest
B)middle
C)youngest
D)only

Question 57

Which of the following statements about child abuse and neglect is false?

A)Parents who themselves suffered abuse tend to abuse their own children.
B)Isolated and alienated families tend to become abusive.
C)Victimization rates are higher for older children than their younger brothers and sisters.
D)African American children suffer child abuse rates far higher than European American children.

Question 58

The term "battered child syndrome" was coined by:

A)C.Henry Kempe
B)Meda Chesney-Lind
C)Mary Ellen Wilson
D)David Farrington

Question 59

___________________ refers to deprivations children suffer at the hands of their parents,such as lack of food,shelter,and adequate health care.

A)Physical abuse
B)Physical neglect
C)Emotional abuse
D)Educational neglect

Question 60

A ____________________ is a lawyer appointed by the court to look after the interests of those who do not have the capacity to assert their own rights.

A)guardian ad litem
B)attorney del casa
C)counsel del rio
D)counselor de prima

Question 61

According to the text,sexual abuse accusations often:

A)are discounted
B)involve upper-class families
C)are made in conjunction with marital disputes
D)require extraneous witnesses

Question 62

States have relaxed their laws of evidence to allow out-of-court statements by the child to a social worker,teacher,or police officer to be used as evidence.Such statements would otherwise be considered:

A)hearsay
B)physical evidence
C)corroborative evidence
D)circumstantial evidence

Question 63

What is the association between James' mom's employment and his delinquency?

A)It is a direct cause.
B)It is an indirect cause.
C)The relationship is spurious.
D)It is unknown.

Question 64

Homebuilders is an in-home,intensive family preservation service and reunification program for families with youth at risk for system involvement. Which of the following is not among its core program strategies?

A)Evidence-based practices
B)Large caseload with more time availability
C)24/7 accessibility of therapists
D)Assessment of formal and informal support systems

Question 65

In a 1992 case,_____________________,the Supreme Court ruled that the state's attorney is required neither to produce young victims at trial nor to demonstrate the reason why they were unavailable to serve as witnesses.

A)Tinker v.Maryland
B)McDonald v.  New Hampshire
C)White v.Illinois
D)Root v.West Virginia

Question 66

At the _____________________,the attorney for the social service agency presents an overview of the case and the evidence;matters such as admissibility of photos and written reports are settled. The attorneys can negotiate a settlement of the case,in which the parents accept a treatment plan.

A)adjudication hearing
B)disposition hearing
C)pretrial conference
D)review hearing

Question 67

What is true about the effects of divorce?

A)Boys seem to be more affected by the postdivorce absence of the father.
B)Divorce almost always produces delinquent children.
C)Parental divorce lessens the likelihood of teenage marriage.
D)Children growing up in families disrupted by parental death are more maladjusted than children of divorce.

Question 68

Who in Tom's family may suffer the most due to resource dilution?

A)Tom
B)The middle child
C)The youngest sibling
D)His parents

Question 69

Which of the following statements about the abuse-delinquency link is false?

A)It is possible that the abuse-delinquency link is spurious,and the two factors are connected because of some external factor.
B)Research shows that the timing and extent of abuse may shape its impact.
C)The link highly suggests that most abused children become delinquent.
D)Abuse may impact on some groups of adolescents more than it does others.

Question 70

If the state intervenes and prosecutes Tom's parents,what is the first step of the process?

A)Advisement hearing
B)Review hearing
C)Pretrial conference
D)Disposition hearing

Question 71

It is estimated that about _____ out of every 100 child abuse or neglect cases reaches the trial stage.

A)2
B)10
C)25
D)46

Question 72

Many states use the __________________ approach to accommodate the parents' natural right to control their children and the child's right to grow up free from harm.

A)dual prong
B)twin pillar
C)middle of the road
D)balancing-of-the-interests

Question 73

What statement is false with regard to family conflict?

A)Intrafamily conflict is a rare experience in many American families.
B)A child's perception of his or her parents' marital happiness is a significant predictor of delinquency.
C)There seems to be little difference between the behavior of children who witness intrafamily violence and those who are its victims.
D)Children in high-conflict homes are worse off than their peers in low-conflict and intact families.

Question 74

Approximately what percent of children live with two parents?

A)23 percent
B)47 percent
C)68 percent
D)78 percent

Question 75

During a _____________________,the court reviews the facts of the case,determines whether removal of the child from the home is justified,and notifies the parents of charges against them.

A)advisement hearing
B)adjudication hearing
C)family court trial
D)interlocutory hearing

Question 76

_________________is periodically held to determine if the conditions of the case plan are being met.

A)Review hearing
B)Family court trial
C)Preliminary hearing
D)Assessment hearing

Question 77

At the ____________________,the social service agency presents its case plan,which includes visitation plans,services,or other conditions of the formal agreement.

A)adjudication hearing
B)disposition hearing
C)pretrial conference
D)review hearing

Question 78

Which of the following is false with concern to child witnesses in the courtroom?

A)Most states have enacted legislation allowing videotaped statements to be admissible in court.
B)Most of the states now allow a child's testimony to be given on closed-circuit television (CCTV).
C)Some states require that the defendant be present to directly question the child.
D)Children in sexual abuse cases have been allowed to use anatomically correct dolls to demonstrate happenings that they cannot describe verbally.

Question 79

In ____________________,the Court ruled that one-way CCTV could serve as the equivalent of in-court testimony and would not interfere with the defendant's right to confront witnesses.

A)Jones v.Kentucky
B)White v.Illinois
C)Maryland v.Craig
D)Kramer v.Kramer

Question 80

Who in Tom's family has a higher likelihood of being a victim of abuse?

A)Tom
B)The middle child
C)The youngest sibling
D)All the siblings have a similar likelihood.