Deck 12: White: Collar and Organized Crime

Question 1

What does "super-zapping" refer to?

A)stealing data from a computer slowly and gradually so that it is less likely to be detected
B)impersonating a legitimate user to gain access to a computer
C)using one computer to take over and use another computer
D)using a repair program to override an antitheft safeguard

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An employee has set up a false account in the company's computerized records and is extracting very small amounts of money from each client's account. Which type of computer crime is this an example of?

A)the Trojan horse
B)the salami slice
C)the logic bomb
D)the super whammy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which statement summarizes the category of white-collar crime known as stings and swindles?

A)tampering with products or services so that profits are increased
B)using position or influence to gain trust and then money from innocent individuals
C)skimming funds from investors in stocks or bonds
D)using one's position to threaten clients or customers into more than the required amount of money for a service

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Joe is a bar owner who often substitutes lower-priced versions of alcohol to replace premium spirits in drinks but charges the premium prices. Which category of white-collar crime is this an example of?

A)professional chiselling
B)stings and swindles
C)securities fraud
D)influence peddling and bribery

Question 5

According to Mark Haller which of the following is a similarity between a chamber of commerce and an organized crime syndicate?

A)They both plan counteroffensives on rivalling crime groups.
B)They both form with the primary intent of bettering their communities.
C)They both seek to remain hidden from public scrutiny.
D)They both gather regularly to settle disputes between members.

Question 6

Which of the following has been operated jointly by the RCMP and the Ontario Provincial Police as a national call centre aimed at eliminating fraud?

A)Crime Stoppers
B)Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre
C)Fraud Complaint Hotline
D)Tele-Busters

Question 7

Which of the following profiles is characteristic of those who commit "pure" computer crimes such as hacking?

A)They are usually youths who are dared by others to see how far into the computer systems of others they can go.
B)They are motivated by greed and wish to obtain money through the use of their superior computer skills.
C)They wish to show off their technical skills and to exact revenge or spy on others through their cyber lives.
D)They are large corporations which are intent on planting Internet cookies into the computers of consumers.

Question 8

How did Edwin Sutherland refer to the criminal activities of the rich and powerful?

A)white-collar crime
B)organized crime
C)corporate crime
D)elite crime

Question 9

Which of the following is a similarity between white-collar and organized crime?

A)They both may involve violence.
B)They both may involve stings.
C)They are both equally likely to be committed by men or women.
D)They are both relatively new types of offences.

Question 10

Joel Bakan created an award-winning documentary film called The Corporation looking at the traits of modern corporations. Which of the following statements best summarizes Bakan's perspective?

A)Corporations have become so large they are like small countries in and of themselves.
B)Modern corporations have the qualities of a small mouse which moves around in your world without you even knowing it is having an impact until it is too late.
C)Corporations operate like an irrational bureaucrat focused on structure.
D)Modern corporations have similar qualities to a psychopath with their single-minded pursuit of higher profits.

Question 11

Unsafe work environments are a form of corporate crime. What is the incidence of these events in Canada on a yearly basis?

A)Statistics are not reliably kept on workplace deaths so comparison is difficult.
B)Workplace deaths exceed street homicides in frequency each year.
C)Street homicides far exceed workplace-related deaths in frequency and severity.
D)Workplace deaths occur at a rate similar to street homicides each year.

Question 12

Who tends to be most involved in pilfering or theft of company property?

A)white-collar workers who are new to the company
B)workers at all levels of the company
C)predominantly blue-collar workers
D)offenders posing as outside contractors in to do work

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of white-collar crime?

A)a group of individuals who have gathered forces to create a chop shop for stolen vehicles which is housed in a legitimate car dealership
B)a restaurant which houses a drug trafficking business in the back room
C)a bank teller who pockets the difference in funds when a customer changes currency from Canadian money to that of another country
D)a waitress who takes longer breaks than she should

Question 14

How does the corporate culture theory explain the causes of white-collar crime?

A)Corporations encourage "if you are not first, you are last" thinking and the individuals who buy into this are more crime-prone than others.
B)"Go along to get along" notions are promoted in corporations so that new employees are pressured into conforming to cultural norms.
C)Offenders commit white-collar crimes because they have been hired into environments where it is the norm to "stay out of each other's business."
D)"Greed is good" and "profit must come first" lessons are learned in corporations in the same way they are learned on the street by gang members.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best defines the computer technique known as "phishing"?

A)setting up a computer at a distance to lure in the data from another computer through reprogramming
B)obtaining password information from email users through lure messages
C)attaching a program to a company computer and waiting for an error to trigger a theft of data
D)using a password randomizer to troll through password possibilities until the correct one is hit upon

Question 16

Several gas companies have joined forces to ensure that profits are high and consistent between them. Which of the following corporate crimes are they likely engaging in?

A)influence peddling
B)false trading
C)restraint of trade
D)negative tax evasion

Question 17

Which of the following involves illegal activities of people acknowledged purpose is profit through illegitimate business enterprise?

A)organized crime
B)restraint of trade
C)white-collar crime
D)embezzlement

Question 18

Criminals equipped the automated teller machines in some stores across Canada with tiny cameras to gain access to personal card information and pin numbers. Which of the following crimes were these individuals engaging in?

A)property fraud
B)securities fraud
C)bank fraud
D)consumer fraud

Question 19

Which act is an example of white-collar corporate violence?

A)the restaurant owner who takes all tips from servers for him- or herself
B)the transportation company which requires drivers to exceed legal limits of daily driving time
C)the factory which dumps waste into local waterways
D)the business owner who skims products for his or her own use

Question 20

How is corruption by public officials treated in China?

A)It is encouraged and rewarded.
B)It is punishable by death.
C)It is ignored.
D)It is relatively unheard of.

Question 21

It is fraudulent to show a delivery service vehicle taking off into outer space in an advertisement.

Question 22

One significant cause of white-collar crime is need.

Question 23

Where in Canada is the powerful Sicilian Mafia based?

A)Montreal, Quebec
B)Ottawa-Hull area, Ontario
C)Toronto, Ontario
D)Vancouver, British Columbia

Question 24

Insider trading is an example of swindling.

Question 25

Terrorists dedicated to political change are very different from organized crime syndicates.

Question 26

An RCMP wiretap in a downtown bar in 2003 sparked one of the largest police corruption investigations in Canadian history.

Question 27

Which of the following gangs operates along with the Outlaws motorcycle gang to act as major controllers of the drug trade in Ontario?

A)Satan's Choice
B)The Banditos
C)Hell's Angels
D)Triads

Question 28

In Canada, Aboriginal-based criminal organizations are mostly in the form of street gangs.

Question 29

The Mafia originated in Sicily, Italy.

Question 30

Indications exist that the traditional organized crime syndicates are in decline.

Question 31

Canada's Criminal Intelligence Service (CISC) is mandated to report annually on organized crime.

Question 32

Which of the following charges may now being laid against corporations or executives in the event that an employee dies in the workplace?

A)manslaughter
B)second-degree murder
C)homicide
D)criminal negligence

Question 33

One of the most controversial issues surrounding the punishment of white-collar criminals involves prosecuting corporate executives who work for companies that manufacture products believed to have killed workers or consumers.

Question 34

Organized crime is synonymous with the Mafia.

Question 35

Prime Minister Harper had to investigate one of his own advisors in 2011 for influence peddling.

Question 36

Of those who work in the criminal justice system, judges appear to be the most vulnerable to charges of corruption.

Question 37

Blue-collar workers appear to be the only employees who commit corporate theft.

Question 38

While crimes like Internet fraud are expected to increase in the future, human smuggling and extortion are expected to decline.

Question 39

Which of the following statements best defines the alien conspiracy theory of organized crime?

A)There is an understanding between the Mafia and major police organizations that controls the flow of illegal goods in and out of Canada.
B)The major biker gangs such as Hell's Angels and the Outlaws work together to maintain a tension and control of the illegal marketplace.
C)La Cosa Nostra controls a great deal of organized crime in Canada and the United States in a large-scale syndicate.
D)Organized crime is conducted by a variety of small gangs and groups of various ethnicities.

Question 40

Which of the following statements best summarizes the key characteristics of organized crime groups?

A)They have a horizontal structure with several key leaders overseeing specialized smaller groups with primary focuses on one type of illicit activity.
B)They are found primarily in European countries and are recently entering North America with the goal of taking over tobacco trade.
C)They are structured around a central gang figure that uses the membership to further his or her status.
D)They have a hierarchical structure and are focused on economic gain through supply of illegal goods or services.

Question 41

One important issue that affects every Canadian at every social level is the health-care system. Discuss what your text tells us about health-care fraud. How does the government prevent this type of fraud? Explain the potential ramifications should our government fail to protect the current health-care system.

Question 42

White-collar criminal enforcement typically involves two strategies designed to control organizational deviance: compliance and deterrence. Discuss each of these strategies. Which one do you think is probably most effective? Why?

Question 43

There are a number of formal theories of white-collar crime. For this essay, you are to discuss the corporate culture view. Do you agree with this view of white-collar crime? Why or why not?

Question 44

Your text discusses some of the general traits of organized crime. Discuss at least five of these traits.

Question 45

Is it possible for corporations operating in Canada to commit criminal acts? Explore this question in terms of Canadian law and deterrence strategies discussed in the text.

Question 46

Describe Canadian efforts to control computer crime.

Question 47

Discuss the alien conspiracy theory of organized crime. What are the critiques of this theory?

Question 48

Internet crimes are a new breed of white-collar crime. Discuss at least four of the common techniques used to commit Internet crime.

Question 49

Moore's typology of white-collar crime contains seven elements. Briefly discuss these elements.

Question 50

Discuss the issues that have plagued the Canadian political/legal systems, looking primarily at those most entrusted with the well-being of our communities and our nation. Examine the Canadian government and the Toronto police departments in terms of the public interest amid accusations of corruption and scandal.