Deck 13: Public Order Crimes

Question 1

Canadian laws concerning pornography must achieve a balance between the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, protecting freedom of speech and free expression, and the need to restrict the distribution of obscene material. What is the nature of the current Supreme Court of Canada position on pornography?

A)Provided that the subject of the material being considered consents to being involved, it must not be considered obscene.
B)If it does not express bias against persons for reasons of gender, race, or language, material must not be considered obscene.
C)Material deemed obscene may be restricted given its harm to society as a whole.
D)Obscene material may not be restricted if kept for personal use.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What view do feminists who support sexual equality hold about prostitution?

A)Women who engage in prostitution are engaging their free will and are not subjugated.
B)Prostitution is a prime example of male domination and female subjugation.
C)Prostitution must be viewed as a business transaction only.
D)Those men who purchase sex for money are unable to engage in socially appropriate relationships.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the name given to the movement launched at the turn of the 20th century to prohibit the sale of alcohol?

A)"Just say no" movement
B)DARE movement
C)temperance movement
D)suffragette movement

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What do statistics show about illegal drug use among Canadians over the past 10 to 15 years?

A)It is on the rise.
B)It is the same as ever.
C)It is lower than ever.
D)It is falling rapidly.

Question 5

What do the findings of various research studies into the use of pornography indicate is the relationship between violent behaviour and viewing pornography?

A)Those who view more than 5 hours of pornography per week are much more likely to exhibit violent behaviour than others who view less or none.
B)There is no clear link between obscene material and antisocial or violent behaviour.
C)The link between violence and pornography viewing appears to pertain to young males, under the age of 25 only.
D)Convicted rapists report having viewed more pornography than the general population.

Question 6

According to a British Columbia study, what is the average age of men frequenting prostitutes?

A)34 years
B)42 years
C)54 years
D)60+ years

Question 7

Some crimes such as prostitution and drug use are referred to as "victimless crimes." What is the rationale for their inclusion in the Criminal Code?

A)These acts remain criminal because of the presence of measurable actus reus and mens rea.
B)These types of crimes are present in criminal law because of the religious bearing on codified morality.
C)Criminal law is designed to protect the public and to represent public opinion on moral issues.
D)They have been carried over as crimes from common law and no significant case has been made to remove them to date.

Question 8

What are people called who seek to control or criminalize deviant behaviours?

A)moralists
B)moral entrepreneurs
C)power seekers
D)enthusiasts

Question 9

According to a study done in British Columbia, which of the following descriptions best represents the profile of the typical male who uses prostitutes?

A)mid-20s, black, blue-collar worker
B)mid-40s, black, executive-level worker
C)mid-50s, white, executive-level worker
D)mid-30s, white, blue-collar worker

Question 10

Jane is addicted to drugs and engaging in prostitution to escape sexual and physical abuse at home. What category of prostitution does Jane fit into?

A)streetwalkers
B)B-girls
C)circuit travellers
D)brothel prostitutes

Question 11

What is the rationale for why prostitution is not illegal in Canada?

A)A charge may not be laid for a consensual act.
B)Most prostitutes are too young to charge.
C)Such laws would further victimize prostitutes.
D)It is too difficult to find sufficient evidence in these cases.

Question 12

The police believe they have identified a transition ring. What are the characteristics of the ring they are investigating?

A)There is a group of individuals who gather reasonably regularly to trade and sell pornographic photographs of young people and to engage in sexual activity.
B)There is evidence of a well-organized group with a broad-based, well-connected network of clients and victims.
C)They have been watching a group which moves from city to city recruiting victims to be involved in pornographic movie making.
D)A basketball coach is abusing his position of trust to solicit young people into sexual activity.

Question 13

Which factor distinguishes crimes from immoral acts?

A)age of offender
B)social harm caused
C)anomie experienced by offender
D)nature of the penalties imposed

Question 14

A teen who lives in a rundown neighbourhood and who then begins to spend increasing amounts of time with drug users is likely to begin using as well, according to which theorists?

A)psychodynamic
B)subcultural
C)genetic
D)social learning

Question 15

If cannabis possession were decriminalized in Canada, which of the following police responses would take place if someone was found to be in possession of a small amount of this drug?

A)Only a warning may be issued.
B)A charge would be laid.
C)The police would not be permitted to penalize the individual in any way.
D)A ticket would be issued.

Question 16

Which term is used to refer to the fact that drug use seems to be often accompanied by other behaviours such as promiscuity, school failure, and family conflict?

A)subcultural disadvantage cluster
B)problem behaviour syndrome
C)delinquency cluster
D)risky behaviour syndrome

Question 17

In the late 1980s, which group of Canadians was granted the right to operate casinos to create jobs and provide income for the community?

A)Lions Clubs
B)Big Brothers and Big Sisters
C)First Nations
D)Anglican Churches

Question 18

Tim was charged with solicitation and he pleaded guilty. What alternative to jail time might he be offered?

A)Sex Soliciting School (SSS)
B)John School
C)SDSS-School (Stopping Delinquent Sexuality School)
D)Reform Class

Question 19

To control the use of the Internet for the purpose of child sex abuse, Bill C-15A received Royal Assent in June 2002. Which activity was made illegal as a result of this?

A)visiting any pornography sites on the Internet for which no previous research or law enforcement purpose has been approved
B)communicating with a child on the Internet for the purpose of committing a sexual offence against the child
C)posting any pictures of children under the age of 18 years without the written consent of their parents or guardians
D)impersonating or misleading children on the Internet in any way

Question 20

What is the role of lottery commissions in Ontario?

A)lobbying the government to reduce the use of lotteries across the province
B)designing new lotteries to be introduced for provincial revenue
C)regulation of all legitimate lotteries and distribution of income
D)meeting with young people to educate them on the dangers of gambling

Question 21

Substance abuse is an ancient practice dating back more than 4000 years.

Question 22

A number of criminologists believe that there is a positive relationship between obscenity and its influence upon criminality.

Question 23

Given the nature of the research results presented on drug control strategies, which approach would you use if you wanted to have the most success in reducing drug use in your community?

A)introduce prevention strategies to elementary school children
B)introduce regular drug testing programs across workplaces
C)open a methadone clinic
D)provide drug users with employment supports

Question 24

B-girls are considered the least attractive, lowest paid, most vulnerable prostitutes in the business.

Question 25

What unique challenge to controlling the drug trade in Canada do Canadian Border Services personnel encounter??

A)borders spanning waterways
B)drugs which are not detectable by trained canines
C)a lack of qualified officers to work at border stations
D)extensive, unprotected border

Question 26

The madam's role in prostitution is to act as a type of "den mother" in the interest of her employees.

Question 27

There are indications that the DARE program is overwhelmingly successful.

Question 28

Solo sex rings involve the recruitment of children by children into sexual activity.

Question 29

Various front-line agencies have created programs to educate drug users about the harmful effects of these substances and to help them to learn to minimize or control their use so that it is less damaging and less likely to result in criminal charges. What is the term used to describe these programs?

A)criminalistic strategies
B)prohibitionist approaches
C)harm-reduction strategies
D)educational approaches

Question 30

Which outcome is considered a potential consequence of harsher penalties for drug use?

A)diffusion of distribution
B)reduced usage by young people
C)syndicated rings
D)net widening

Question 31

Sexual exploitation of children can have wide reaching effects on the victims, including sexual provocative behaviour and fire setting.

Question 32

The prevalence of STDs has caused many men to avoid visiting prostitutes, fearing the irreversible health hazards that such conduct can expose them to.

Question 33

Canada's federal government introduced a bill in May 2003 that decriminalizes marijuana possession.

Question 34

Those who view drug abuse as having an environmental basis occurring primarily among members of the lower class are taking the social learning approach to drug abuse.

Question 35

Another term for "victimless crimes" is public order crimes.

Question 36

The majority of drug users in Canada are choosing cocaine as their drug of choice.

Question 37

The depiction of sex and nudity violates the law when it is judged to be obscene.

Question 38

Although there is little or no documentation of a correlation between pornography and violent crime, there is stronger evidence that people exposed to material that portrays violence, sadism, and women enjoying being raped and degraded are likely to be sexually aggressive toward female victims.

Question 39

According to the text, about how many homicides are committed by criminal offenders using alcohol at the time of their offences?

A)one-quarter
B)one-half
C)two-thirds
D)virtually all

Question 40

Decriminalization or legalization of controlled substances is very likely in the near future.

Question 41

Some commentators have called for the legalization or decriminalization of restricted drugs. Discuss the arguments put forth for this legalization or decriminalization, as presented in your text. Do you think that drugs should be legalized or decriminalized? State why or why not?

Question 42

Discuss the subcultural, psychodynamic, and rational choice views of the causes of drug use.

Question 43

Discuss what the research tells us about victimless crimes.

Question 44

Detail the history of prostitution in Canada. Should it be legalized? State why or why not?

Question 45

Explore the role of a moral entrepreneur. Explain the benefits and the consequences that such people have in a democratic society such as Canada.

Question 46

Several different types of prostitutes are discussed in your text. Discuss these types of prostitutes.

Question 47

Discuss the difference between criminal behaviour and immoral behaviour. What is a moral entrepreneur?

Question 48

Briefly summarize Judge David McCombs ruling regarding child pornography.

Question 49

Discuss what your text tells us about the drug abuse-crime association.

Question 50

Discuss the laws in Canada concerning child pornography and the effect of sexual abuse upon children.