Deck 23: Firmicutes: The Low G-C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Question 1

Clostridium perfringens causes which of the following?

A)Gas gangrene
B)Pneumonia
C)Fire blight disease of pears
D)Tuberculosis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

ATP can be produced via the Stickland reaction by ______.

A)Bacillus
B)Clostridium
C)Epulopiscium
D)Desulfotomaculum

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Staphylococcus aureus produces the enzyme __________,which causes blood plasma to clot.

Answer 3

coagulase

Question 4

The genus Veillonella is unusual because it grows well on organic acids such as lactate and pyruvate,but is normally unable to ferment glucose and other carbohydrates.

Question 5

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris is the causative agent for _______.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)farmer's lung disease
C)primary atypical pneumonia
D)vaginitis

Question 6

Abscesses and boils are often associated with _______.

A)Streptococcus mutans
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Lactococcus lactis
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 7

Clostridium tetani in deep puncture wounds can cause the disease ___________ in humans.
or

Question 8

Members of the genus Veillonella are part of the normal microflora of the

A)sweat glands and hair follicles.
B)stomach.
C)upper and lower respiratory tract.
D)mouth.

Question 9

Which of the following is responsible for causing gas gangrene?

A)Clostridium perfringens
B)Clostridium botulinum
C)Clostridium acetobutylicum
D)Clostridium tetani

Question 10

Although lacking a TCA cycle and a respiratory chain,__________ can divide with a generation time of eight to ten minutes when growing in a human host.

A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Clostridium perfringens
D)Helicobacter pylori

Question 11

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to __________ generally cannot be treated with antibiotic therapy.

Question 12

Gene duplications in Bacillus subtilis have resulted in a large gene family that encodes __________ transporters.
or
or

Question 13

A new species,_____,was recently shown to have two membranes,like a Gram-negative bacterium,but be phylogenetically related to the Gram-positive family Veillonellaceae.

Question 14

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are normally associated with ______.

A)skin
B)skin glands
C)mucous membranes
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Members of the genus Clostridium are spore-forming and aerobic.

Question 16

The photosynthetic pigments of Heliobacterium and Heliophilum

A)are in separate membrane structures attached to the plasma membrane.
B)are in separate membrane structures that are not attached to the plasma membrane.
C)are in the plasma membrane and not in separate structures.
D)are in separate structures and also in the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Desulfotomaculum are gram-positive,but stain gram-negative because their cell walls have a lower than normal concentration of peptidoglycan.

Question 18

Which of the following genera is photosynthetic using bacteriochlorophyll g?

A)Heliobacterium
B)Veillonella
C)Clostridium
D)Caryophanon

Question 19

Pyogenic streptococci usually produce ___________-hemolysis when cultured on blood agar.

Question 20

Recent studies have shown that some Clostridia species have peptidoglycan between an inner and outer membrane,and were therefore properly reclassed as Gram-negative because of their unrelatedness.

Question 21

When they ferment glucose,members of the genus Streptococcus produce lactic acid,but no gas.

Question 22

Which of the following genera produce numerous useful antibiotics?

A)Bacillus
B)Clostridium
C)Leuconostoc
D)Helicobacterium

Question 23

Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis,an important ______.

A)water-borne infection
B)insect-borne infection
C)air-borne infection
D)food-borne infection

Question 24

Leuconostoc species have the ability to grow in high concentrations of sugar,making them a major problem in sugar refineries during the production of heavy syrup.

Question 25

Lactobacillus grows optimally at __________ pH.

A)slightly acidic
B)neutral
C)slightly alkaline
D)very acidic

Question 26

Lactobacilli are alkalophilic,preferring conditions that are slightly alkaline for optimal growth.

Question 27

The Lancefield grouping system

A)depends on serological detection of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens.
B)is used to identify $\beta$ -hemolytic streptococci.
C)is based on a DNA fingerprinting assay specific for streptococci.
D)depends on serological detection of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens and is used to identify $\beta$ -hemolytic streptococci.

Question 28

Which of the following antibiotics are produced by members of the genus Bacillus?

A)Bacitracin
B)Gramicidin
C)Polymyxin
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Members of the genus Thermoactinomyces

A)produce spores on its hyphae.
B)are commonly found in damp haystacks and compost piles.
C)are thermophiles.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Many bacteria that were originally classified in the genus Streptococcus are now placed into two new genera,Enterococcus and Lactococcus.

Question 31

Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with _______.

A)endocarditis
B)abscesses
C)diarrhea
D)sinus infection

Question 32

Streptococcal pharyngitis,commonly called "strep throat," is caused by _______.

A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Streptococcus mutans
C)Streptococcus trachius
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 33

Staphylococcus aureus appears to be very adept at acquiring virulence and antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria.

Question 34

Members of the genus Bacillus are spore-forming,aerobic,and catalase positive.

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the groups of streptococci?

A)Pyogenic streptococci
B)Oral streptococci
C)Dermal streptococci
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true of the genus Lactobacillus?

A)They are used in the production of fermented vegetable foods,beverages,sour dough,hard cheeses,yogurt,and sausages.
B)They are responsible for spoilage of beer,milk,and meat.
C)Many species are pathogenic in humans and animals.
D)They do not produce endospores.

Question 37

Members of the genus Leuconostoc are important in the production of ______.

A)pickles
B)sauerkraut
C)cheese
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

The largest genus in the order Lactobacillales is _____________ with around 100 species.

A)Lactobacillus
B)Leuconostoc
C)Streptococcus
D)Listeria

Question 39

Which of the following is pyogenic (pus forming)?

A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Streptococcus mutans
C)Streptococcus fecaelis
D)Lactococcus lactis

Question 40

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food poisoning in the United States.

Question 41

The family Staphylococcaceae respire using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor,although some can reduce nitrate to nitrite.

Question 42

Terminal electron acceptors used by Desulfotomaculum include sulfate and sulfite,converted to hydrogen sulfide.

Question 43

The organisms that causes toxic shock syndrome is ______.

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Lactococcus lactis
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 44

Some species of Streptococcus,when grown on blood agar,produce an incomplete hemolysis with the formation of a greenish zone around the colony; this is referred to as ______.

A)alpha-hemolysis
B)beta-hemolysis
C)gamma-hemolysis
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following is associated with dental caries?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Streptococcus mutans
C)Enterococcus faecalis
D)Lactococcus lactis

Question 46

Members of the genus Lactobacillus

A)grow optimally under slightly alkaline conditions.
B)are normal flora of the human body in mouth,intestinal tract,and vagina.
C)are strict aerobes.
D)produce large amounts of H₂ as a byproduct of metabolism when growing on glucose.

Question 47

Bacillus species are facultative anaerobes that can use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor.

Question 48

Members of the genus Streptococcus carry out __________ fermentation.

A)butanediol
B)heterolactic
C)homolactic
D)mixed acid

Question 49

Species of Veillonella are always parasites of warm-blooded animals and are never found as part of the normal biota.

Question 50

Bacteria in the genus ________ are sulfate and sulfite reducers.

Question 51

It has been determined from several human disease samples that bacteria exist that are 16S rRNA sequenced to be Gram-positive,but morphologically double-membraned like Gram-negatives,therefore requiring a new class.

Question 52

Some species of Streptococcus,when grown on blood agar,produce a complete hemolysis with the formation of a clear zone around the colony; this is referred to as ______.

A)alpha-hemolysis
B)beta-hemolysis
C)gamma-hemolysis
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 53

Which of the following is used in the production of buttermilk and cheese?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Streptococcus mutans
C)Enterococcus faecalis
D)Lactococcus lactis

Question 54

Which of the following will grow in broth with 6.5% salt?

A)Streptococcus mutans
B)Enterococcus faecalis
C)Lactococcus lactis
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

Although Desulfotomaculum species stain Gram- bacteria and are correctly placed in the low G + C
Firmicutes.

Question 56

Which of the following is a normal skin resident?

A)Staphylococcus epidermidis
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Streptococcus mutans
D)Clostridium perfringens

Question 57

Endospore-forming Gram-positive bacteria are found primarily in ________ habitats.

A)soil
B)freshwater
C)marine
D)All of the choices are correct.