Deck 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby: In the New World

Question 1

A vacuum extraction tube

A) is an instrument used to perform episiotomies.
B) slows down the labor process.
C) is a curved instrument that fits around the fetus's head and allows for fetal extraction.
D) relies on suction to pull the fetus through the birth canal.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT occur just before the onset of labor?

A) Lightening or dropping
B) Mucus tissues from the cervix become dislodged
C) The placenta is expelled from the uterus
D) The placenta and uterus secret prostaglandins

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The second stage of childbirth

A) ends when the woman is ready to "push" during contractions.
B) ends with the birth of the fetus.
C) usually lasts only a few seconds.
D) ends when the placenta is delivered.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A woman is considered ready to deliver a fetus

A) when she begins having Braxton-Hicks contractions.
B) when the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 centimeters.
C) as soon as the amniotic sac has ruptured.
D) when she reaches stage 3 of childbirth.

Question 5

Brenda is in the second stage of labor.What is the BEST predictor of whether her doctor will perform an episiotomy?

A) The length of time Brenda has been in labor
B) Whether Brenda's baby is in distress
C) Whether the doctor usually performs an episiotomy
D) Whether or not Brenda has decided to use anesthesia

Question 6

A midwife tells her patient that the fetus has "crowned." What does this mean?

A) The fetus has turned and is now head down in the uterus
B) The fetus's head has started to emerge from the birth canal
C) The fetus is being born feet first
D) The fetus is positioned sideways in the uterus

Question 7

Lightening,or dropping,is the process during which

A) the placenta is expelled from the mother's body.
B) the fetus settles head down in the pelvis.
C) the fetus moves through the birth canal.
D) anesthesia is administered to the mother.

Question 8

What is known about episiotomy?

A) It is an essential part of the delivery process
B) It is more common with second and later pregnancies
C) It is controversial and rates have declined in the United States
D) It is never necessary and should never be used

Question 9

The fetus may signal the mother when it is ready to be born by

A) secreting hormones from its adrenal and pituitary glands.
B) releasing oxytocin from its brain.
C) secreting pitocin from its endocrine system.
D) The fetus does not signal the mother it is ready to be born

Question 10

A new mother wants to show her parents their new twin grandchildren.She says,"Come to the nursery to see the new babies!" She could have also used the word __________ to describe the newborns.

A) neonates
B) zygotes
C) fetuses
D) embryos

Question 11

When Amina is in the first stage of childbirth,her Obstetrician straps an electronic sensing device around her abdomen.What is this device for?

A) Measuring strength and duration of the mother's contractions as well a fetal heart rate
B) Monitoring the amount of prostaglandins in the mother
C) Measuring the amount of anesthesia in the mother
D) All of the above

Question 12

When is an episiotomy MOST likely to be performed?

A) During the second stage of the birthing process
B) If the fetal heartbeat drops for an extended period of time
C) When the infant is too large to be born without tearing
D) All of these conditions are likely to prompt an episiotomy

Question 13

If the birthing process has gone through "transition," what do we know?

A) The cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 centimeters
B) The woman is now entering the second stage of the birth process
C) The fetus is moving into the birth canal
D) All of these are accurate

Question 14

In his Child Development class,Alex learns that childbirth happens in ______stages.

A) one
B) three
C) four
D) six

Question 15

Isabelle is not sure if the sensation she is having is Braxton-Hicks contractions or actual labor contractions.Her obstetrician tells her that labor contractions are painful,regular,and

A) a sign that the fetus will be born within 6 hours.
B) a sign that a Cesarean-section will be necessary.
C) will become less intense as the labor process continues.
D) can be intensified by walking.

Question 16

What are "Braxton-Hicks" contractions?

A) Contractions that signal the beginning of the delivery process
B) False labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of pregnancy
C) Contractions that signal that the birth will be premature
D) Contractions the baby makes because of having the hiccups

Question 17

Which of the following is characteristic of the first stage of childbirth?

A) The fetus emerges from the birth canal
B) Effacement and dilation of the cervix
C) Braxton-Hicks contractions
D) Delivery of the placenta

Question 18

Neeta is in labor.Her doctors tell her that they will have to use either forceps or a vacuum extraction tube to help deliver her baby.Which situation calls for the use of such instruments?

A) Extremely strong contractions,which may harm the fetus
B) When contractions stop and can't be restarted by using oxytocin or pitocin
C) When the fetus is in distress
D) When the head of the fetus has crowned

Question 19

Contractions strong enough to expel the baby are caused by

A) the weight of the child.
B) the release of oxytocin from the mother's pituitary gland.
C) the secretion of hormones by the adrenal and pituitary glands of the fetus.
D) We do not know what causes strong labor contractions

Question 20

Bridgette is having contractions that are powerful,frequent,and regular.She will likely be advised by her health professional to go to a hospital or birthing center when the contractions are how far apart?

A) 20 to 30 seconds
B) 2 to 3 minutes
C) 4 to 5 minutes
D) 10 to 20 minutes

Question 21

Which of the following appears to be TRUE about the use of the Lamaze method?

A) It has no apparent impact on the birthing process
B) It is associated with the reporting of less pain during the delivery process
C) It completely eradicates pain during the birthing process
D) It is a method only used in the United States

Question 22

According to one recent study (Campbell et al.,2006),women who used doulas during their labor and deliveries

A) reported having less pain.
B) tended to have shorter labors.
C) tended to use less anesthesia.
D) had fewer breech births.

Question 23

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the long-term effects of medications given to the mother during delivery?

A) It is clear that they permanently damage the newborn
B) There is no compelling evidence that they impact the newborn negatively long-term
C) It is unclear how much they impact the newborn
D) The effects appear to depend upon the age of the mother

Question 24

While Maria's just-born baby is getting an identification bracelet,eye drops,and a vitamin K shot,what is going on in the third stage of childbirth for Maria?

A) She is being administered more anesthesia
B) The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled
C) She is being released from the hospital
D) Similar to her infant,Maria is also being given a vitamin K shot

Question 25

When the French obstetrician,Fernand Lamaze,visited Russia,he found that many Russian women _____________ to reduce pain during childbirth.

A) used general anesthesia
B) gave birth at home
C) walked around during the early stages of labor
D) used breathing and relaxation exercises

Question 26

Which of the following procedures happens at the end of the second stage of childbirth?

A) The baby is given an injection of Vitamin C
B) The umbilical cord is clamped and severed
C) The baby is held upside down and slapped on the buttocks
D) None of these is accurate

Question 27

When it comes to childbirth,what does the term "coach" mean?

A) Someone who is integrated into the birthing process with the mother
B) The term is only used if the biological father is present
C) The person who teaches the Lamaze classes
D) A medical assistant assigned to work with the mother-to-be during delivery

Question 28

Abby was given an injection into her spinal canal,which temporarily numbed her body below the waist.What type of anesthesia was Abby given?

A) Local anesthesia
B) General anesthesia
C) A tranquilizer
D) A barbiturate

Question 29

The Lamaze method involves

A) the mother being taught self-hypnosis,so there will be no pain during delivery.
B) the father being taught how to deliver the baby,should it become necessary.
C) expectant mothers being taught which pain medications to ask for during delivery.
D) the use of breathing and relaxation techniques during contractions.

Question 30

In the United States today,which of the following is TRUE of the use of drugs (anesthetics,narcotics,etc.)during childbirth?

A) They are rarely used
B) They are used less commonly today than 20 years ago
C) They cannot cross the placental membrane and affect the neonate
D) None of these is accurate

Question 31

Once the child is born,various procedures are performed on the infant,including foot printing,putting antibiotic ointment in the eyes to prevent infection,and giving the baby an injection of Vitamin K to

A) increase the heart rate.
B) enhance independent breathing.
C) help the blood clot properly if the newborn bleeds.
D) induce sleep.

Question 32

After considering all her options for childbirth,Lisa chooses the most common birthing method in the United States.What is it?

A) Delivery at a hospital
B) Use of a midwife at home
C) It depends upon the race and ethnic background of the mother
D) It depends upon the age of the mother

Question 33

To aid the newborn's breathing,

A) she is slapped on the buttocks.
B) she is held upside down to expel mucus.
C) suction is used to remove mucus from her mouth.
D) All of the above are typically used

Question 34

Hypnobirthing "puts the mother in charge" and encourages her to

A) use a coach.
B) focus on relaxing scenes and decrease muscle tension.
C) use a general anesthesia.
D) use a doula.

Question 35

A nonprofessional female companion,present during the birthing process to provide emotional support to the mother,is called

A) a doula.
B) a midwife.
C) a cesarean.
D) a Lamaze coach.

Question 36

Which of the following is TRUE about the use of anesthesia during delivery in the United States?

A) All women are required to use some form of anesthesia
B) The most common anesthetic used is Valium
C) Anesthetics are hardly ever used during delivery
D) Some anesthesia is used in most U.S.deliveries

Question 37

What psychological impact does support from a coach,mother,sibling,or friend have on the birthing process?

A) Research shows it has no psychological impact
B) It may make the woman feel that she is more in control of what is happening
C) It creates a hypnotic state that numbs the woman from experiencing pain
D) None of these are accurate

Question 38

Yi is about to have her first child.She lives in Los Angeles and has no relatives living in the United States.For assistance and emotional support during the birth of her first child,she decides to hire a nonprofessional woman known as a

A) lactation specialist.
B) doula.
C) birth expert.
D) prepared childbirth assistant.

Question 39

Hypnobirthing and Lamaze both focus on teaching the mother techniques of breathing and relaxation.However,the Lamaze method also incorporates the idea of

A) having a coach.
B) giving birth at home.
C) using a midwife.
D) going home from the hospital as quickly as possible after the baby is born.

Question 40

A neonate is lethargic and less active than would be expected.Which of the following may have occurred?

A) The mother experienced a shorter than normal labor
B) The mother was given a tranquilizer during delivery
C) The mother drank alcohol during pregnancy
D) The mother smoked during pregnancy

Question 41

If an HIV-infected mother wants to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to her baby,

A) she should elect for a Cesarean delivery.
B) she should elect for a vaginal delivery.
C) she should not use any anesthetics.
D) All of the above may reduce the risk

Question 42

Anoxia is most likely to be detected by

A) lack of fetal movement.
B) spikes in the mother's heartbeat.
C) changes in the mother's blood pressure.
D) fetal monitoring.

Question 43

Approximately 7% of children are born preterm or low in birth weight.However,among multiple births,such as in the case of having twins,the risk of having a preterm child rises to approximately

A) 10%.
B) 20%.
C) 50%.
D) 75%.

Question 44

Since 1996,the number of Cesarean births in the United States has increased from ______ to _____ in 2011

A) 5%; 23%
B) 10%; 23%
C) 21%; 33%
D) 33%; 49%

Question 45

The emerging baby receives oxygen through the umbilical cord.Temporary squeezing of the umbilical cord during the birth process __________,whereas prolonged constriction of the cord ___________.

A) may be fatal; is always fatal
B) causes early-onset schizophrenia; causes cerebral palsy
C) generally causes no problems; is associated with developmental problems
D) causes cerebral palsy; generally causes no problems

Question 46

Which of the following statements about a baby who is low in birth weight but full term is accurate?

A) It is possible that the mother smoked during pregnancy
B) The mother may not have received adequate prenatal nutrition
C) The infant would be referred to as "small for date"
D) All of these statements about a baby who is low in birth weight but full term are accurate

Question 47

Reasons to perform a C-section include small maternal pelvis,maternal weakness or fatigue,fetal distress,and

A) a baby who is unusually small.
B) a baby who is being born headfirst.
C) a baby who is too large.
D) maternal anxiety during the delivery process.

Question 48

The cognitive functioning and school achievement of ___________ with low birth weight appears to improve more rapidly than those of ______________ with low birth weight.

A) urban children; rural children
B) girls; boys
C) boys; girls
D) children born at home; children born in hospitals

Question 49

Rebecca is in labor with her first child.Her physician informs her it will be necessary to deliver the child via C-section.What does this mean?

A) The physician will cut through the abdomen and uterus and remove the baby
B) The baby will be delivered through the birth canal
C) The baby will be born using forceps
D) A C-section will not be performed,as this technique is never used on first-time mothers

Question 50

Eric and Susanne's baby was deprived of oxygen during the birth process.As a result,their baby may experience which types of problems?

A) Learning,memory,motor development,and spatial relations
B) A higher than normal number of childhood illnesses,such as colds and ear infections
C) PKU or Huntington's disease
D) Babies deprived of oxygen during the birth process develop similarly to babies not deprived of oxygen

Question 51

When is a baby considered to be low birth weight?

A) It depends upon the sex of the child
B) If it is less than 19 inches long
C) If it weighs less than 5½ pounds
D) If it weighs less than 3½ pounds

Question 52

The words anoxia and hypoxia

A) are interchangeable,
B) are different,with anoxia meaning no oxygen and hypoxia means under oxygen.
C) are different,with anoxia meaning under oxygen and hypoxia meaning no oxygen.
D) are different,with anoxia meaning without oxygen; hypoxia meaning without water.

Question 53

If a woman has a Cesarean-section to deliver her first child,what is the most likely mode of delivery for her second child?

A) Vaginal birth
B) Cesarean birth
C) It would depend upon the age of the mother
D) The mother would choose vaginal or Cesarean depending upon what she prefers

Question 54

Home births are becoming more common.Reasons to choose a home birth include making it a warm family experience,de-medicalizing the experience,and

A) compensating for lack of access to a nearby,high-quality hospital.
B) growing numbers of obstetricians more willing to come to women's homes to assist in delivery.
C) reducing maternity care costs.
D) avoiding having an episiotomy.

Question 55

Which of the following terms means "without oxygen?"

A) Toxemia
B) Anoxia
C) Plastemia
D) Hypoxia

Question 56

Cesarean-section was named after

A) Dr.Cesarean,the first physician to develop and use the procedure.
B) Mary Cesarean,the first woman to deliver a fetus using this method.
C) Julius Caesar,who was thought to have been delivered this way.
D) The word Cesarean,which means "cut."

Question 57

Much of the research investigating the effects of oxygen deprivation on the developing fetus has focused on the area of the brain known as the

A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) brain stem.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about the percentage of children born premature or low birth weight is accurate?

A) The incidence varies in ethnic and racial groups
B) Overall,the incidence is about 7%
C) It depends upon whether the mother is having multiple babies (such as twins)
D) All of these statements about prematurity and low birth weight are accurate

Question 59

A baby is considered premature

A) if birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation.
B) if the newborn weighs less than 5½ pounds.
C) if birth occurs at 40 weeks of gestation.
D) it depends upon whether this is the first birth for the mother.

Question 60

Prolonged oxygen deprivation is MOST likely

A) during a Cesarean delivery.
B) if the baby is in a breech position.
C) if fetal monitors are used.
D) All of these are known to cause prolonged oxygen deprivation

Question 61

What is the BEST parenting advice for parents with preterm infants?

A) Interact with them frequently
B) Be responsive and caring
C) Do not be overprotective
D) This is all good parenting advice

Question 62

Which of the following is responsible for a large percentage of U.S.neonatal deaths?

A) Respiratory distress syndrome
B) Anesthesias given to mothers during the birth process
C) The increased use of Cesarean-section as a delivery method
D) High maternal blood pressure during the delivery process

Question 63

Which of the following children is MOST likely to show the greatest cognitive deficits and developmental delays?

A) A baby born at or before 37 weeks of gestation
B) It depends upon maternal nutrition
C) A child weighing less than 3.3 pounds
D) It depends upon ethnicity

Question 64

Which of the following has been found to increase the cognitive and social development of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW)children?

A) Having older siblings in the home to socialize with
B) Eating a diet low in proteins such as milk,meat,eggs and nuts
C) Vigorous physical exercise and play
D) Attending preschool

Question 65

Preterm babies

A) tend to be held more by their mothers.
B) are less likely to be abused later in childhood.
C) tend to be more aggressive and sociable than full-term infants.
D) may invoke feelings of failure and guilt in their mothers.

Question 66

What has research shown about the effects of exposing preterm babies to stimulation such as massage and/or kangaroo care?

A) There is no known effect
B) The infants show weight gains and fewer respiratory problems
C) Their intellectual functioning matched full-term babies two years later
D) It appears to depend upon the sex of the baby

Question 67

In a research study by Jeng et al.,(2000),what percentage of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW)infants were walking by 18 months of age?

A) 50%
B) 89%
C) 100%
D) It depended upon the gender of the child

Question 68

The likelihood of maternal and infant mortality in any given country is associated with

A) the median income in the country.
B) how well the country empowers women,seen in such areas as education and political involvement.
C) whether a country has mandatory parenting classes.
D) whether a country offers free health care services.

Question 69

Why is there a tendency for parents to treat full-term infants better than preterm infants?

A) Because full-term infants cry more than preterm infants
B) Preterm infants tend to be less physically attractive and are more irritable
C) Preterm infants demand more interaction time than full-term infants
D) They do not treat full-term infants better; this is a myth

Question 70

Maggie and Ben's preterm baby has been diagnosed as having respiratory distress syndrome.Which of the following is TRUE regarding respiratory distress syndrome?

A) It is due to maternal exposure to teratogens during pregnancy
B) The baby's muscles may not be mature enough to sustain independent breathing
C) The air sacs in the baby's lungs are over-lubricated,which makes breathing difficult
D) It is due to anoxia during delivery

Question 71

What is lanugo?

A) A Latin term for prematurity
B) A white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns
C) A fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) A breathing problem in premature infants

Question 72

How should preterm babies be handled?

A) Current thinking is to handle them as little as possible
B) Preterm infants should not be handled for the first two weeks of life
C) Encouraging mothers to massage their preterm infants helps them cope with fear of hurting their infants and reduces feelings of helplessness
D) Research shows that how you handle preterm infants does not matter

Question 73

The degree of deficits and potential to overcome the deficits associated with prematurity

A) can be predicted with great accuracy.
B) appear to depend upon how premature the child was.
C) are greater for second and subsequent births than for first-born children.
D) are greater for boys than for girls.

Question 74

A preterm infant

A) may have a weak sucking reflex.
B) is likely to have a higher than normal body temperature.
C) is more likely to be a first child rather than a later-born child.
D) generally will show no deficits; it is just small.

Question 75

What is vernix?

A) A white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns
B) A Latin term for prematurity
C) A fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) A breathing problem in premature infants

Question 76

A Dutch study examined 1,338 individuals born at either a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or a weight of 3.3 lbs.or less.Results from this study indicate that at age 9-14,_____ of the group could be characterized as having a severe disability:

A) 0
B) 1%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 77

What does the research say regarding parental behavior towards preterm infants?

A) Parents tend to respond less sensitively and interact with them less
B) Parents tend to respond to them in a highly sensitive way and interact with them frequently
C) Parental behavior depends upon the sex of the child
D) There is no consistency in the research on this issue

Question 78

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A) A cluster of breathing problems likely to affect premature infants
B) A breathing disorder mothers sometimes develop during pregnancy
C) A breathing disorder likely to affect high-birth-weight infants
D) A breathing disorder that sometimes happens to infants during delivery

Question 79

In the study by Als et al.(2003),which of the following was/were related to advances in the motor and cognitive development of preterm infants as well as better parental adjustment?

A) Early discharge from the hospital
B) Individualized counseling to foster appreciation of the infant
C) Continuation of intravenous feeding at home
D) Mandatory parenting classes for the parents

Question 80

Injecting pregnant women at risk for delivering preterm babies with _________ increases the babies' chances for survival and lowers their risk of respiratory distress syndrome and severe lung disease.

A) Corticosteroids
B) Vitamin K
C) Folic acid
D) A local anesthetic