Deck 26: Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Question 1

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is FALSE?

A) The more solutes present in a cell,the better it functions.Homeostasis is used to make sure that all available solutes are pumped into cells.
B) The enzymes that run an organism have evolved to function best under certain conditions.Maintaining homeostasis allows enzymes to function optimally.
C) High temperatures can cause proteins to unfold.Maintaining a set temperature in an organism through homeostasis prevents this from happening.
D) Water dilutes solutes,making it difficult for reactants to get together and perform chemical reactions.Homeostasis ensures that the proper amount of water is retained within cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Individual cells that are deeply embedded in a large animal are surrounded by ________,which provides nutrients,delivers hormones,and carries away wastes.

A) a plasma membrane
B) interstitial fluid
C) blood plasma
D) a capillary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Negative feedback

A) stops a process before it reaches its set point.
B) determines what the set point of a process should be.
C) slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached.
D) prevents positive feedback.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A molecule of ammonia leaving a cell would first move into

A) a capillary.
B) the interstitial fluid.
C) the blood plasma.
D) a nephron.

Question 5

The distances between capillaries and cell surfaces near capillaries are

A) too great for only diffusion to transport materials quickly enough.
B) so small that materials can diffuse quickly enough to move materials as needed.
C) so small that materials sometimes diffuse in the wrong direction.
D) just large enough to make transport of materials happen only one way at a time.

Question 6

Analyze the tissue images below and select which statement is true.

A) Tissue 1 can be found lining the digestive tract.
B) Tissue 1 is used to line the endocrine system.
C) Tissue 2 is found attached to bones.
D) Tissue 3 is used to conduct nerve impulses.

Question 7

After about an hour of basking in the sun,the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37°C and it dives into the water to feed.In the water,its body temperature rapidly drops and it must return to the rocks to warm up.This is an example of

A) endothermic behavior.
B) positive feedback.
C) ectothermic conduction.
D) negative feedback.

Question 8

If you have ever breathed air out of your lungs onto a cold glass surface,you have seen the glass fog up from water contained in your breath.Which of the descriptions below describes the journey of that water from a cell in your body to your breath?

A) blood plasma to lungs to capillary to interstitial fluid across the plasma membrane to cell interior
B) cell interior across the plasma membrane to blood plasma to interstitial fluid to capillary to lungs
C) cell interior across the plasma membrane to capillary to interstitial fluid to blood plasma to lungs
D) cell interior across the plasma membrane to interstitial fluid to capillary to blood plasma to lungs

Question 9

As a cell takes up glucose from surrounding interstitial fluid,

A) glucose will begin to diffuse back out of the cell because the concentration will eventually exceed that of the interstitial fluid.
B) solutes in the blood plasma will also begin to take up glucose from the interstitial fluid.
C) glucose will diffuse from blood plasma into the interstitial fluid.
D) glucose will begin to diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid across capillary walls at the same rate.

Question 10

Which of the following is under voluntary control?

A) smooth muscle
B) skeletal muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) both smooth and skeletal muscle

Question 11

After viewing the image below,one should conclude that

A) the image is that of a tissue made of multiple organs.
B) the image is that of an organ made of multiple tissues.
C) cells are large and create large organs.
D) only one type of tissue can make up a specific organ.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about temperature regulation is FALSE?

A) All organisms maintain the same core temperature.
B) Some organisms maintain a constant core temperature even when the external environment changes.
C) Some organisms' core temperatures vary when the external environment varies.
D) Different organisms may have different core temperatures at which they do well.

Question 13

Since the fur color of many mammals darkens in the winter months,it can be concluded that this is an ________ that allows the mammals to ________ radiant energy.

A) adaptation;reflect
B) acclimation;absorb
C) adaptation;absorb
D) acclimation;reflect

Question 14

To maintain constant internal conditions,an animal

A) must produce more metabolic heat than it loses to its surroundings.
B) needs to take in more water than it loses to its surroundings.
C) needs to lose and gain equal amounts of heat and water but lose more solutes than it gains.
D) must gain and lose equal amounts of heat,solutes,and water.

Question 15

Blood is a connective tissue because it

A) is formed in the bone marrow.
B) is a carrier of nutrients,gases,and waste products from one organ to another.
C) contains white blood cells needed to protect the body from infection.
D) contains platelets that bridge one end of an injury to the other end of an injury.

Question 16

For a vertebrate animal to obtain and use energy,

A) the digestive system is used to break down oxygen to be stored in cells.
B) the circulatory system must provide carbon dioxide to cells.
C) the circulatory,respiratory,digestive,endocrine,and nervous systems are some systems involved.
D) only one organ system,the digestive system,is needed.

Question 17

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose.In type I diabetes,insulin-making cells of the pancreas are attacked and destroyed.The preceding information is an example of the

A) digestive,circulatory,and excretory systems affecting one another.
B) importance of the excretory system to remove wastes and other toxins.
C) importance of only one system needed to perform a function.
D) endocrine,digestive,circulatory,and immune systems affecting each other.

Question 18

The smallest branches of arteries and veins merge with each other in a fine network of tiny tubes called a

A) capillary bed.
B) cardiac bed.
C) circulatory bridge.
D) circulatory junction.

Question 19

Animal A has a surface area of 6 cm² and a volume of 1 cm³.Animal B has a surface area of 24 cm² and a volume of 8 cm³.If each animal were in the same environment,

A) animals A and B would gain and lose solutes at the same rate,but animal A would gain heat faster.
B) animal B would gain water faster than animal A,but animal A would lose solutes faster.
C) animal A would gain or lose heat,water,and solutes faster than animal B.
D) animal B would lose heat faster than animal A but gain water faster.

Question 20

A person getting chills or "goosebumps" when cold is part of a(n)

A) elevated response.
B) delayed response.
C) positive feedback loop.
D) negative feedback loop.

Question 21

Marine fish must use energy to maintain their body fluid balance,because

A) they live in a hypertonic environment and need to use energy to retain water.
B) they must get rid of the excess water that constantly moves into their interstitial fluid.
C) they must actively take up solutes from their surroundings.
D) their kidneys must reabsorb solutes from the external surroundings.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

A) filtration
B) urination
C) reabsorption
D) secretion

Question 23

The circulation of blood through the body eventually increases the rate of heat transfers from the skin's surface to the external environment by

A) evaporation.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) radiation.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed as the filtrate from the glomerulus moves through the nephron?

A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) water
D) creatinine

Question 25

The figure below illustrates how the nephron in a human kidney aids in the removal of toxic by-products of protein metabolism and assists in the regulation of internal water and solute concentrations.

In the region of the nephron labeled "tubule," sodium is

A) leaving the tubule by diffusion.
B) being pumped out of the tubule by active transport.
C) moving out of the tubule through osmosis.
D) exiting the tubule via secretion.

Question 26

To maintain homeostasis of its body fluids,a frog in fresh water would have to actively transport

A) salts out and excrete dilute urine.
B) salts in and excrete concentrated urine.
C) water out and excrete dilute urine.
D) salts in and excrete dilute urine.

Question 27

When a dog pants (breathes in and out rapidly through the mouth),evaporative cooling is enhanced by

A) conduction.
B) radiation.
C) convection.
D) metabolism.

Question 28

Which of the following compounds allows animals to lose the LEAST amount of water during the process of removing toxic waste?

A) ammonia in freshwater fish
B) ammonia in saltwater fish
C) urea in humans
D) uric acid in birds

Question 29

Which of the following would be the best way to avoid heatstroke on a very hot day?

A) apply chemicals to your skin that prevent you from sweating
B) wear dark-colored clothing to shield yourself from the sun
C) spray your body with water from a hose and then allow the water to evaporate
D) consume beverages that are very high in solutes

Question 30

Ammonia is produced by the metabolism of

A) fatty acids.
B) glucose.
C) proteins.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 31

Why do animals that live in cold climates have thick fur coats?

A) Fur reduces convection and traps a layer of air heated by conduction close to the skin,keeping the animals' bodies warmer.
B) Thicker fur allows animals to better blend in with the environment,providing protection from other animals.
C) Fur decreases the ratio of surface area to volume of animals so they do not lose as much heat.
D) Fur prevents the formation of ice crystals next to the skin of animals,which prevents cells from freezing and being damaged by ice.

Question 32

Examine the table below.

Based on the data in this table,which organism is most likely to be an osmoconformer? (Note that lobsters and flounders live in seawater and goldfish live in fresh water. )

A) lobster
B) flounder
C) goldfish
D) humans

Question 33

The physical movement of heat that results from the movement of air or water is known as

A) convection.
B) conduction.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

Question 34

Metabolic heat is NOT generated by

A) biochemical reactions.
B) contracting muscles.
C) digesting nutrients.
D) simple diffusion.

Question 35

An organism that generates enough metabolic heat to contribute in an important way to its heat gain is known as a(n)

A) ectotherm.
B) endotherm.
C) mesotherm.
D) basker.

Question 36

An iguana swimming in water colder than its body temperature

A) balances the loss through metabolism.
B) gains heat from the water by reverse conduction.
C) loses heat by conduction and convection.
D) retains heat by increasing its heart rate.

Question 37

Heatstroke results primarily from a loss of ________ cooling.

A) conductive
B) evaporative
C) radiative
D) convective

Question 38

A person whose hands are being warmed by holding a hot cup of tea is gaining heat by

A) convection.
B) conduction.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

Question 39

A breeze cools a hot,dry surface by

A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) radiation.
D) evaporation.

Question 40

Cooling by evaporation requires

A) radiation.
B) a dry surface.
C) a wet surface.
D) conduction.

Question 41

Most marine animals and all land animals are ________ because they maintain internal salt and water levels that are NOT the same as those of their surroundings.

Question 42

Animals can gain or lose heat by conduction and radiation,but the process of ________ only results in heat loss.

Question 43

An animal can lose heat by ________ even when the environmental temperature is greater than its internal temperature.

Question 44

As the filtrate moves through a nephron,

A) water is added to make a dilute urine.
B) solutes are combined with urea.
C) water and solutes are reabsorbed.
D) we get thirsty due to the salts that are taken back into the blood.

Question 45

One reason we get thirsty is that

A) our kidneys cannot reabsorb about a bathtub's volume of water each day.
B) blood flowing through the glomerulus loses all of its salts.
C) blood in capillaries moves directly into tubules.
D) some water is lost in the production of a dilute urine.

Question 46

Shivering and goose bumps are ways of producing ________.

Question 47

A turtle lying on a warm rock on a sunny day is gaining heat from the sun by radiation and heat from the rock by ________.

Question 48

In kidneys,the glomerulus is composed of a bed of ________.

Question 49

The process of regulating internal conditions so that they remain constant even when the physical environment does NOT match them is called ________.

Question 50

Medications can increase the risk of heat cramps and heat exhaustion because the medications

A) cause cells to increase metabolism and release more heat.
B) increase sweating.
C) decrease cellular metabolism.
D) interfere with negative feedback loops.

Question 51

Secretion and ________ take place in the U-shaped kidney tubule.

Question 52

During the day,camels allow their body temperatures to rise up to 40.5°C.As they rest on the cool desert sand at night,their temperatures drop back to normal as a result of ________ because the external temperature is below the camels' body temperatures.

Question 53

________ feedback keeps the internal environment in a constant state within a range of external conditions.

Question 54

Because the brain controls all body functions,the ________ and ________ systems are the only systems that communicate with all other body systems.

Question 55

In our kidneys,blood gets filtered in

A) the glomerulus.
B) the tubules.
C) capillaries surrounding the tubules.
D) the bladder.

Question 56

Ectotherms depend more on heat from their environment than on ________ heat from internal chemical reactions.

Question 57

An animal that does NOT maintain a relatively constant core temperature is a(n)________.

Question 58

The lack of water,otherwise known as ________,can lead to heatstroke.

Question 59

The interface between an organism and its environment,known as ________ tissue,regulates the amount of water,heat,and other substances that are exchanged with the external environment.

Question 60

The basic functioning unit of the kidney is the ________.

Question 61

Despite its large size,an elephant can conserve heat energy longer than a hummingbird.

Question 62

Kidneys conserve water but not solutes.

Question 63

Animals can gain,but not lose,heat by conduction.

Question 64

Conduction is a form of convection.

Question 65

The very young and the elderly are more at risk for heatstroke.

Question 66

Due to the vast amount of neurons,the nervous system is the largest organ system in the human body.

Question 67

Evaporation cools by radiation.

Question 68

Aerobic exercise generates body heat primarily due to muscle contractions.

Question 69

Heat can be gained or lost by radiation.

Question 70

Blood pH is relatively neutral in order to allow enzymes to function properly.

Question 71

In still air,sweating results in heat loss by convection.

Question 72

In order for the skin to provide protection,it is made of only one type of tissue.

Question 73

In a nephron the filtrate is derived from blood plasma.

Question 74

A large glass of ice water and a small glass of ice water are sitting on a table in the same room.The small glass of water would reach room temperature before the large glass of water.

Question 75

Having hundreds of different types of cells in the human body promotes efficiency of bodily processes.