Deck 6: Qualitative Research Methods

Question 1

Nonnumerical data is typically referred to as ______ data.

A) naturalized
B) narrative
C) deductive
D) visual

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is an approach to qualitative research?

A) summaries of literature
B) historical
C) result-oriented
D) community-oriented

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Qualitative research is a set of approaches that ______.

A) examines topics via statistics
B) simply examines existing information
C) uses nonnumerical, narrative data
D) uses numerical and nonnumerical data

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following describes the steps for conducting qualitative research?

A) They may use various methodologies.
B) They may occur out of order.
C) They must occur concurrently.
D) They protect nonhuman participants in studies.

Question 5

One of the main steps in the qualitative research process is to ______.

A) identify the phenomenon of interest
B) practice at the outset of the study
C) read literature reviews at the proposal stage
D) convert narrative data to numerical data

Question 6

The focus of qualitative research tends to be on the ______ of a particular activity.

A) simplicity
B) efficiency
C) quality
D) background

Question 7

The basic series of steps ______ across different types of quantitative or qualitative research.

A) varies in distinctiveness
B) remains consistent
C) is identical
D) is irrelevant

Question 8

The process of collecting data and then synthesizing it to produce generalizations is called ______.

A) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning
C) preductive reasoning
D) predictive reasoning

Question 9

Qualitative research is a set of approaches that use ______ data.

A) only numerical
B) both narrative and nonnumerical
C) only nonnumerical
D) both numerical and narrative

Question 10

One feature of qualitative research is that ______.

A) it is descriptive
B) it is deductive
C) it is numerical
D) it is objective

Question 11

Qualitative research methods intentionally emphasize ______.

A) codes and regulations of research
B) the variables and methodology
C) information about studies
D) variation and customization

Question 12

Qualitative researchers analyze data ______.

A) one time
B) inductively
C) using computerized means
D) rigidly

Question 13

The steps for conducting qualitative research are ______.

A) sequential
B) distinct
C) linear
D) sometimes overlapping

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?

A) Qualitative research is descriptive.
B) Qualitative researchers analyze their data deductively.
C) Qualitative researchers are concerned primarily with product.
D) Qualitative research is artificial.

Question 15

According to Bogdan and Biklen (2007), there are ______ features or characteristics of qualitative research.

A) 10
B) 2
C) 20
D) 5

Question 16

Ideally, what should qualitative researchers be able to do?

A) conduct the study quickly
B) hire someone to conduct the review of literature
C) understand and use holistic description
D) be skilled in statistical analysis

Question 17

Examples of qualitative data include ______.

A) intangible sources
B) records
C) ideas
D) numerical data

Question 18

Qualitative researchers are concerned with ______ as well as ______.

A) cohesiveness; studies
B) researching in conjunction with high schools; colleges
C) the number of research studies; multiplied results
D) process; product

Question 19

Which is true of both qualitative and quantitative research?

A) They are both "scientific" in particular ways.
B) They both employ numerical data.
C) They both employ narrative.
D) They both are experiments.

Question 20

Qualitative strategies of inquiry do not include ______.

A) correlational studies
B) observational studies
C) ethnographies
D) interviews

Question 21

A typical sample size for a ______ study is about ______ individuals.

A) ethnographic; 100-200
B) grounded theory; 100-200
C) case; 5-25
D) phenomenological; 5-25

Question 22

A(n) ______ involves the experiences of a person's life but is told by the individual who is the subject of the study.

A) autobiographical study
B) biographical study
C) authentic study
D) generic story

Question 23

______ occurs when data are collected and then synthesized to produce generalizations.

A) Predata analysis
B) Postdata analysis
C) Inductive reasoning
D) Deductive reasoning

Question 24

The goal of grounded theory is to begin ______.

A) with a particular educational phenomenon in mind and permit those aspects that are relevant to the phenomenon to emerge during the study
B) with a theory and then set out to collect data that will support the components of that theory
C) with numerical data that need to be analyzed
D) with an existing need related to real and tangible inequality in the educational setting

Question 25

Narrative research focuses on the process of studying one or two individuals through the collection of their own stories as the data and reporting them in ______ fashion.

A) intermittent
B) chronological
C) historical
D) reverse chronological

Question 26

How a particular activity might be ______ is typically a focus of quantitative research.

A) evaluated
B) manipulated
C) shortened
D) edited

Question 27

A ______ is defined as providing thick, rich details to describe a phenomenon or topic of interest.

A) summary
B) synopsis
C) proliferation
D) holistic description

Question 28

Which of the following type(s) of data would not be used in a purely qualitative research study?

A) observational notes
B) a comparison of college student GPAs
C) interview transcripts
D) existing documents and records

Question 29

Which of the following describes case study research?

A) It is focused on a unit of study, or a bounded system.
B) It easily establishes generalizability.
C) It involves only qualitative data.
D) It is the most effective qualitative method.

Question 30

The purpose of ______ is to describe events, occurrences, or settings of the past in an attempt to better understand them; learn from past failures and successes; and see if they might apply to present-day problems and issues.

A) narrative research
B) ethnographic research
C) historical research
D) grounded theory research

Question 31

The purpose of ______ is to discover an existing theory or generate a new theory--resulting directly from the data--that broadly and conceptually explains a process, action, or interaction related to a substantive topic.

A) narrative research
B) ethnographic research
C) historical research
D) grounded theory research

Question 32

Which of the following is not a qualitative research approach?

A) ethnographic research
B) narrative research
C) grounded theory research
D) causal-comparative research

Question 33

______ theories are not generated or stated prior to a study but, rather, are developed inductively from the data that are collected and analyzed during the study.

A) Novel
B) Process
C) Product
D) Inductive

Question 34

A ______ portrays an individual's entire life.

A) personal history
B) biographical history
C) life history
D) oral history

Question 35

Which of the following is a key facet of ethnographic research?

A) The researcher must gain a better understanding of a specific event.
B) The researcher must understand one person in great depth.
C) The data must be derived from field notes or journals.
D) The group being studied must share a common culture.

Question 36

A historical researcher might rely on all of the following except ______.

A) numerical records
B) nonnumerical records
C) journals
D) observational data

Question 37

The intent of ______ studies is to describe and interpret the experiences or reactions of participants to a particular phenomenon from their individual experiences.

A) ethnographic
B) grounded theory
C) phenomenological
D) correlational

Question 38

______ involves an in-depth description and interpretation of the shared or common practices and beliefs of a culture, social group, or other community.

A) Narrative research
B) Ethnographic research
C) Historical research
D) Grounded theory research

Question 39

A ______ is a form of narrative research where the researcher writes and records the experiences of another person's life.

A) autobiographical study
B) biographical study
C) life history
D) oral history

Question 40

The purpose of ______ is to convey experiences as they are expressed in the lived and told stories of individuals.

A) narrative research
B) ethnographic research
C) historical research
D) grounded theory research

Question 41

In qualitative studies, the initial topic is typically quite broad in scope and likely will be narrowed during the study.

Question 42

A ______ does not participate in the activities of the group.

A) participant observer
B) privileged observer
C) prepared observer
D) secondary observer

Question 43

Most educational researchers would agree that educational problems are best investigated using qualitative methods.

Question 44

The primary goal of qualitative research is to convey research trends.

Question 45

______ refers to when research findings are interpreted with reference to the particular group, setting, or event being observed.

A) A theoretical lens
B) A viewpoint
C) Contextualization
D) Specification

Question 46

Qualitative research is superior to quantitative research.

Question 47

Qualitative research does not incorporate the use of numerical data.

Question 48

Ethnographic research is designed to understand one person or situation in great depth.

Question 49

Group members who can provide better quality information and insights for the researcher are called ______.

A) participant observers
B) privileged observers
C) key informants
D) group leaders

Question 50

The duration of ethnographic research must be at least one full month.

Question 51

One of the most distinguishing features of qualitative research is that it occurs in a natural setting.

Question 52

Both the accuracy of the information and the truthfulness of the author must be evaluated as part of the process of collecting and analyzing data when conducting ethnographic research.

Question 53

Ethnographic research topics are typically quite limited in scope.

Question 54

Case studies may include both qualitative and quantitative data.

Question 55

A biographical study is a type of narrative research where the researcher records the experiences of his or her own life.

Question 56

In qualitative research, participants are selected randomly, not purposefully as they are in quantitative studies.

Question 57

Qualitative approaches to research are often adapted in numerous ways.

Question 58

Each approach to qualitative research has a purpose and a focus.

Question 59

It is recommended that we analyze ethnographic data with total objectivity.

Question 60

______ is a guiding perspective or ideology.

A) A theoretical lens
B) Contextualization
C) A viewpoint
D) Idealization

Question 61

Discuss the strengths of narrative research.

Question 62

Discuss the strengths of ethnographic research.

Question 63

Discuss how data for a phenomenological study are typically collected and why it is one of the more difficult types of qualitative research to conduct.

Question 64

Explain the differences among the commonly used qualitative research designs.

Question 65

Discuss the weaknesses of ethnographic research.

Question 66

Discuss why grounded theory is "grounded" in (i.e., why it is called grounded theory) and when a researcher would use grounded theory.

Question 67

Narrative research constitutes a lengthy process.

Question 68

How is qualitative research descriptive?

Question 69

Discuss the three characteristics of narrative research used to distinguish the types from each other. Provide examples of types of narrative research to support your answer.

Question 70

Bogdan and Biklen (2007) have described essential features or characteristics of qualitative research that are stated in the text. Provide at least three of these features/characteristics.

Question 71

Discuss the weaknesses of narrative research.

Question 72

Explain how qualitative researchers follow steps for conducting studies.

Question 73

Discuss why ethnography, essentially a descriptive approach, is placed in a category of its own.

Question 74

Describe the components that differentiate qualitative research from quantitative research.

Question 75

Explain the type of reasoning qualitative researchers use and why it is appropriate.