Deck 5: Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Question 1

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell is

A) mostly polysaccharides.
B) also called the cell wall.
C) composed of many diverse proteins.
D) a protective mechanism against osmotic lysis.
E) the site where many metabolic reactions occur.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A) microtubules
B) active proteins
C) cilia
D) endoflagella
E) filaments

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria is widely accepted as an explanation for the development of chloroplasts.The presence of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria provided a cell with the advantage of ______.

A) tolerance to oxygen
B) photosynthesis
C) an electron transport chain
D) simple, rapid gene transfer
E) a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals.These fungi are called ______.

A) mutualistic
B) saprobes
C) free-living
D) parasites
E) antagonists

Question 5

A saprobe differs from a parasite in that

A) a saprobe has the ability to undergo meiosis to produce sexual spores, but a parasite can only perform mitosis to produce asexual spores.
B) a saprobe derives nutrients from dead plants and animals, but a parasite derives nutrients from living plants and animals.
C) a saprobe has a pseudohyphae morphology, but a parasite has true hyphae.
D) a saprobe is a fungus, but a parasite is a protozoan.

Question 6

The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of ______.

A) eukaryotes
B) prokaryotes
C) viruses
D) bacteria
E) archaea

Question 7

Select that statement that reflects evidence that directly supports the endosymbiotic theory.

A) The electron transport system is located in the cell membrane in bacteria, while in eukaryotes it is located in the mitochondrial cristae.
B) Enzymes for photosynthesis are found embedded in membranes of the Golgi apparatus.
C) Lysosomes contain their own DNA in the form of plasmids.
D) Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.

Question 8

Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular ______.

A) commensalism
B) parasitism
C) symbiosis
D) mutualism

Question 9

As part of their reproductive cycle,helminths produce egg and sperm cells.Both of these eukaryotic cell types have an outer surface composed of polysaccharides known as the ______.

A) cell wall
B) microtubule
C) cell membrane
D) cyst
E) glycocalyx

Question 10

Protists include ______.

A) yeasts and molds
B) algae and protozoa
C) helminths
D) viruses
E) bacteria

Question 11

In the condition called athlete's foot,the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair,nails,and dead skin.Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton?

A) Eukaryote
B) Parasite
C) Saprobe
D) Heterotroph

Question 12

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) All saprobes are heterotrophic, but only some are parasitic.
B) All heterotrophs are fungi, and include both parasites and saprobes.
C) All heterotrophs are parasites, but only some are saprobes.
D) All fungi, whether parasite or saprobe, are heterotrophs.

Question 13

Cilia are exhibited by certain ______.

A) fungi
B) protozoa
C) algae
D) viruses
E) bacteria

Question 14

The endosymbiotic theory says that precursor eukaryotic cells acquired cilia by endosymbiosis with a(n)_____ ancestor and others gained photosynthetic ability from endosymbiosis with a(n)_____ ancestor.

A) archaeal, cyanobacterial
B) protozoan, algal
C) spiral, cyanobacterial
D) helminth, algal

Question 15

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)Protozoa; unicellular
B)Algae; multicellular
C)Fungi; multicellular
D)Protozoa; multicellular
E)Helminths; multicellular
F)Fungi; unicellular

Question 16

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella

A) facilitate chemotaxis.
B) are used for cell motility.
C) are long, whip-like structures.
D) contain microtubules.
E) facilitate phototaxis.

Question 17

You are observing an organism under the microscope,and it is clearly multicellular with no cell walls.Your prediction is that this organism is a(n)______.

A) alga
B) fungus
C) helminth
D) protozoan
E) bacterium

Question 18

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacterial cells?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

You are observing an organism under the microscope and you note that it has a cell wall,no chloroplasts,and a nucleus.Your prediction would be that this organism is a(n)______.

A) alga
B) protozoan
C) bacterium
D) fungus
E) virus

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

A) Protection
B) Reception of chemical signals
C) Adherence
D) Movement

Question 21

The cell walls of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall.

Question 22

The cell membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes are quite similar,differing only in

A) the presence of phospholipids.
B) being selectively permeable.
C) the ability to transport wastes out of the cell.
D) the presence of sterols.
E) the presence of proteins in the bilayer.

Question 23

Chromosomes are generally not visible by light microscopy unless the cell is undergoing nuclear division.

Question 24

Which of the following organisms has a cell wall?

A) Candida albicans
B) Entamoeba histolytica
C) Enterobius vermicularis
D) Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 25

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ______.

A) helminths
B) protozoa
C) algae
D) fungi
E) bacteria

Question 26

Chloroplasts are composed of membranous sacs called ______ that carry chlorophyll.Surrounding these sacs is a ground substance called ______.

A) thylakoids; stroma
B) grana; stroma
C) cristae; matrix
D) cristae; stroma
E) thylakoid; matrix

Question 27

In eukaryotic cells,which of the following organelles contain DNA?

A) Nucleus, nucleolus, and Golgi apparatus
B) Nucleus, chloroplast, and peroxisome
C) Nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus
D) Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus
E) Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion

Question 28

The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ______.

A) histones
B) pores
C) chromatin
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) inclusions

Question 29

Cell walls are not typically possessed by ______.

A) algae
B) protozoa
C) fungi
D) bacteria

Question 30

The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.

Question 31

The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of ______.

A) sterols
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) sterols, proteins, and phospholipids
E) sterols and phospholipids only

Question 32

Pfiesteria is a(n)______ that produces a toxin harmful to humans.

A) endospore
B) protozoan
C) helminth
D) fungus
E) alga

Question 33

The nuclear envelope is a single lipid layer.

Question 34

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) nucleus
C) ribosome
D) lysosome
E) nucleolus

Question 35

The plasma cells of the immune system are responsible for secreting protein antibodies into the bloodstream.Within the plasma cell,the antibody moves through several organelles in what order?

A) Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome
B) Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles
C) Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, vesicles
D) Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles
E) Ribosomes, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

Question 36

All algae have chloroplasts.

Question 37

Which organelle is found in algae but not in protozoa or fungi?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Chloroplasts
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Lysosomes

Question 38

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis,the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible,thread-like mass called ______.

A) nucleoplasm
B) the nuclear envelope
C) chromatin
D) the nucleolus
E) the nucleosome

Question 39

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

Question 40

Histones are

A) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B) found in polyribosomes.
C) enzymes found in lysosomes.
D) proteins of the cytoskeleton.
E) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.

Question 41

When fungal buds remain attached in a row following cell division,the resulting chains of yeast cells are called ______.

A) mycelia
B) pseudohyphae
C) molds
D) dimorphic
E) septa

Question 42

Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 43

An organelle that is a stack of flattened,membranous sacs and functions to receive,modify,and package proteins for secretion is the ______.

A) mitochondrion
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) chloroplast
D) Golgi apparatus
E) lysosome

Question 44

Mitochondria possess all of the following except ______.

A) cristae
B) 70S ribosomes
C) enzymes for photosynthesis
D) electron carriers
E) metabolic enzymes

Question 45

The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______.

A) 40S
B) 70S
C) 50S
D) 80S
E) 30S

Question 46

The long,thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.

A) pseudohyphae
B) asci
C) conidiophores
D) septa
E) hyphae

Question 47

Fungi that grow as yeasts at one temperature but as molds at another temperature are called ______.

A) pseudohyphae
B) spores
C) dimorphic
D) parasites
E) saprobes

Question 48

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Chloroplast
E) Lysosome

Question 49

Fungal asexual spores

A) produce offspring with different combinations of genes from the parent.
B) cannot be seen using a light microscope.
C) are produced when nutrients are limiting.
D) are the products of meiotic division by a single parent cell.
E) are used to identify fungi.

Question 50

The series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ______.

A) chloroplasts
B) Golgi apparatus
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) lysosomes

Question 51

Choose the correct order of the three main types of cytoskeletal elements in increasing order of size.

A) Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, flagella
B) Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
C) Microtubules, flagella, cilia
D) Microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments
E) Microtubules, cilia, flagella

Question 52

The vesicle that originates from the Golgi apparatus and contains a variety of digestive enzymes is the ______.

A) ribosome
B) magnetosome
C) centrosome
D) lysosome
E) inclusion

Question 53

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A) Heterotrophic nutrition
B) Photosynthetic
C) Include single-cell and filamentous forms
D) Presence of cell walls

Question 54

The cytoskeleton

A) anchors organelles.
B) provides architectural support.
C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm.
D) helps maintain cell shape.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the ______.

A) lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) ribosome
D) nucleus
E) mitochondrion

Question 56

Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

Question 57

All fungi can form hyphae.

Question 58

In eukaryotic cells,ribosomes have two locations.They are scattered in the ______ and on the surface of ______.

A) nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleus; Golgi apparatus
C) cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
D) cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum

Question 59

The intertwined mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of a mold is a ______.

A) rhizoid
B) bud
C) stock
D) mycelium
E) stem

Question 60

The drug cytochalasin targets actin filaments in the cytoskeleton,preventing them from forming.Treatment of a cell with cytochalasin would result in its inability to ______.

A) form cellular extensions
B) transport substances within the cell
C) form the nuclear envelope structure
D) prevent mutations in its chromosome

Question 61

Protozoan cells do not exhibit ______.

A) motility
B) a cell wall
C) heterotrophic nutrition
D) cyst formation
E) ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question 62

Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.

Question 63

All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants or animals.

Question 64

In producing beer and wine,humans have exploited the microbial ability to ferment sugar to alcohol.The microbes responsible for this process are ______.

A) algae
B) bacteria
C) protozoans
D) fungi

Question 65

Protozoa are classified into four groups based on ______.

A) their pathogenicity
B) how they move
C) their required nutrients
D) the resistance properties of their cysts

Question 66

Which pair is mismatched?

A) Histoplasma - causes Ohio Valley fever
B) Giardia - transmitted by feces in drinking water
C) Trichomonas - sexually transmitted
D) Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness
E) Plasmodium - causes Chagas disease

Question 67

Plankton are floating communities of helminths.

Question 68

A protozoan having a flagellum would be classified in the genus ______.

A) Entamoeba
B) Toxoplasma
C) Trypanosoma
D) Enterobius
E) Plasmodium

Question 69

Fungi reproduce sexually less frequently than asexually.What might be the reason behind this infrequency of sexual reproduction?

A) Sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together.
B) Sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction.
C) In asexual reproduction, one parent divides.
D) All statements are true.

Question 70

A specimen from a patient suffering diarrhea shows a one-celled organism in the microscope.The organism moves very slowly by protruding its cytoplasm.You would predict that the patient has an infection caused by ______.

A) Entamoeba
B) Toxoplasma
C) Plasmodium
D) Trichomonas
E) Giardia

Question 71

Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.

Question 72

During unfavorable growth conditions,many protozoa can convert to a resistant,dormant stage called a(n)______.

A) seed
B) trophozoite
C) endospore
D) cyst
E) sporozoa

Question 73

A protozoan cyst differs from a helminth egg in that

A) a cyst is metabolically active, but an egg is not.
B) cysts have a uniform structure, but eggs have a wide variety of morphologies.
C) the cyst can germinate to form the organism but the egg must be fertilized.
D) the chromosome is free in the cytoplasm of a cyst, but enclosed in a nucleus in an egg.

Question 74

Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through

A) contaminated blood products.
B) insect bites.
C) puncture wounds.
D) the fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water.
E) direct transmission from one host to another.

Question 75

Protozoan cysts are

A) analogous to bacterial endospores.
B) part of all protozoan life cycles.
C) the primary form of replication.
D) necessary for transmission to a new host.
E) are produced by binary fission.

Question 76

A group of protozoa that are not motile are the ______.

A) Plasmodium sp.
B) ciliates
C) amoebas
D) dimorphics
E) trophozoites

Question 77

The motile,feeding stage of protozoa is called the ______.

A) oocyst
B) cyst
C) sporozoite
D) food vacuole
E) trophozoite

Question 78

In humans,fungi can only infect the skin.

Question 79

Protozoan endoplasm contains ______.

A) cilia
B) oral grooves
C) ectoplasm
D) flagella
E) mitochondria

Question 80

There are no algae that can cause human disease.