Deck 4: Becoming Parents

Question 1

The most common change having a baby brings to both mothers and fathers is __________.

Answer 1

tiredness/lack of sleep

Question 2

In Sweden,individuals conceived by donor sperm or donor eggs have the right at age 18 to __________ and __________ if they wish.

Answer 2

identifying information of the donor; contact with the donor

Question 3

PGD stands for _________________________________,the procedure in which ____________________________________________________.

Answer 3

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis; the procedure of taking one cell from the eight-cell embryo and testing it for genetic diseases and implanting only those embryos with no known genetic diseases.

Question 4

Although the vast majority of women have children by the time they are in the age bracket 40 to 44,__________ percentage are childless.

Question 5

Parents who have traditional beliefs about sharing work responsibilities at home experience difficulties after babies are born.

Question 6

Many pathways have replaced the traditional pathway to parenthood because (give 3 reasons)_______________________________________________________.

Question 7

Women are encouraged to eat a high-fiber,low-fat diet to prevent neural tube and brain defects beginning __________.

Question 8

Young women who have children early often view children as a __________ resource.

Question 9

About one-third of parents who have a baby when unmarried will marry by the time the child is two years old.

Question 10

When fathers take an active role in childcare,both parents report their marriage is more satisfying.

Question 11

Children who were actively unwanted were found to have problems during the ages of __________.

Question 12

There are several levels of assisted conception,and initial assistance usually takes the form of ________________________________________.

Question 13

Women of __________ ethnic background are more likely to be voluntarily childless and women of _________________ ethnic background are less likely to be voluntarily childless.

Question 14

The American Fertility Society recommends parents tell children about __________.

Question 15

Studying co-parenting in a middle-class families,James McHale found almost all parents reported good relationships with their own parents.

Question 16

Research with teen mothers has identified an important quality for parenthood: __________.

Question 17

If a medication is safe for the mother during pregnancy,it is safe for the growing fetus.

Question 18

Father's increasing age at conception leads to higher risks of having children with (give 3)______________________________________________.

Question 19

In a large telephone survey of women 25 to 50,__________ percentage of women reported they experienced infertility,but 92 percent eventually conceived.

Question 20

Christoph Heinicke identifies three psychological qualities of parents that provide an optimal parenting environment: __________,_____________,and __________.

Question 21

A positive marital relationship that helps parents in the transition to parenting includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) keeping what bothers you to yourself.
B) focusing on what is good about the relationship.
C) talking about how you feel about things.
D) agreeing on tasks.

Question 22

Even though pregnant low-income mothers reported they had a support system,they still experienced a high level of stress.

Question 23

Parents who were having difficulties in their marriages were able to form positive co-parenting relationships when they

A) made their own decisions about caregiving and carried them out.
B) argued with the other parent until one person finally agreed with the other.
C) coordinated their own caregiving with the feelings and desires of the other parent.
D) withdrew from caregiving activities.

Question 24

During pregnancy,parents think about the kind of parent they want to be,the kind of life they want their child to have,and Ellen Galinsky calls this the fantasy stage.

Question 25

Mothers with unintended pregnancies are more likely to seek prenatal care in the first three months because they are concerned they are pregnant.

Question 26

Because men do not have the biological connection to the child that pregnancy and nursing provide for women,they

A) are more distant and quicker to feel left out.
B) compensate and do more caregiving after birth than mothers.
C) need more time to form a strong attachment with the baby.
D) A and C

Question 27

Older mothers are disadvantaged in terms of age and ability to be patient and understanding with children.

Question 28

Mothers and fathers who feel support from each other

A) often resent the baby for coming between them.
B) are competent and effective parents.
C) give so much to each other, they have little left to give the baby.
D) A and C

Question 29

Expectant parents who felt rejected by their own parents,were able to anticipate positive relationships with their own babies when they

A) came to a broader understanding of their parents.
B) pushed thoughts of their parents out of their minds.
C) continued to think about what went wrong in those relationships so they could correct that.
D) dismissed the importance of their relationships with their parents.

Question 30

In one study,all expectant parents were a little anxious about the birth,but those parents who were having significant problems were those who,

A)who had problems with their own parents.
B)were working long hours.
C)were having difficulties in their marriages.
D)A and C.

Question 31

Women in their early twenties who have many personal and social resources.

A) are quick to have children as soon as they complete two years of education beyond high school.
B) postpone families.
C) are uninterested in spending time in personal relationships.
D) are less likely to rate their relationships as happy than those who marry early.

Question 32

Mothers who bore unwanted children were more likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

A) more prone to depression.
B) less likely to spend time with the child.
C) less likely to spank the child.
D) more likely to have difficulties with them in young adulthood.

Question 33

Research indicates that pregnant women are buffered against physiological stress and there is no need for extra protections for them.

Question 34

Parents are most satisfied after the baby's birth when their sex role attitudes match their actual responsibilities.

Question 35

Carolyn Cowan and Philip Cowan who have run many groups for parents in the transition to parenting urge that fathers be included in all parenting programs.

Question 36

Mothers' pregnancy worries and heightened stress in the last trimester of pregnancy are related to babies' accelerated cognitive growth.

Question 37

First-time expectant parents discuss with each other and plan how they will parent the new baby,where he or she will sleep,how long to let the child cry.

Question 38

Contributions to parents' adjustment to parenthood include all of the following EXCEPT

A) parents identify which parent is the source of any problem.
B) parents communicate verbally and nonverbally.
C) parents agree on role arrangements.
D) parents avoid negative criticism.

Question 39

All of the following are qualities of an optimal parenting environment EXCEPT

A) feelings of self-esteem.
B) feelings of distance.
C) capacity for mutual relationships.
D) flexible problem-solving skills.

Question 40

A father's feelings about the pregnancy

A) preoccupy him during the pregnancy.
B) have little to do with his behavior after the birth.
C) influence father's involvement in care of the baby after the birth.
D) are frequently not strong.

Question 41

Teen mothers' knowledge of their children and their realistic expectations of children predicted children's

A) social competence in the school-age years.
B) tight bond with mothers at age 5.
C) active participants in household routines.
D) A and C

Question 42

Full term infants who received KC for one hour with mothers after birth were found to do all of the following for the next few hours EXCEPT

A) have fewer organized motor movements.
B) sleep better.
C) cry less.
D) show greater regulation.

Question 43

The most common pathway of development for women between 18 and 23 is

A) education, marriage, and children.
B) cohabiting and having a child.
C) work, marriage, and child.
D) education with transition to work.

Question 44

The concept of cognitive readiness for parenthood includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) knowledge of children's growth.
B) realistic expectations of children.
C) positive attitude about parenting.
D) previous experience with children.

Question 45

Women who,at birth,were unwanted by their mothers were,as adults,all of the following EXCEPT

A) more likely to be single.
B) less likely to have parenting problems.
C) more likely to be unemployed.
D) more likely to be divorced.

Question 46

Single fathers who want to rear the child the mother wishes to give up for adoption

A) often have only a narrow window of time to make their intentions known.
B) register at state registries that are hard to locate and are little publicized.
C) may have no rights outside the county or state where the baby was born.
D) all of these.

Question 47

Married women who planned their pregnancy,in contrast to married women who did not plan their pregnancy,report

A) more positive moods during pregnancy.
B) fewer fears at birth.
C) fewer dissatisfactions with their husbands.
D) A and C

Question 48

Recent hospital interventions in the care of premature babies have been found to have all of the following benefits at three months of age EXCEPT

A) decreases in mothers' sensitivities to their infants.
B) increases in affectionate touching between parents.
C) decrease in infants' irritability.
D) increases in fathers' touching of their infants.

Question 49

When mothers experienced extreme stress during pregnancy,as mothers did in the Canadian ice storm,their children were

A) more likely to be of low-birth weight.
B) more likely to have poor language and cognitive skills at age 2.
C) more likely to show slight cognitive deficits at age 10.
D) All of the above

Question 50

The transition to parenthood is less difficult when husband and wife share work based on

A) a traditional ideology.
B) an egalitarian ideology.
C) a similar ideology.
D) a dissimilar ideology.

Question 51

Carolyn Cowan and Philip Cowan have carried out parenting groups with all kinds of parents making the transition to parenting.Briefly state their three recommendations to parents to ease the transition to parenthood and their three recommendations to parent educators for successful programs.

Question 52

Centering Pregnancy is a form of obstetric care to reduce stress and involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) two-hour group appointments.
B) no physical measures or lab tests are done.
C) midwife or doctor give short presentation on a topic.
D) questions and discussion follow.

Question 53

Dimensions underlying a successful transition to parenthood include

A) having no expectations about what having a baby brings.
B) having communication skills.
C) an insistence on what one thinks is important.
D) A and C

Question 54

List at least five of Michael Lu's Ten Steps to Stress Resilience and give three reasons why these are important steps to take.

Question 55

Based on her interviews and review of research,Annie Murphy Paul made several recommendations for protecting the health and well-being of developing baby,mother and father.Briefly describe five of her recommendations and state why they are important.

Question 56

Describe three ways a baby can be a social resource for the young women who bear them.

Question 57

Young women between 18 and 23 who have children alone or with married or unmarried partners are those who

A) are goal-oriented and get what they want.
B) have many resources to call on as they need them.
C) were ambivalent about having children.
D) have fewer resources and plans.

Question 58

Describe three findings from James McHale's study of forming co-parenting alliances during pregnancy.

Question 59

Parents with premature babies born before thirty weeks

A) feel little stress because of all the biological advances.
B) are advised to remain emotionally detached until they know whether the child will survive.
C) are advised to take as much care of their children in the hospital as possible.
D) have no role in the child's care until the child comes home.