Deck 2: Mendels Principles of Heredity

Question 1

What does the pattern of inheritance in this pedigree indicate about the disease allele?

A)The disease allele is recessive
B)The disease allele is dominant
C)There is no indication that the disease allele is either dominant or recessive
D)The disease allele is not inherited but only arises by a new mutation in those individuals that are affected.

Answer 1

The disease allele is recessive

Question 2

The reason that the HD allele acts as a dominant allele is

A)The mutant HD allele suppress protein production from the normal HD allele
B)The HD mutation results in a protein that can damage nerve cells even in the presence of the normal protein
C)The normal HD allele does not normally produce a protein but the mutant HD allele does
D)The protein produced from the mutant HD allele is non-functional

Answer 2

The HD mutation results in a protein that can damage nerve cells even in the presence of the normal protein

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross AAbb * aaBB, what proportion of the F₂ offspring is expected to be homozygotic for at least one gene?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are homozygotes.
E)None are homozygotes.

Answer 3

3/4

Question 4

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait in humans.In a cross between a father who has sickle cell anemia and a mother who is heterozygous for the gene, what is the probability that their first three children will have the normal phenotype?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)none
D)1/8
E)1/16 will be albino

Question 5

In a monohybrid cross AA * aa, what proportion of homozygotes is expected among the F₂ offspring?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are homozygotes.
E)None are homozygotes.

Question 6

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

A)Genes of different chromosomes randomly assort into different gametes
B)Alleles for one gene randomly assort into different gametes
C)Dominant alleles for one gene must assort into the same gamete as the dominant alleles for another gene
D)Dominant alleles for one gene must assort into the same gamete as the recessive alleles for another gene

Question 7

What is the outcome of breeding two plants each pure bred and each having an antagonistic trait?

A)Only one of the traits will be seen in the progeny
B)Both traits will be seen in the progeny
C)Both traits will be seen in the progeny in a 3:1 ratio
D)Only one trait will be seen and it will be the trait of the female

Question 8

Which of the following probabilites is correct regarding a mating of an Ss/RR individual to an individual who is Ss/Rr (a - indicates the the second allele is either dominant or recessive)

A)S-/RR: 12.5%
B)Homozygous recessive: 10%
C)Heterozygous both alleles: 50%
D)ss/R- : 15.5%

Question 9

What was the importance of Mendel performing reciprocal crosses?

A)To be able to breed plants all year round
B)To obtain enough plants to perform the experiments that Mendel wanted, which would not have been sufficient without performing reciprocal crosses
C)To disprove a hypothesis at the time the experiments were performed that stated the ovum carried all the information for progeny
D)To demonstrate that the inheritance of a trait was not dependent on which parent carried the trait

Question 10

If an individual has 10 gene pairs, how many different gametes can be formed if three of the gene pairs are homozygous and the remaining seven gene pairs are heterozygous?

A)49
B)100
C)128
D)1024
E)131,072

Question 11

Among the dihybrid crosses below, which will produce a 1:1 phenotypic ratio?

A)AABB * aabb
B)AaBb * AaBb
C)AaBb * aabb
D)AaBB * aaBB
E)AAbb * aaBB

Question 12

Assume that in guinea pigs, dark brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b).If you mate a black guinea pig with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what proportion of the progeny will be homozygous?

A)none
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)3/4
E)all

Question 13

If an Ss* Ss mating is performed and the progeny have the following phenotypic ratios S- (- indicates that the other allele is unknown) 3 and ss 1 it would indicate that

A)The S allele is dominant to the s allele
B)Neither allele is dominant
C)The s allele is dominant to the S allele
D)Cannot determine the relationship between the alleles based on the information given

Question 14

The mutations found in the CF gene that result in cystic fibrosis are recessive because

A)Normal or near normal cellular function can occur from the protein produced by the normal allele
B)The CF mutations that occur result in no protein being produced
C)CF mutations only result in a protein that has normal function if there is also a normal CF protein in the cell.
D)CF is fatal and if the alleles that caused CF were dominant it would not be inherited.

Question 15

What is the difference between cross and self fertilization?

A)In cross-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes of another plant
B)In cross-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes from the same plant
C)In self-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes from another plant
D)In cross-fertilization insects are used to pollinate the plants while in self-fertilization the investigator pollinates the plants

Question 16

Suppose that in plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (s) and tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t).A tall plant with smooth seeds was backcrossed to a parent that was short and wrinkled.What proportion of the progeny is expected to be homozygous for short and wrinkled?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/8
D)1/16
E)0

Question 17

An allele that expresses its phenotype even when heterozygous with a recessive allele is termed

A)recessive.
B)recombinant.
C)dominant.
D)parental.
E)independent.

Question 18

In the dihybrid cross AaBb *aabb, what proportion of individuals are expected to be homozygotic for both genes in the F₁ generation?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are homozygotes.
E)None are homozygotes.

Question 19

In some genetically engineered corn plants the dominant gene Bt produces a protein that is lethal to certain flying insect pests that eat the corn plants.If the corn plant is heterozygous for Bt, what proportion of the pollen would carry the dominant gene?

A)all pollen
B)1/2
C)1/3
D)1/4
E)1/8

Question 20

Assume that in guinea pigs, dark brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b).If you mate a homozygous black guinea pig with a heterozygous brown guinea pig, what proportion of the progeny will be black?

A)none
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)3/4
E)all

Question 21

A rare recessive trait in a pedigree is indicated by which pattern of inheritance?

A)vertical
B)horizontal
C)diagonal
D)both vertical and horizontal
E)None of these is correct.

Question 22

The actual alleles present in an individual make up the individual's

A)recombinant types.
B)zygote.
C)dominant allele.
D)allele.
E)genotype.

Question 23

An alternative form of a single gene is known as

A)parental.
B)dihybrid.
C)reciprocal.
D)allele.
E)recessive.

Question 24

A phenotype reflecting a new combination of genes occurring during gamete formation is called

A)a recombinant type.
B)an independent assortment.
C)heterozygous.
D)homozygous.
E)a multihybrid cross.

Question 25

A)Unaffected male
B)Unaffected female
C)Mating
D)Affected male
E)Affected female

Question 26

Among the dihybrid crosses below, which will give a 1:1:1:1 ratio?

A)AABB * aabb
B)AaBb * AaBb
C)AaBb * aabb
D)AaBB * aaBB
E)AAbb * aaBB

Question 27

A)Unaffected male
B)Unaffected female
C)Mating
D)Affected male
E)Affected female

Question 28

In the dihybrid cross AaBb * aabb, what proportion of heterozygotes for both gene pairs is expected among the F₁ offspring?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are heterozygotes.
E)None are heterozygotes.

Question 29

What type of cross is performed to determine the genotype of an individual?

A)testcross
B)dihybrid
C)monohybrid
D)backcross
E)controlled

Question 30

The diploid cell formed by the fertilization of the egg by the sperm during sexual reproduction is a

A)reciprocal.
B)zygote.
C)dihybrid.
D)gamete.
E)monohybrid.

Question 31

In a dihybrid cross AABB *aabb, what proportion of heterozygotes for both gene pairs is expected among the F₂ offspring?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are heterozygotes.
E)None are heterozygotes.

Question 32

A)Unaffected male
B)Unaffected female
C)Mating
D)Affected male
E)Affected female

Question 33

Suppose that in plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (s) and tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t).A tall plant with smooth seeds was backcrossed to a parent that was short and wrinkled.What proportion of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous for tall and smooth?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/8
D)1/16
E)0

Question 34

The first offspring from the parents are called

A)P.
B)F_1.
C)F_2.
D)testcross.
E)backcross.

Question 35

In a monohybrid cross AA * aa, what proportion of heterozygotes is expected among the F₂ offspring?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)3/4
D)All are heterozygotes.
E)None are heterozygotes.

Question 36

What is the term for cross(es) between parents that differ in only one trait.

A)Self-fertilization
B)Cross fertilize
C)Monohybrid crosses
D)Artificial selection
E)Reciprocal crosses

Question 37

A)Unaffected male
B)Unaffected female
C)Mating
D)Affected male
E)Affected female

Question 38

The dominant trait, Huntington disease causes severe neural/brain damage at approximately age 40.A female whose mother has Huntington disease marries a male whose parents are normal.It is not known if the female has the disease.What is the probability that their firstborn will inherit the gene that causes Huntington disease?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%
E)0%

Question 39

Identify the mode of inheritance of the trait.

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Either dominant or recessive
D)Cannot be determined

Question 40

If the parents of a family already have two boys, what is the probability that the next two offspring will be girls?

A)1
B)1/2
C)1/3
D)1/4
E)1/8

Question 41

How was the approach taken by Mendel similar to the approaches taken by modern scientific inquiry?

A)Mendel repeated his rexperiments
B)Mendel only manipulated a single variable.
C)Mendel used the same technical methods are are used today.
D)Mendel's experiments challenged several hypotheses that were favored at the time.

Question 42

If individuals 4 and 7 have a child, what is the probability that the child will exhibit the trait?

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)1/3
D)2/3
E)0

Question 43

What is/are the possible genotype(s) of person 3?

A)AA
B)Aa
C)Either AA or Aa
D)aa
E)Cannot be determined

Question 44

What is/are the possible genotype(s) of person 1?

A)AA
B)Aa
C)Either AA or Aa
D)aa
E)Cannot be determined

Question 45

If individuals 1 and 4 have a child together, what is the probability that the child will exhibit the disease?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 46

If individuals 2 and 3 have a child together, what is the probability that the child will exhibit the disease?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 47

If a plant homozygous for liguleless and green leaves is crossed to one homozygous for non-green with ligules, predict the proportion of F₂ progeny with the genotype Llgg.

A)1/16
B)1/8
C)1/4
D)1/2
E)Cannot be determined

Question 48

What is/are the possible genotype(s) of person 4?

A)AA
B)Aa
C)Either AA or Aa
D)aa
E)Cannot be determined

Question 49

Based on this pedigree, what is the most likely mode of inheritance?

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Either dominant or recessive
D)Cannot be determined

Question 50

If a plant homozygous for liguleless and green leaves is crossed to one homozygous for non-green with ligules, predict the phenotypes and genotypes of the F₁.

A)LLGG, green and ligules
B)LlGG, green and ligules
C)LlGg, green and ligules
D)llgg, non-green and liguleless
E)Llgg, green and liguleless

Question 51

What is/are the possible genotype(s) of person 2?

A)AA
B)Aa
C)Either AA or Aa
D)aa
E)Cannot be determined

Question 52

If a testcross is performed with a plant heterozygous for ligules and green leaves, what proportion of the progeny would be green and liguleless?

A)1/16
B)1/8
C)1/4
D)1/2
E)Cannot be determined