Deck 20: Summary and Future Directions

Question 1

One modern view on the unconscious is that

A)there is no empirical support for the notion of an unconscious mind as there has been little support for most of Freud's other theories.
B)it is an automatic information processing mechanism that can influence conscious awareness.
C)the unconscious is irrelevant as it can be shown to hold inaccurate or false memories.
D)Freud's view of a motivated unconscious based on sexual and aggressive energy is still the dominant perspective in the intrapsychic domain.

Answer 1

it is an automatic information processing mechanism that can influence conscious awareness.

Question 2

Much current research in the intrapsychic domain addresses

A)the oedipal complex.
B)libido.
C)thanatos.
D)repression.

Answer 2

repression.

Question 3

An understanding of the totality of human personality

A)will never be possible because human personality is much too complex to completely understand.
B)can be accomplished by gaining and integrating knowledge about its many parts.
C)has been accomplished by modern personality psychologists using the latest personality research methods.
D)cannot be accomplished by modern personality psychology in the foreseeable future of the science.

Answer 3

can be accomplished by gaining and integrating knowledge about its many parts.

Question 4

The domain of personality most concerned with unconscious motivation is the _____ domain

A)intrapsychic
B)dispositional
C)biological
D)cognitive/experiential

Question 5

Research has found that _____ percent of the variation in most of the major personality traits can be attributed to genetic variations.

A)10-20
B)20-50
C)60 to 80
D)100

Question 6

Which of the following topics do the authors of your text believe will be a focus of much of the future research in the biological domain of personality?

A)Approach and avoidance relationships
B)The number of basic personality dispositions
C)The genetic bases of human personality
D)The molecular level of genetic analysis

Question 7

Researchers working in which of the following domains are most interested in stable characteristics that make people different from one another?

A)Adjustment
B)Dispositional
C)Social and cultural
D)Cognitive/experiential

Question 8

Future research on genetics and behavior is likely to lead to new discoveries in all of these areas EXCEPT

A)the identification of specific genes that contribute to explaining the genetic variance in behavioral dimensions and disorders.
B)how our genetic makeup contributes to physiological features like eye color or height.
C)genetics researchers studying the effects of shared and non-shared family environments.
D)genes will be found that synthesize specific neurotransmitters that will be related to specific personality traits.

Question 9

Recent experimental demonstrations of false memories are

A)indicating that patterns of memories are inconsistent over time.
B)a long way from the issue of repressed or false childhood memories of traumatic events.
C)showing that there are higher instances of childhood sexual abuse then previously believed.
D)questioning the id's responsibility for repressed and false memories.

Question 10

Further research using the lexical approach is

A)unnecessary.
B)likely to find new traits related to sociability.
C)likely to find new traits related to sexuality or sex differences.
D)likely to find new traits related to agreeableness.

Question 11

Current research in personality psychology focuses mostly on

A)grand theories of personality.
B)the cognitive/experiential domain.
C)the biological domain.
D)specific components of personality.

Question 12

The goal of personality psychology is to understand

A)differences between people.
B)how people behave across different cultures.
C)how people are similar to one another.
D)the whole of personality.

Question 13

Research in modern personality psychology from the perspective of the intrapsychic domain

A)does not believe there is such a thing as an unconscious.
B)does not study the unconscious.
C)uses many innovative methods to study the unconscious, such as priming and subliminal exposure.
D)believes the unconscious is a cognitive byproduct.

Question 14

To gain an understanding of the complete picture of human personality researchers must

A)all work together to gain an understanding of the human nature level of human behavior.
B)be systematic in their approaches, use diverse methods and approaches of study, and communicate clearly with other researchers working in various areas of personality psychology.
C)build upon the foundation of the knowledge developed by researchers investigating the intrapsychic domain.
D)continue to work in even narrower specialty areas within personality psychology.

Question 15

All of the following are questions personality psychologists that study the dispositional domain will continue to ask in the future EXCEPT

A)How many new personality traits exist?
B)How will future advancements in measurement theory affect the study of personality dispositions?
C)How do personality traits interact with situations to produce behaviors?
D)Are the major personality traits of human personality moderately heritable?

Question 16

The metaphor most commonly used within the cognitive/experiential domain to describe human information processing is a

A)telephone switching box.
B)computer.
C)blank slate.
D)suitcase.

Question 17

The authors of your textbook believe that in the future evolutionary psychology will

A)supplant the other domains of personality as the dominant force in personality psychology.
B)continue to gain in importance, but will not supplant other perspectives.
C)replace the cognitive domain by basing mental functioning on a variety of psychological mechanisms.
D)provide a layer of insight into human nature for discovering a universal set of personality dispositions.

Question 18

Researchers investigating personality from the evolutionary perspective will most likely find _____ in the future.

A)a few basic adaptations
B)a set of new adaptive problems
C)a few basic traits
D)many more psychological mechanisms than we are now aware of

Question 19

This approach to personality dispositions suggests that each person has a distinct psychological signature in terms of the specific ______ relationships between traits and dispositions.

A)temporal
B)if-then
C)cause-effect
D)yin-yang

Question 20

Proponents of the evolutionary perspective on personality will continue to ask which of the following basic questions?

A)"What are the basic traits of personality?"
B)"What is the adaptive function of each psychological mechanism?"
C)"Are there sex differences in every domain of personality?"
D)"How close have evolutionary adaptations come to perfection?"

Question 21

Researchers working in which of the following domains are especially interested in how people influence the environment, and how the environment influences personality?

A)Intrapsychic
B)Social and cultural
C)Biological
D)Cognitive/experiential

Question 22

The most exciting work in personality psychology in the new millennium will be based on the

A)work of many personality researchers working on their own in narrow slices of the domains they have specialized in over time.
B)convergence of teams of researchers across different domains using methods that span multiple levels of analysis.
C)syntheses of all personality psychology under a common framework based on evolutionary psychology.
D)foundation of biological determinism using the results of the human genome project as the basis for studying human personality.

Question 23

Research on the relationship between personality and health will likely NOT benefit in the future from

A)studies of positive emotions.
B)longitudinal studies.
C)studies of unconscious goals.
D)studies of heart disease.

Question 24

The study of gender most often takes place in the _____ domain.

A)intrapsychic
B)dispositional
C)social and cultural
D)cognitive/experiential

Question 25

Relationships between personality characteristics and health are addressed in the _____ domain.

A)adjustment
B)dispositional
C)social and cultural
D)cognitive/experiential

Question 26

The following are all concepts subsumed by the cognitive-experiential domain EXCEPT

A)emotions.
B)dispositions.
C)goals.
D)information processing.

Question 27

The _____ domain is most concerned with understanding subjective experiences.

A)intrapsychic
B)dispositional
C)biological
D)cognitive/experiential

Question 28

Which of the following concepts is studied by researchers examining the social and cultural domain of personality?

A)Individualism/Collectivism
B)Psychopathology
C)Pleasantness/Unpleasantness
D)Introversion/Extraversion

Question 29

The fact that our world is becoming "smaller" demonstrates the importance of the _____ domain.

A)intrapsychic
B)social and cultural
C)biological
D)cognitive/experiential