Deck 15: Personality and Social Interaction

Question 1

Correlations between a person's preferences ratings for personality characteristics in a mate and ratings of the mate's personality characteristics measured across different sources of data are

A)weakly positive.
B)moderately positive.
C)weakly negative.
D)close to zero.

Answer 1

moderately positive.

Question 2

The social and cultural domain of knowledge emphasizes the effects of _____ on an individual's behavior more than other approaches emphasize those factors.

A)internal factors
B)external factors
C)unconscious factors
D)conscious factors

Answer 2

external factors

Question 3

Intentionally influencing other people's behavior is known as

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.

Answer 3

manipulation.

Question 4

When a person's behavior unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person, we observe

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)Provocation.

Question 5

People who are married to someone who has personality characteristics close to their ratings of their preferred partner are

A)much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.
B)slightly much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.
C)less satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.
D)no different from other people in terms of satisfaction.

Question 6

Investigators have found evidence for assortative mating

A)only for physical characteristics (height, weight, etc.).
B)only for psychological characteristics (attitudes, beliefs, personality traits).
C)in a few selected variables important in the area of evolutionary psychology.
D)for almost every variable that has been investigated.

Question 7

A boy who persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrates the concept of

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways discussed in the text that illustrate how personality interacts with situations?

A)Evocation
B)Satisfaction
C)Selection
D)Manipulation

Question 9

Which of the following names the theory that states that individuals select individuals with characteristics similar to their own for marriage partners?

A)Long-term mating
B)Mirror image mating
C)Assortative mating
D)Matching hypothesis

Question 10

Samantha places an on-line personal ad.In her ad she writes that she is very outgoing, conscientious, and open to experience.She states that she wants the same characteristics in potential mate.Her ad supports the _____ hypothesis of mate selection.

A)assortative mating
B)complimentary needs
C)wishful thinking
D)self deception

Question 11

The complimentary needs theory states that individuals select mates

A)with personality characteristics that differ from theirs.
B)who fulfill their needs for being complimented and flattered.
C)with personality characteristics similar to their own.
D)who have characteristics that are related to marital satisfaction.

Question 12

People who are married to someone who scores high on all of these personality traits EXCEPT _____ tend to be more satisfied in their relationships than individuals whose spouse score low on this trait.

A)agreeableness
B)extraversion
C)emotional stability
D)openness to experience

Question 13

Francis, a miserable cook, is looking for a spouse who is a wonderful cook.Francis' preference for someone who cooks would support the _____ hypothesis on human mating.

A)Assortative mating
B)Complimentary needs
C)Wishful thinking
D)Self-deception

Question 14

In 1997, Botwin, Buss, and Shackelford found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that

A)made up for deficits in their own personality traits.
B)were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait.
C)were similar to their own personality traits.
D)matched their opposite sex parent's personality traits.

Question 15

According to international research, the characteristic most desirable in a mate is

A)extraversion.
B)mutual attraction or love.
C)openness.
D)agreeableness.

Question 16

According to the assortative mating hypothesis, individuals who score high on extraversion scales will prefer potential mates who score high on

A)neuroticism.
B)agreeableness.
C)extraversion
D)extraversion.

Question 17

People consider personality traits most when they _____ friends.

A)manipulate
B)evoke
C)select
D)argue with

Question 18

When the correlations between an individual's mate preferences for personality traits and the scores for their partner's personality traits are examined

A)there is no evidence that an individual's preferences for a mate are related to their own personality traits.
B)there is modest evidence to support the idea that an individual's preferences for a mate are related to their partner's personality traits.
C)there is an extremely strong correspondence between an individual's trait preferences and the trait ratings of their partner's personality.
D)correlations between an individual's preferences for personality traits match their partner's scores for preferences for personality traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is most important to most people in choosing a mate?

A)Political ideology
B)Personality characteristics
C)Health
D)Good looks

Question 20

If a person is treated nicely because she is a friendly person the mechanism of _____ may be operating.

A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.

Question 21

The finding that partners in a relationship who are dissimilar in personality are more likely to break up supports the

A)violation of desire theory.
B)assortative mating hypothesis.
C)complimentary needs hypothesis.
D)attraction similarity theory

Question 22

Evocation is NOT demonstrated in which of the following situations?

A)When a person acts in a way that causes an emotional response in another person.
B)When a husband's actions cause a wife to behave in ways that anger her husband.
C)When a wife nags her husband to get something accomplished.
D)When a charismatic person walks into a room and a dull party becomes enjoyable.

Question 23

Individuals scoring high on sensation-seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that

A)are characterized by higher risk sexual behavior.
B)involve unusual psychological experiments on topics such as drugs or sex.
C)consists of a series of highly repetitive tasks.
D)frequently involve attending parties were alcohol or drugs are available.

Question 24

In terms of personality, the best predictor of divorce is

A)low levels of emotional stability.
B)high levels of emotional stability.
C)high levels of openness.
D)low levels of openness.

Question 25

According to the "violation of desire" theory, people are most likely to break up with mates

A)with whom they are no longer romantically infatuated after a period of time in the relationship.
B)who violate the person's desire to reach their level of optimal reproductively success.
C)who lack widely sought personality characteristics in a mate, such as dependability, emotional stability, or pleasing disposition.
D)who discover, over time, that their partner no longer meets their complimentary needs.

Question 26

Buss, Block, and Block found that highly active children elicited behaviors to bring them under control by their parents and teachers.This finding is an example of the mechanism of person-environment mechanism of

A)manipulation.
B)evocation.
C)exasperation.
D)provocation.

Question 27

Husband who score low on _____ tend to evoke anger from their wives by being condescending, failing to spend time with them, neglecting them, and ignoring their feelings.

A)extraversion
B)agreeableness
C)openness
D)conscientiousness

Question 28

Individuals who are highly agreeable tend to evoke _____ than individuals with lower agreeableness scores.

A)much more love from their spouses
B)far less interpersonal conflict
C)longer conversations with peers
D)more upper limit control

Question 29

Women who are married to men who score high on openness rate their

A)husbands as sources of stimulating conversation compared to other women's view of their husbands.
B)husbands as being sources of encouragement and support.
C)husbands as being someone in whom they can confide.
D)love and affection expressed with their husbands as being high.

Question 30

The tendency to feel tense, anxious, or worried during social interactions, or even when anticipating a social interaction, is known as

A)openness.
B)emotional stability.
C)expectation confirmation.
D)shyness.

Question 31

The finding that aggressive people interpret ambiguous situations as hostile demonstrates the

A)evocative imperative.
B)paranoid externalization bias.
C)hostile attribution bias.
D)fundamental situation error.

Question 32

In terms of health issues, shy women _____ when compared to non-shy women.

A)are more likely to see a gynecologist.
B)are less likely to see a gynecologist.
C)are more likely to insist on contraception before having sex.
D)avoid potentially dangerous sexual situations.

Question 33

Shy people engage in all of the following behaviors more than less shy people EXCEPT they

A)take fewer risks.
B)avoid other people.
C)are more likely to get divorced.
D)create socially isolating situations.

Question 34

Husbands who score low on conscientiousness tend to evoke anger from their wives by

A)having extramarital affairs.
B)drinking too much.
C)being abusive.
D)withholding sex.

Question 35

Aggressive people tend to evoke _____ from others.

A)hostility
B)submission
C)understanding
D)praise

Question 36

Low levels of which of the following personality traits are NOT correlated with a higher likelihood of a divorce or breakup in a relationship?

A)Agreeableness
B)Emotional stability
C)Conscientiousness
D)Openness

Question 37

People who are married to someone who has high trait ratings for agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction

A)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for emotional instability.
B)if their spouse also has low trait ratings for intellect-openness.
C)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for surgency.
D)no matter what other personality traits their spouse has.

Question 38

As they walk down the hallway, Bob accidentally bumps into Chuck, a well-known neighborhood bully.Chuck immediately becomes aggressive, demanding that Bob tell him what he meant to do when he bumped into him.Chuck's behavior demonstrates the _____ attributional bias.

A)fundamental
B)hostile
C)externalization
D)aggressive

Question 39

People who score _____ tend to evoke the most anger from their spouses.

A)low on agreeableness
B)high on agreeableness
C)low on conscientiousness
D)high on conscientiousness

Question 40

The following are all examples of how personality traits guide the selection of situations EXCEPT individuals scoring high on

A)sensation-seeking scales avoid risky situations.
B)psychoticism scales choose volatile and spontaneous situations.
C)Machiavellianism scales prefer face-to-face situations.
D)emphases scales are likely to volunteer for community activities.

Question 41

A study showed that when people had to interact with a person who they expected to be a hostile person they

A)were more hostile toward the person.
B)were more accommodating towards the person.
C)acted more agreeable towards the person.
D)acted more neurotic towards the person.

Question 42

Telling someone that "everyone else is doing it" is an example of the _____ manipulation tactic.

A)hardball
B)social comparison
C)charm
D)self-abasement

Question 43

The taxonomy of manipulation tactics described in the text was developed with

A)a two-step procedure: nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts.
B)observer reports based on lengthy questionnaires.
C)physiological measures.
D)behavioral tests.

Question 44

Research on the differential-use manipulation tactics by men and women has found that

A)women are more likely to use the self-abasement tactic.
B)men are more likely to use the hardball tactic.
C)women are more likely to use the reason tactic.
D)men and women use different tactics about the same amount.

Question 45

Machiavellian strategies work best

A)in structured situations.
B)in unstructured situations.
C)when they are used by trusting people.
D)when they are used on untrusting people.

Question 46

Which of the following statements would a person scoring high on Machiavellianism agree with?

A)Honesty is the best policy.
B)Most people are generally good and kind.
C)It is wise to flatter important people.
D)Cooperation is the best strategy.

Question 47

The phenomenon of expectancy confirmations are also known as

A)evocative corroborations.
B)self-fulfilling prophesies.
C)behavioral substantiations.
D)likelihood verifications

Question 48

Showing someone how fun an activity will be is an example of the _____ manipulation tactic.

A)pleasure induction
B)hardball
C)silent treatment
D)self-abasement

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of regression?

A)Not talking to someone until they do what you want.
B)Bribing someone.
C)Whining.
D)Acting submissive.

Question 50

You have heard that Dean X has a reputation for being very arrogant and condescending to students.One day your professor sends you to see the Dean to discuss an important educational issue.You are quite apprehensive when you enter the Dean's office and act very nervous and anxious.Since Dean X does not suffer fools, he snaps at you, thus confirming the _____ that you evoked.

A)self-fulfilling corroborations
B)expectancy confirmations
C)behavioral verifications
D)likelihood substantiations

Question 51

A _____ is a classification scheme based on the categorization of things into groups.

A)circumplex
B)hierarchy
C)assortment
D)taxonomy

Question 52

Noccolo Machiavelli was a 16^th century Italian

A)prince.
B)cardinal.
C)diplomat.
D)inventor.

Question 53

People who score high on Machiavellianism are more likely to pursue a

A)tit-for-tat strategy.
B)short-term social strategy.
C)long-term social strategy.
D)a reciprocal strategy

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of the hardball manipulation tactic?

A)Bribing someone.
B)Acting in a loving way.
C)Whining.
D)Hitting someone.

Question 55

The manipulation tactic of _____ might involve yelling at someone.

A)coercion
B)reason
C)charm
D)responsibility invocation

Question 56

A study by Wilson et al.showed that people who scored high in Machiavellianism were

A)more likely prefer highly structured situations.
B)less likely to steal money.
C)more likely to lie about stealing money.
D)scrupulously honest in financial transactions.

Question 57

Workers who score low on Machiavellianism make more money

A)in companies where there are many rules.
B)in companies where there are few rules.
C)in companies that frequently evaluate performance.
D)compared to people who score high.

Question 58

_____ is the deliberate, manipulative style of behavior that uses other individuals for personal gain.

A)Dictatorialism
B)Machiavellianism
C)Zoroasterism
D)Rastafarianism

Question 59

People who are being manipulated by another person are

A)affected by the person doing the manipulating.
B)always harmed by the manipulation.
C)less likely to use manipulation themselves.
D)likely to attempt a retaliatory manipulation

Question 60

The only tactic of manipulation with a mean difference between men and women was found to be

A)a monetary reward.
B)the silent treatment.
C)regression.
D)coercion.

Question 61

People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____ most.

A)reason
B)social comparison
C)regression
D)silent treatment

Question 62

Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly positive view of herself.Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of

A)extraversion.
B)narcissism.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)manipulation.

Question 63

Narcissists who are very self-aggrandizing tend to evoke reactions of _____ from other people.

A)anger
B)laughter
C)exasperation
D)humility

Question 64

Narcissists tend to use a predictable set of manipulation tactics which are typically exemplified by being _____ in social situations.

A)very generous and giving and described as altruistic
B)very aggressive and hostile
C)exploitative of users and being described as "users"
D)supportive and nurturing

Question 65

Narcissists react to failure by

A)becoming socially withdrawn.
B)derogating other people.
C)accepting responsibility for their actions.
D)engaging in self-abasement.

Question 66

People who score high on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____ most.

A)reason
B)self-abasement
C)hardball
D)pleasure induction

Question 67

People who score low on _____ tend to use the self-abasement manipulation tactic more often.

A)surgency
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)emotional stability

Question 68

People who score high on ____ tend to use the manipulation tactics of pleasure induction and reason more.

A)surgency
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)emotional stability

Question 69

The following are all characteristics of narcissism EXCEPT

A)being grandiose.
B)being exploitative.
C)being self-centered.
D)apathetic behavior.

Question 70

The manipulation tactic most often used by people low in emotional stability is

A)hardball.
B)self-abasement.
C)regression.
D)pleasure induction.