Deck 25: The Endocrine System

Question 1

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

A)pancreas.
B)parathyroid gland.
C)adrenal gland.
D)pineal glanD.
E)testes.

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Calcium is critical for regulating cellular activities and for the hardness of bone.Please see sections 25.3 and 25.4 for more information.

Question 2

Which characteristic sets insulin and glucagon apart from steroid hormones?

A)They are lipid-soluble.
B)They alter gene expression.
C)They bind to a receptor inside the cell's cytoplasm or nucleus.
D)They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell.
E)They are not water-solublE.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Steroids,being hydrophobic,easily enter cells and have their receptors internally within the cell.Please see section 25.2 for more information.

Question 3

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the

A)parathyroid gland.
B)adrenal gland.
C)pineal gland.
D)pancreas.
E)testes.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The pancreas produces insulin,which decreases blood sugar concentrations in a normal individual,and glucagon,which raises it.Please see section 25.4 for more information.

Question 4

An endocrine gland releases its product directly

A)into the digestive system.
B)onto an outer epithelial surface.
C)into the circulatory system.
D)into a body cavity.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 5

Peptide hormones are usually which?

A)bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
B)lipid-soluble
C)water-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
D)water-soluble
E)lipid-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

Question 6

The release of which hormone is usually controlled by positive feedback?

A)insulin
B)TRH
C)oxytocin
D)glucagon
E)No answer is correct.

Question 7

Whic is an endocrine gland?

A)pancreas
B)thyroid gland
C)ovaries
D)testes
E)All answers are correct.

Question 8

The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the

A)testes.
B)pancreas.
C)parathyroid gland.
D)adrenal glanD.
E)pineal gland.

Question 9

The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the

A)pancreas.
B)pineal gland.
C)parathyroid gland.
D)adrenal glanD.
E)testes.

Question 10

Which option lists a primary endocrine product(s)of the ovaries?

A)estrogen
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)progesterone and estrogen
D)progesterone
E)follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen

Question 11

Which is not an endocrine gland?

A)hypothalamus
B)testes
C)gall bladder
D)pineal gland
E)adrenal gland

Question 12

Which has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

A)ACTH
B)FSH and LH
C)endorphins
D)oxytocin
E)ADH

Question 13

The endocrine gland that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is the

A)parathyroid gland
B)pancreas
C)adrenal gland
D)pineal gland
E)testes

Question 14

All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

A)hypothalamus and pons.
B)hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
C)cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
D)pineal gland and pituitary glanD.
E)cerebellum and pituitary gland.

Question 15

Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the blood stream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are

A)enzymes.
B)pheromones.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)hormones.
E)pectines.

Question 16

If you wanted to alter breast milk production in a new mother having trouble feeding her baby due to poor milk supply,you would look at the hormone prolactin,since it is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _______________.

A)anterior pituitary;mammary glands
B)anterior pituitary;pancreas
C)posterior pituitary;kidney
D)posterior pituitary;mammary glands
E)posterior pituitary;pancreas

Question 17

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

A)cholesterol.
B)amino acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)proteins.
E)sucrosE.

Question 18

Steroid hormones

A)are typically lipid-soluble.
B)typically do not bind to a surface receptor on a target cell.
C)pass through cell membranes.
D)typically alter gene expression.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 19

Which is incorrect?

A)Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.
B)A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous,but hormones take a considerable amount of time to exert their effects.
C)Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell.
D)A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time,whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blooD.
E)Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones.

Question 20

Which would be the primary target for ADH?

A)pancreas
B)mammary gland
C)testes
D)kidney
E)ovaries

Question 21

Which could occur in type 1 diabetes?

A)a decrease in insulin receptors on muscle cells
B)a decrease in blood glucose
C)a decrease in insulin levels inside muscle cells
D)a decrease in insulin secreted by the pancreas
E)a decrease in glucose secreted by muscle cells

Question 22

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney,yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The pituitary tumor releases mineralocorticoids.
B)The pituitary tumor releases glucocorticoids.
C)The pituitary tumor releases a hormone that inhibits the adrenal gland.
D)The pituitary tumor releases ACTH.
E)The pituitary tumor releases cortisol.

Question 23

A person suffering from acromegaly produces too much ___________ as a(n)______________.

A)testosterone;child
B)testosterone;adult
C)growth hormone;child
D)growth hormone;adult
E)insulin;child

Question 24

If you were a doctor working with a patient whose digestion had slowed markedly,you might measure the patient's production of

A)calcitonin.
B)epinephrine.
C)insulin.
D)glucagon.
E)testosteronE.

Question 25

Hypoglycemia is caused by

A)too much insulin being produced.
B)too little insulin being produced.
C)insufficient carbohydrate intake or too much insulin production.
D)insufficient carbohydrate intake.
E)insufficient carbohydrate intake or too little insulin production.

Question 26

The hormone that stimulates glycogen to be broken down to glucose is

A)insulin.
B)calcitonin.
C)aldosterone.
D)glucagon.
E)melatonin.

Question 27

Prednisone would be most similar to which compound?

A)cortisol
B)insulin
C)TRH
D)oxytocin
E)glucagon

Question 28

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the ______ and targets the ______.

A)hypothalamus;mammary glands
B)anterior pituitary;mammary glands
C)anterior pituitary;pancreas
D)hypothalamus;pancreas
E)posterior pituitary;mammary glands

Question 29

Prednisone would be made from which starting material?

A)amino acids
B)cholesterol
C)nucleotides
D)proteins
E)sucrose

Question 30

The adrenal glands are located "on top" of

A)the ovaries.
B)the pancreas.
C)the kidneys.
D)the thyroid glanD.
E)the liver.

Question 31

Which would you expect in the blood of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A)no change in either TSH and thyroid hormones
B)a decrease in both TSH and thyroid hormones
C)an increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones
D)an increase in both TSH and thyroid hormones
E)a decrease in TSH and an increase in thyroid hormones

Question 32

If a person requires insulin injections they most likely suffer from

A)type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemiA.
B)type 1 diabetes and hyperglycemia.
C)type 1 diabetes only.
D)hypoglycemia only.
E)hyperglycemia only.

Question 33

The antidote for a severe,life-threatening allergic reaction is a shot of

A)penicillin.
B)insulin.
C)FSH.
D)epinephrine.
E)oxytocin.

Question 34

Hyperthyroidism

A)is caused by iodine deficiency.
B)can cause elevated heart rate.
C)leads to weight gain.
D)is not a problem clinically.
E)is caused by removal of the thyroid.

Question 35

Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with

A)obesity.
B)old age.
C)premature infants.
D)a suppressed immune system.
E)calcium deficiency.

Question 36

When dealing with a patient having trouble maintaining the composition of body fluids,you might look for problems in the production of

A)ADH.
B)prolactin.
C)oxytocin.
D)LH.
E)TSH.

Question 37

To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to

A)milk.
B)soda pop.
C)salt.
D)processed meats.
E)orange juicE.

Question 38

If you fed a radioactive tracer to the posterior pituitary gland,in which hormone might you expect to find the tracer?

A)insulin
B)TSH
C)oxytocin
D)FSH
E)No answer is correct.

Question 39

If a physician recommends frequent small meals with low carbohydrate and high protein content,the patient most likely

A)suffers from hypoglycemiA.
B)suffers from goiter.
C)suffers from osteoporosis.
D)suffers from hyperglycemia.
E)suffers from diverticulitis.

Question 40

A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as

A)hepatitis.
B)goiter.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes.
E)osteoporosis.

Question 41

Hyperthyroidism could be triggered by which changes?

A)increased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
B)increased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
C)decreased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
D)decreased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
E)No answer is correct.

Question 42

The antibody produced in Graves' disease would do which thing?

A)inhibit the thyroid from releasing thyroid hormone
B)stimulate the thyroid to release thyroid hormone
C)bind to thyroid hormone in the blood
D)destroy thyroid cells
E)enter the thyroid cell and move to the nucleus

Question 43

BPA would be considered which kind of molecule?

A)a neurotoxin
B)an endocrine disruptor
C)an antibiotic
D)a synthetic hormone
E)a positive feedback stimulator

Question 44

How might the results of the experiment on ADH and prairie voles be used in research with autistic humans,who have social difficulties?

A)Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of reward to promote formation of social attachments.
B)Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to block aggression.
C)Inject hormones into the bloodstream of autistic humans to derive feelings of monogamy,instead of promiscuity.
D)Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of aggression to promote formation of social attachments.
E)Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to increase aggression.

Question 45

Some animals in cold-weather habitats hibernate for long periods of time during the winter by sleeping in dark dens until the weather becomes warmer.How does hibernation affect melatonin secretion?

A)Hibernation does not affect melatonin secretion because the sun and moon and still rising and setting.
B)Hibernation decreases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.
C)Hibernation increases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.
D)Hibernation increases melatonin secretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.
E)Hibernation decreases melatonin sectretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.

Question 46

Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone.What effect would this have on their bodies?

A)They would gain muscle.
B)They would become taller.
C)They would become smarter.
D)They would become lighter and faster.
E)Their limbs would become longer.

Question 47

Since parathyroid hormone causes calcium to be liberated from bone,blocking that hormone could be a partial aid in dealing with loss of calcium from bone.

Question 48

What is the advantage of the endocrine system over the nervous system?

A)Hormones last for only portions of a second and must be continually sent,unlike neural impulses.
B)Hormones remain in the bloodstream and cells for long periods of time to maintain homeostatsis,unlike neural impulses.
C)Hormones are received almost instantaneously by the target cell,unlike neural impulses.
D)Hormones are transported through nervous tissue,unlike neural impulses.
E)Hormones are transported through muscle,unlike neural impulses.

Question 49

Estrogen and progesterone normally do which things?

A)stimulate LH and FSH production by the uterus
B)stimulate LH and FSH production by the pituitary
C)inhibit LH and FSH production by the uterus
D)They have no effect on LH and FSH production.
E)inhibit LH and FSH production by the pituitary

Question 50

Which organ was being affected by the BPA that led to decreased LH in the blood?

A)ovary
B)kidney
C)pituitary
D)thyroid
E)pancreas

Question 51

All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

Question 52

You would know that you had found endocrine cells if you observed them to secrete hormones into ducts that release the hormones into a body cavity.

Question 53

LH and FSH normally do which things?

A)stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
B)inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus
C)inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
D)They have no effect on estrogen or progesterone production.
E)stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the ovaries

Question 54

Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor.Symptoms of prolactinoma in women include infertility and atypical menstruation.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Increased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.
B)Increased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.
C)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.
D)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.

Question 55

Parathyroid hormone causes the removal of calcium from bone when needed,so insufficient calcium intake can lead to issues such as osteoporosis where severe calcium loss from bone weakens it greatly.

Question 56

When daylight saving time starts,clocks are turned forward one hour.Someone who woke up in the dark now wakes up in the light.How does this affect the melatonin production in that person?

A)Melatonin production starts an hour earlier when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
B)Melatonin production starts an hour later when the person goes to sleep,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
C)Melatonin production turns off an hour earlier when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
D)Melatonin production turns off an hour later when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
E)Melatonin production is not affected by a change of waking up in the dark to waking up in the light,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.

Question 57

The human parathyroid gland regulates what in the blood?

A)calcium
B)glucose
C)insulin
D)glucocorticoid
E)melatonin

Question 58

In the case of prairie voles,what hypothesis were the scientists examining?

A)Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of reward.
B)Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of aggression.
C)Higher levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.
D)Lower levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.
E)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is absent in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.

Question 59

Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.