Deck 24: The Nervous System and the Senses

Question 1

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the

A)myelin sheath.
B)axon.
C)synapse.
D)dendrite.
E)cell body.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The cell body is crucial for keeping the cell alive,but,in some ways,it is least critical for the transmission of nerve impulses.Please see section 24.2 for more information.

Question 2

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Parkinson disease.
D)Huntington disease.
E)Alzheimer diseasE.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Alzheimer disease is associated with problems involving memory,among other severe symptoms.Please see section 24.4 for more information.

Question 3

The three major roles of the human nervous system are

A)sensory integration,glandular response,and motor response.
B)seeing,feeling,and hearing.
C)sensory input,sensory integration,and motor response.
D)smooth muscle response,cardiac muscle response,and skeletal muscle response.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The nervous system is designed to deal with information about the outside world.Please see section 24.1 for more information.

Question 4

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the

A)peripheral nervous system.
B)central nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)autonomic nervous system.
E)sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)motor neuron.
D)sensory neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Question 6

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

A)synapse.
B)cell body.
C)axon.
D)dendrite.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 7

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(n)

A)synaptic cleft.
B)action potential.
C)hormone.
D)neurotransmitter.
E)neurotoxin.

Question 8

A motor neuron's __________ and ___________ reside in the central nervous system,but its ____________ extend(s)into the peripheral nervous system.

A)cell body,dendrites,axon
B)dendrites,cell body,axon
C)dendrites,axon,cell body
D)axon,cell body,dendrites
E)No answer is correct.

Question 9

If you wanted to study the part of a neuron that carries electrical signals away from the cell body,you would look for what part?

A)dendrite
B)axon
C)myelin sheath
D)cell body
E)hemisphere

Question 10

The condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Huntington disease.
D)Alzheimer disease.
E)Parkinson diseasE.

Question 11

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron,you would look for a neuron in which

A)active transport is not occurring.
B)sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
C)very little metabolism is taking place.
D)the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside.
E)potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outsidE.

Question 12

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)motor neuron.
D)sensory neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Question 13

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)sensory neuron.
D)motor neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Question 14

In myelinated axons

A)potassium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
B)sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
C)sodium ions can diffuse out of the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
D)All answers are correct.

Question 15

If you wanted to stop transmission from one neuron to another,you would want to destroy all

A)neurotransmitters.
B)action potentials.
C)resting potentials.
D)threshold potentials.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 16

A nerve impulse travels about __________ times faster when it leaps between gaps in the myelin sheath than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon.

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)100
E)50

Question 17

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is

A)an isomer.
B)an isotope.
C)an ion.
D)a neurotransmitter.
E)an acid.

Question 18

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)synapses.
D)cell bodies.
E)myelin sheaths.

Question 19

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the

A)dendrite.
B)axon.
C)synapse.
D)cell body.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 20

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

A)interneurons,synaptic neurons,and neurogliA.
B)synaptic neurons,motor neurons,and neuroglia.
C)sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons.
D)interneurons,sensory neurons,and neuroglia.
E)synaptic neurons,motor neurons,and sensory neurons.

Question 21

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the

A)somatic system.
B)autonomic system.
C)sympathetic system.
D)parasympathetic system.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 22

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where essential functions such as breathing,blood pressure,and heart rate are regulated,you would point to

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 23

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)cerebrum.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)pons.

Question 24

Which best describes how a neuron fires?

A)Na⁺ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
B)Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
C)Na⁺ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
D)Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
E)Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

Question 25

What effect would Reminyl have on a neuron's ability to release neurotransmitters?

A)It would decrease.
B)It would stay the same.
C)It would increase.
D)It would increase,then decrease.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 26

If you were asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where muscular movements are coordinated,you would point to the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 27

The condition that develops when there is excess GABA leading to excess dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain is

A)insomniA.
B)epilepsy.
C)Alzheimer disease.
D)Parkinson disease.
E)Huntington diseasE.

Question 28

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Alzheimer disease.
D)Huntington disease.
E)Parkinson diseasE.

Question 29

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the

A)white matter.
B)white reflex.
C)grey matter.
D)grey reflex.
E)red matter.

Question 30

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open.These toxins cause pain by

A)depolarizing motor neurons.
B)polarizing sensory neurons.
C)polarizing motor neurons.
D)polarizing interneurons.
E)depolarizing sensory neurons.

Question 31

Acetylcholine is what?

A)an enzyme
B)a neurotransmitter
C)a voltage gated ion channel
D)a receptor
E)a source of fuel for neurons

Question 32

A neuron fires when

A)Na⁺ ions move against their concentration gradient spontaneously.
B)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
C)Na⁺ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously.
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 33

What does the puffer fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin directly inhibit?

A)proteins involved in active transport
B)channel proteins involved in osmosis
C)proteins involved in ATP synthesis
D)channel proteins involved in diffusion
E)relaxation of muscles

Question 34

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the

A)grey matter.
B)meninges.
C)white matter.
D)epidermis.
E)myelin sheaths.

Question 35

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the

A)white reflex.
B)grey matter.
C)red reflex.
D)red matter.
E)white matter.

Question 36

If you were working with a patient with brain damage who had serious problems with homeostasis,you would suspect that the brain damage included the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 37

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person raises antibodies against myelin.How would this affect the nervous system?

A)Nerve impulses would travel faster.
B)Nerves would fire continuously.
C)Nerves would be unable to fire.
D)Nerve impulses would travel more slowly.
E)Nerves cannot release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to muscles.

Question 38

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the

A)motor neuron.
B)spinal cord.
C)sensory neuron.
D)brainstem.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 39

A neuron recharges when

A)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
B)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move down their concentration gradient.
C)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move against their concentration gradient.
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.

Question 40

Why would this lead to paralysis and death?

A)Neurons run out of energy.
B)Neurons swell because of increased osmosis.
C)Neurons can't recharge.
D)Neurons can't fire without a voltage change.
E)Neurons cannot release neurotransmitters.

Question 41

In humans,if you wanted to eliminate the ability to smell dung,which type of receptor should be changed?

A)photoreceptor
B)chemoreceptor
C)thermoreceptor
D)pain receptor
E)mechanoreceptor

Question 42

During an action potential,sodium ions enter into the cell.

Question 43

The dendrite is the critical receiving end of a synapse.

Question 44

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called

A)gradient adaptation.
B)an action potential.
C)a graded potential.
D)radiating adaptation.
E)sensory adaptation.

Question 45

if you wanted to disrupt transmission of nervous signals,you could use a drug to destroy interneurons.

Question 46

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

A)Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse.
B)Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.
C)More serotonin would be released by the neuron.
D)Less serotonin would be released by the neuron.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 47

A mutant fruit fly with poor nerve transmission proves to have poor reception of signals sent by one neuron to another.This is probably due to mutanty dendrite formation.

Question 48

Neurotransmitters released from a "sending" cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

Question 49

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with Parkinson disease have decreased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with Parkinson disease?

A)hyperactive voluntary movements
B)slowed senses
C)slowed voluntary movements
D)decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)excessive sleeping

Question 50

Receptors for the special senses are limited to the

A)head.
B)tongue.
C)ears.
D)feet.
E)abdomen.

Question 51

Which of the following is not one of the special senses?

A)smell
B)vision
C)taste
D)touch
E)hearing

Question 52

The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

Question 53

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with schizophrenia have increased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with schizophrenia?

A)slowed voluntary movements
B)slowed senses
C)hyperactive voluntary movements
D)decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)excessive sleeping

Question 54

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,or Lou Gehrig disease,causes muscle weakness and atrophy due to a decrease in stimulation by which types of neurons?

A)motor neurons
B)sensory neurons
C)interneurons
D)motor and sensory neurons
E)sensory and interneurons

Question 55

In humans,which type of receptor is used primarily to detect light?

A)photoreceptor
B)pain receptor
C)chemoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)thermoreceptor

Question 56

In humans,which is used primarily to detect sharp blows and excessive heat?

A)mechanoreceptor
B)chemoreceptor
C)photoreceptor
D)thermoreceptor
E)pain receptor

Question 57

Unmyelinated regions are critical parts of synapses.

Question 58

If a neuron is at rest,the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

Question 59

Receptors for the general senses are

A)limited to the head.
B)limited to the legs.
C)found only in the brain and spinal cord.
D)found throughout the body.
E)found only on the surface of the body.

Question 60

If you were studying mutant rabbits which seem unable to sense and move away from a harmful heat source,you would look for a gene coding for what kind of protein?

A)photoreceptor
B)pain receptor
C)thermoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)chemoreceptor

Question 61

Which is not one of the general senses?

A)touch
B)temperature
C)pain
D)vision
E)position

Question 62

When you smell the cookies,which is being activated?

A)mechanoreceptor
B)thermoreceptor
C)photoreceptor
D)chemoreceptor
E)pain receptor

Question 63

Bone-conduction aids transmit sound waves directly to the oval window.This would bypass which of the following?

A)the inner ear
B)the outer ear
C)the auditory canal
D)the middle ear
E)the cochlea

Question 64

When you feel the sun on your skin,which is being activated?

A)mechanoreceptor
B)photoreceptor
C)pain receptor
D)thermoreceptor
E)chemoreceptor

Question 65

The size of the opening for light coming into the eye is regulated by

A)corneA.
B)pupil.
C)iris.
D)cone.
E)lens.

Question 66

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sound is the

A)olfactory nerve.
B)auditory nerve.
C)optic nerve.
D)retinal nerve.
E)pons.

Question 67

When a snake flicks its tongue the tips of the forked tongue pass through openings in the palate and contact sensory cells in the snout.How would this help a snake detect its prey?

A)The snout touches the prey,stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey.
B)The snake can taste its prey when it bites it to tell if it is edible.
C)The motion of the tongue moves air over the snake's snout,helping it to smell.
D)The tongue touches the prey,stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey.
E)Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.

Question 68

The diagram shows a(n)______ in action.

A)muscle
B)synapse
C)voluntary movement
D)involuntary movement
E)reflex

Question 69

When you look at the water,which is being activated?

A)thermoreceptor
B)pain receptor
C)photoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)chemoreceptor

Question 70

The layer of the wall of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye and becomes the iris at the front of the eye is the

A)sclerA.
B)retina.
C)vitreous humor.
D)aqueous humor.
E)choroid.

Question 71

Volatile chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other members of the same species are referred to as

A)hormones.
B)pheromones.
C)neuroglia.
D)meninges.
E)cochleas.

Question 72

In the cochlea,how is sound transmitted into nerve signals that reach the brain?

A)through photoreceptors
B)through thermoreceptors
C)through pain receptors
D)through mechanoreceptors
E)through chemoreceptors

Question 73

While in the treatment room at your eye doctor,you bump a model of the eye and a sheet-like part falls out into your hand.When you replace it,you have put back the

A)corneA.
B)retina.
C)pupil.
D)iris.
E)lens.

Question 74

Working with a patient with eye problems,you discover that the patient cannot focus images.You suspect that there may be a defect in the

A)lens.
B)cone.
C)pupil.
D)retina.
E)iris.

Question 75

Odorous molecules are first detected in the nose,are transduced,and travel to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex.

Question 76

Which is true of olfactory cells and taste buds?

A)Olfactory cells contain all of the possible olfactory receptors while taste buds can sense all of the primary tastes.
B)Olfactory cells express a single olfactory receptor while taste buds can sense only one of the primary tastes.
C)Olfactory cells express a single olfactory receptor while taste buds can sense 50 to 150 tastes.
D)Olfactory cells contain all of the possible olfactory receptors while taste buds can sense only one of the primary tastes.

Question 77

At the snail-shaped _______________,sound is transduced into nerve impulses.

A)auditory canal
B)eardrum
C)auditory nerve
D)cochlea
E)oval window

Question 78

What is transported from a neuron,through the synaptic cleft,and received by the receptors of another cell (shown in blue in the figure)?

A)sodium ions
B)potassium ions
C)neurotransmitters
D)oxygen molecules
E)neuroglia

Question 79

In conductive deafness,the middle ear fails to move sound to the inner ear.By amplifying sounds in the auditory canal,the hearing aid moves the _______ more than normal,helping the person hear more clearly.

A)cochlea
B)eardrum
C)oval window
D)auditory canal
E)auditory nerve

Question 80

The opening for light to enter into the eye is the

A)corneA.
B)retina.
C)pupil.
D)iris.
E)lens.