Deck 18: Populations

Question 1

In 2010,India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.What was the growth rate of India's population?

A)0.027
B)0.013
C)0.014
D)0.040
E)0.001

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Population growth rate is the excess of the birth rate over the death rate.Please see sections 18.3 and 18.6 for more information.

Question 2

The maximum number of individuals that a habitat can support indefinitely is the habitat's

A)density dispersion.
B)carrying capacity.
C)growth capacity.
D)environmental loaD.
E)dispersion capacity.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Carrying capacity depends on critical resource availability.Please see section 18.4 for more information.

Question 3

Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a

A)density-independent limit.
B)density-codependent limit.
C)density-dependent limit.
D)death-dependent factor.
E)death-independent factor.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: For wolves to effectively predate deer,there must be sufficient numbers of prey to support the wolf population.Please see section 18.4 for more information.

Question 4

In regards to a species' life history,equilibrium species

A)have only a few offspring.
B)are short-lived.
C)reproduce at an early age.
D)have a large number of offspring.
E)give very little care to their offspring.

Question 5

A human population with a large percentage of pre-reproductive individuals is common in

A)less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
B)more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
C)less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
D)more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.

Question 6

In a survivorship curve,a type III species,like most insects and plants,is a species that has

A)an equal probability of dying at any age.
B)a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
C)the highest probability of dying at a very young age.
D)the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
E)an extremely long life span.

Question 7

The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its

A)immigration rate.
B)emigration rate.
C)death rate.
D)birth rate.
E)expatriation ratE.

Question 8

The physical location where an organism lives is termed its

A)home boundary.
B)range.
C)habitat.
D)community.
E)ecosystem.

Question 9

All of the organisms in a given location or area are termed a

A)peer group.
B)flock.
C)community.
D)population.
E)herd.

Question 10

The number of individuals that die in a population per unit time is its

A)immigration rate.
B)emigration rate.
C)death rate.
D)birth rate.
E)expatriation ratE.

Question 11

In regards to a species' life history,opportunistic species

A)are long-lived.
B)provide extensive care for their offspring.
C)are limited primarily by carrying capacity.
D)reproduce later in life.
E)produce many offspring.

Question 12

In a survivorship curve,a type II species,like a song bird,is a species that has

A)an equal probability of dying at any age.
B)a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
C)the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
D)an extremely short life span.
E)the highest probability of dying at a very young agE.

Question 13

The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is

A)ethology.
B)habitology.
C)ergonomics.
D)ecology.
E)geology.

Question 14

A human population with a large percentage of post-reproductive individuals is common in

A)less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
B)more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
C)more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
D)less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 15

An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is

A)insects eating your tomato plants.
B)your tomato plants competing for water.
C)a fungus infecting your tomato plants.
D)frost killing all of your tomato plants.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 16

A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a

A)population.
B)community.
C)peer group.
D)flock.
E)herd.

Question 17

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is

A)carrying capacity.
B)population density.
C)a community.
D)population distribution.
E)population dynamics.

Question 18

In 2010,India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.Approximately how much did the Indian population grow in 2010?

A)170,000,000
B)1,700,000
C)170,000
D)17,000,000
E)17,000

Question 19

A population age structure diagram depicting an equal number of individuals in each age group suggests that the population is

A)stable.
B)growing.
C)declining.
D)facing extinction.
E)very small.

Question 20

In a survivorship curve,a type I species,like a human or elephant,is a species that has

A)an equal probability of dying at any age.
B)the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
C)a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
D)an extremely short life span.
E)the highest probability of dying at a very young agE.

Question 21

Whic best describes the link between survivorship curves and equilibrium species?

A)Equilibrium species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring.
B)Equilibrium species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring.
C)Equilibrium species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring.
D)Equilibrium species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.

Question 22

When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.

Question 23

Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the Chinese population to13_QC_42798

A)grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B)grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.
C)grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D)grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 24

The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.

Question 25

Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

A)fishes,snails,crabs,water,and salinity
B)fishes,snails,and crabs only
C)both water and salinity
D)water only
E)salinity only

Question 26

A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual.Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?

A)Its population is increasing.
B)Its standard of living is increasing.
C)Both its population and standard of living are increasing.
D)Its population and land area are increasing.
E)Its standard of living and land area are increasing.

Question 27

Governments of France,Canada,and China offer financial incentives to encourage citizens to have children.

Question 28

Which falls outside the study of ecology?

A)spread of disease
B)predator-prey relationships
C)invasive plant species
D)bonds of DNA
E)land management

Question 29

Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the Indian population to_20_2013_QC_42798

A)grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B)grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.
C)grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D)grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 30

The United Nations has estimated (for the high estimate)that the world's human population may reach about 10.5 billion by the year 2050 and will continue to increase.

Question 31

When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.

Question 32

Which of the following organisms is an example of an opportunistic species?

A)dolphins
B)humans
C)rabbits
D)penguins
E)tortoises

Question 33

Why are the leading causes of human death in high-income countries heart disease,stroke,and cancer,while in low-income countries infectious diseases are the leading causes of death?

A)High-income countries have sedentary life habits,excess food resources,and longer life expectancies.
B)High-income countries have larger ecological footprints.
C)High-income countries have larger population densities only.
D)High-income countries have larger population densities and are usually clustereD.
E)Genetic differences between populations causes the differences.

Question 34

Ecologists study

A)prokaryotes only.
B)eukaryotes only.
C)interactions between all organisms.
D)plants and animals only.
E)animals only.

Question 35

Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density-independent factors.

Question 36

Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently.Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?

A)The guppies are an equilibrium species.
B)The guppies are an opportunistic species.
C)Density-independent factors affects the guppy populations.
D)Density-dependent factors affects the guppy populations.
E)Sexual selection affects the guppy populations.

Question 37

Why have human growth rates increased the most in developing countries in the past 50 years?

A)Death rates have fallen more slowly than birth rates.
B)Death rates have gone up faster than birth rates.
C)Death rates have fallen faster than birth rates.
D)Death rates have gone up more slowly than birth rates.

Question 38

Which best describes the link between survivorship curves and opportunistic species?

A)Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring.
B)Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring.
C)Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.
D)Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 39

Which of the following organisms is an example of an equilibrium species?

A)cats
B)rats
C)spiders
D)whales
E)goldfish

Question 40

Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the American population to2013_QC_42798

A)grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B)grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.
C)grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D)grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 41

Hydra,a type of cnidarian,have equal survival rates through life because they are equally fit at all stages.Hydra are an example of an organism with a type ______ survivorship curve.

A)0
B)I
C)II
D)III
E)IV

Question 42

A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.

Question 43

Oysters and many other mollusks produce many offspring of which only a few survive to adulthood and then have little risk of predation with their strong adult shells.Oysters are an example of an organism with a type ______ survivorship curve.

A)0
B)I
C)II
D)III
E)IV

Question 44

If there are 10 tortoises on a 2 hectare island,the population density is 5 tortoises per hectare.

Question 45

If a species of fruit fly needs a minimum amount of leaf surface area for mating,once there are enough fruit flies to occupy all mating spaces,the population is at carrying capacity.

Question 46

If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 PM,the population density is 4.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of an aquatic community?

A)fishes,snails,crabs,water,and salinity
B)fishes,snails,and crabs only
C)both water and salinity
D)water only
E)salinity only

Question 48

If a species of guppy lives in a stream where there is more food than they need,they are at carrying capacity.