Deck 8: DNA Replication, binary Fission, and Mitosis

Question 1

Mutations may be caused by

A)errors in prokaryotic replication.
B)exposure to radiation.
C)exposure to chemicals.
D)errors in eukaryotic replication.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: When DNA Polymerase works,it makes errors,though rarely.These are mutations in the DNA sequence copied.Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Question 2

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term

A)chromatin.
B)nucleosome.
C)centromere.
D)histone.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Sister chromatids attach at centromeres,and microtubules also attach there to separate copies of chromosomes during mitosis.Please see section 8.4 for more information.

Question 3

The genome of an organism is all of its

A)proteins.
B)RNA.
C)characteristics.
D)genetic material.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: A genome is all of the DNA in one place,be it one cell,one nucleus,one mitochondrion.Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Question 4

One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term

A)centromere.
B)chromatin.
C)chromosome.
D)nucleosome.
E)chromatid.

Question 5

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)ligase.
D)helicase.
E)DNA polymerasE.

Question 6

Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because

A)they become less tightly wound.
B)they become more tightly wound.
C)they increase in length.
D)they leave the cell.
E)they increase in length and leave the cell.

Question 7

Strands of DNA are joined by

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)covalent bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)phosphodiester bonds.

Question 8

To avoid serious genetic problems,when a cell is to divide,it must replicate

A)cytoplasmic contents.
B)cell membrane structure.
C)array of enzymes.
D)genome.
E)cell wall.

Question 9

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with

A)ionic bonds.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)weak chemical bonds.
D)covalent bonds.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 10

If you were putting description on a model,you would put a card saying "a discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein" on a model of a

A)nucleosome.
B)chromosome.
C)centromere.
D)histone.
E)genomE.

Question 11

A nucleosome consists of

A)a stretch of DNA and histones.
B)a stretch of DNA only.
C)a stretch of RNA only.
D)a stretch of RNA and a ribosome.
E)histones only.

Question 12

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is

A)fertilization.
B)recombination.
C)replication.
D)mitosis.
E)germination.

Question 13

A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a

A)chromosome.
B)nucleus.
C)ribosome.
D)Golgi body.
E)centriolE.

Question 14

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

A)helicase.
B)interphase.
C)DNA polymerase.
D)prophase.
E)ligasE.

Question 15

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

A)ATP synthase
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)NAD
E)FAD

Question 16

Apoptosis is also called

A)replication.
B)mitosis.
C)programmed cell death.
D)the cell cycle.
E)programmed cellular reproduction.

Question 17

If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the dna in its nucleus,you would be observing

A)protein synthesis.
B)aerobic respiration.
C)replication.
D)substrate-phosphorylation.
E)photosynthesis.

Question 18

"DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus" defines the term

A)centromere.
B)nucleosome.
C)histone.
D)chromatin.
E)chromosomE.

Question 19

You would not be observing mitosis through a microscope if you were looking at activity designed for the

A)repair of damaged cells.
B)growth of an organism.
C)asexual reproduction.
D)formation of gametes.
E)production of genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 20

Sister chromatids are

A)genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
B)genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere.
C)genetically different.
D)genetically identical.
E)attached to each other at the centromerE.

Question 21

In early stages of mitosis,a structure appears and functions to organize the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle.This is the

A)centromere.
B)kinetochore.
C)centrosome.
D)cytoskeleton.
E)microfilaments.

Question 22

You are told that you will receive an automatic "A" in your course if you look in a drawer marked with a part of the cell cycle most clearly associated with DNA replication and find a special token.Therefore you look in a drawer containing items related to

A)mitosis.
B)cytokinesis.
C)prophase.
D)telophase.
E)interphasE.

Question 23

The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function.A cell treated with taxol would become stuck in which phase?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 24

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is

A)interphase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 25

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is

A)interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis.
B)interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase.
C)metaphase-anaphase-prophase-telophase.
D)prophase-metaphase-cytokinesis-anaphase-telophase.
E)prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophasE.

Question 26

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read

A)3' ATGTGCC 5'.
B)3' TACACGG 5'.
C)3' UACACGG 5'.
D)3' CGTGTAA 5'.
E)3' GGCACAT 5'.

Question 27

The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a

A)cell plate.
B)cleavage furrow.
C)cell wall.
D)nucleolus.
E)nuclear envelopE.

Question 28

In a sexual life cycle,a zygote (fertilized egg)grows to an adult by

A)meiosis.
B)fertilization.
C)meiosis and fertilization.
D)mitosis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 29

The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes to separate them during anaphase is the

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)centromere.
C)centrosome.
D)mitotic spindle.
E)kinetochorE.

Question 30

In an asexual life cycle,cells reproduce by

A)meiosis.
B)fertilization.
C)meiosis and fertilization.
D)mitosis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 31

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is

A)prophase.
B)anaphase.
C)interphase.
D)metaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 32

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell

A)dividing after mutations are fixed.
B)continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
C)condensing its chromosomes before mitosis.
D)aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase.
E)pulling chromosomes apart during anaphasE.

Question 33

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is

A)metaphase.
B)prophase.
C)interphase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 34

The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)mitosis.
B)interphase.
C)synthesis.
D)cytokinesis.
E)replication.

Question 35

How does the space between our fingers arise?

A)The cells form by apoptosis.
B)Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C)The cells die by apoptosis.
D)Meiosis of the cells is blockeD.
E)The cells become part of the fingers.

Question 36

When DNA replicates

A)the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA.
B)one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
C)the original DNA unwinds,and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back up.
D)transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication.
E)a cell that was diploid (2N)will now be tetraploid (4N).

Question 37

The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are

A)interphase and cytokinesis.
B)interphase and mitosis.
C)mitosis and cytokinesis.
D)interphase and prophase.
E)mitosis and meiosis.

Question 38

Meiosis is a process used for

A)repair of damaged cells.
B)growth of an organism.
C)asexual reproduction.
D)production of stem cells.
E)production of gametes.

Question 39

The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)mitosis.
B)interphase.
C)cytokinesis.
D)metaphase.
E)anaphasE.

Question 40

The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis.
B)interphase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase.
C)prophase-anaphase-metaphase-telophase.
D)interphase-prophase-cytokinesis-anaphase-telophase.
E)metaphase-anaphase-interphase-prophase-telophase-cytokinesis.

Question 41

The plant cell in the image labeled "B" is in the cell cycle stage

A)interphase.
B)telophase.
C)anaphase.
D)metaphase.
E)prophasE.

Question 42

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer," what is the dependent variable in the figure?

A)Volume of the tumor in humans.
B)Treatment days.
C)Treatment with endostatin.
D)Treatment with standard chemotherapy drug.
E)The volume of the tumor in micE.

Question 43

Some risk of cancer comes from genetic issues.

Question 44

An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two daughter cells is called

A)mitosis.
B)binary fusion.
C)daughter cell duplication.
D)binary fission.
E)conjugation.

Question 45

During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is proceeding correctly.

Question 46

Endostatin is a 184-amino acid protein that only affects endothelial cells for what reason?

A)Endothelial cells produce endostatin.
B)Endostatin can diffuse across the membrane of endothelial cells.
C)Only endothelial cells are exposed to endostatin.
D)Endothelial cells have a receptor on their cell membrane for endostatin.
E)Endostatin enters endothelial cells by endocytosis.

Question 47

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis?

A)Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
B)Both result in genetically identical cells.
C)Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
D)Both result in two daughter cells.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 48

The plant cell in the image labeled "A" is in the cell cycle stage

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.
E)metaphasE.

Question 49

An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer," what did the researchers conclude from part a.of the figure?

A)Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
B)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of resistance.
C)Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
D)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developeD.
E)Tumors in untreated cells shrank in sizE.

Question 51

During cytokinesis of a plant cell,the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.

Question 52

If a cancer metastasizes,its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas of the body.

Question 53

Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission,but from mutations and gene transfers.

Question 54

Binary fission produces ______ cells,mitosis produces ______ cells,and meiosis produces ______ cells.

A)prokaryotic;eukaryotic body;eukaryotic sex
B)genetic;body;sex
C)eukaryotic;prokaryotic body;prokaryotic sex
D)genetically different;genetically identical;genetically different
E)genetically identical;genetically different;genetically identical

Question 55

Exposure to UV radiation from the sun can increase the risk of caner.

Question 56

The plant cell in the image labeled "D" is in the cell cycle stage

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)prophase.
D)telophase.
E)interphasE.

Question 57

Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule.

Question 58

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis?

A)Both result in genetically identical cells.
B)Both result in one daughter cell.
C)Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
D)Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 59

What hypothesis were the researchers testing by treating tumors with endostatin and a standard chemotherapy drug?

A)Endostatin works on endothelial cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
B)Endostatin works on tumor cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in endothelial cells.
C)The standard chemotherapy drug works on endothelial cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
D)The standard chemotherapy drug works on tumor cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in endothelial cells.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 60

Which of the following does not increase the risk for developing cancer?

A)vigorous exercise
B)poor diet
C)mutated genes
D)sun exposure
E)tobacco

Question 61

If you wanted to avoid lung cancer,what would be the best factor to avoid?

A)human papilloma virus
B)UV radiation
C)dietary saturated fat
D)tobacco use
E)All answers are correct.

Question 62

Semiconservative DNA replication comes from the basepairing that is part of the basic structure of the DNA double helix.

Question 63

Which is the cause of cervical cancer?

A)human papilloma virus
B)UV radiation
C)dietary saturated fat
D)tobacco use
E)All answers are correct.

Question 64

Apoptosis could explain the death of lines of cells in palm leaves that lead to separate "fingers" in the structure of those leaves.

Question 65

Apoptosis could be used to protect an organism against

A)excessive DNA damage.
B)excess fat in the diet.
C)allergens.
D)a family history of cancer.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 66

A mutation in a gene controlling a cell cycle checkpoint could pose a signifnicant risk of cancer.

Question 67

No real risk of cancer comes from an organism's environment.

Question 68

Apoptosis could be used to limit the spread of an intracellular disease-causing agent by isolating it with dead cells.