Deck 6: How Cells Release Energy

Question 1

Plants are

A)net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers.
B)net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers.
C)net O₂ and CO₂ producers.
D)net O₂ and CO₂ consumers.
E)able to conduct photosynthesis,not cellular respiration.

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Plants give off more oxygen in photosynthesis than they take up in cellular respiration.Please see section 6.1 for more information.

Question 2

In animal cells,the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the

A)ribosome.
B)lysosome.
C)golgi body.
D)mitochondrion.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria,different parts of the overall process occuring in different places within it.Please see section 6.1 for more information.

Question 3

The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are

A)glycolysis,photosystems,and carbon reactions.
B)carbon reactions,Krebs cycle,and light reactions.
C)Krebs cycle,carbon reactions,and electron transport chain.
D)glycolysis,Krebs cycle,and electron transport chain.
E)light reactions,carbon reactions,and electron transport chain.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: In cellular respiration of glucose,after glycolysis,its products are fed into the Krebs cycle and then ATP is produced by the electron transport chain.Please see section 6.2 for more information.

Question 4

The electron transport chain occurs in the

A)lysosome.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)ribosome.
E)mitochondrion.

Question 5

If you radioactively labelled NADH and FADH₂,you would observe that the radioactivity would be transported at the

A)inner mitochondrial membrane.
B)matrix.
C)outer mitochondrial membrane.
D)cell membrane.
E)cytoplasm.

Question 6

The electrons that are transferred during cellular respiration are carried in the molecules

A)NADP and FADH₂.
B)NADH and FADH₂.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)NADH₂ and glucose.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 7

You have discovered a gene that is mutated in some patients with a mitochiondrial disease.When you analyze the gene,you find that the protein encoded forms a channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and adds phosphate to ADP.You conclude that the disease is caused by malfuntion of the

A)ATP synthase.
B)NADH synthase.
C)FADH₂ synthase.
D)ADP synthase.
E)NADPH synthasE.

Question 8

If you were looking for signs of cellular respiration,you could do tests for the production of

A)carbon dioxide,glucose,and water.
B)glucose,water,and ATP.
C)glucose,carbon dioxide,and ATP.
D)oxygen,ATP,and water.
E)carbon dioxide,water,and ATP.

Question 9

The reactants for cellular respiration are

A)glucose and ATP.
B)water and ATP.
C)oxygen and ATP.
D)glucose and oxygen.
E)carbon dioxide and glucosE.

Question 10

The Krebs cycle occurs in the

A)lysosome.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)mitochondrion.
E)ribosomE.

Question 11

Fermentation is most common in

A)plants.
B)animals.
C)fungi.
D)microbes.
E)viruses.

Question 12

Animals are

A)net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers.
B)net O₂ and CO₂ producers.
C)net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers.
D)net O₂ and CO₂ consumers.
E)able to conduct photosynthesis,not cellular respiration.

Question 13

If asked to point on a diagram of a cell to the place where glycolysis occurs,you would plant to the

A)cytoplasm.
B)mitochondrion.
C)lysosome.
D)nucleus.
E)cell membranE.

Question 14

The chemical formula for glucose is

A)C₆H₁₂O₆.
B)C₁₂H₆O₁₂.
C)C₆H₆O₁₂.
D)C₁₂H₁₂O₆.
E)C₁H₂O₁.

Question 15

The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step by step is because

A)cells do not store enough oxygen.
B)cells do not contain many mitochondria.
C)glucose breaks down slowly inside a cell.
D)it enables cells to harness energy released at each step.
E)cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly.

Question 16

The area enclosed by the highly folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the

A)cytoplasm.
B)nucleus.
C)outer membrane.
D)intermembrane compartment.
E)matrix.

Question 17

Glycolysis of a glucose molecule

A)produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP.
B)occurs only in animal cells.
C)transfers electrons from glucose to FAD.
D)occurs only in microorganisms.
E)occurs in mitochondria.

Question 18

If you were observing mud from the bottom of a pond,you would expect to see glycolysis since it does not require

A)ATP.
B)glucose.
C)enzymes.
D)NAD.
E)oxygen.

Question 19

If you were grading an exam question about glycolysis,you would give the highest grade if a student said that in glycolysis glucose was

A)broken down into two molecules of carbon dioxide.
B)combined to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C)combined to form two molecules of carbon dioxide.
D)broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
E)broken down into two molecules of oxygen.

Question 20

The "spent" electrons from the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration are transferred to

A)oxygen.
B)nitrogen.
C)hydrogen.
D)sulfur.
E)carbon dioxidE.

Question 21

Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to

A)regenerate NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.
B)produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.
C)produce more ATP than in respiration.
D)allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen.
E)produce less CO₂.

Question 22

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because

A)ATP easily vaporizes.
B)energy cannot be created or destroyed.
C)some glucose is not broken down.
D)some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 23

When NAD⁺ picks up two electrons and a proton in reactions of the Krebs cycle to form NADH,the NAD⁺ is

A)oxidized.
B)phosphorylated.
C)reduced.
D)hydrolyzeD.
E)lysed.

Question 24

If you measure the air a person has inhaled and exhaled,you will find that the concentrations have ______ in the exhaled air.

A)higher O₂ concentrations and lower CO₂ concentrations
B)lower O₂ concentrations and higher CO₂ concentrations
C)lower O₂ and CO₂ concentrations
D)higher O₂ and CO₂ concentrations

Question 25

What is the function of the two membranes of mitochondria?

A)Glycolysis occurs in the membranes.
B)Protons are pumped into the space between the membranes.
C)Oxygen is transported across the membranes.
D)The mitochondria may rupture due to osmosis without two membranes.
E)The Krebs cycle enzymes are found on the outer mitochondrial membranE.

Question 26

What is the role of oxygen in respiration?

A)It is formed from the oxidation of water at the beginning of the electron transport chain.
B)It flows through the electron transport chain,losing energy.
C)It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain,forming water.
D)It is necessary to obtain any ATP from glucose.
E)It flows down its concentration gradient through an ATPase to produce ATP.

Question 27

The Krebs cycle continues the breakdown of glucose and

A)manufactures fats and amino acids.
B)replicates DNA.
C)provides oxygen to cells.
D)manufactures carbohydrates.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 28

The electron transport chain produces a(n)_____________ gradient.

A)electron
B)ATP
C)NADH
D)oxygen
E)proton

Question 29

The net ATP production in glycolysis is only two because

A)two molecules of ATP are needed to "activate" glucose.
B)two molecules of ATP are used to move glucose into the chloroplast.
C)glycolysis is the final step of aerobic respiration.
D)ATP production cannot exceed NADH production.
E)glycolysis may occur without oxygen being present.

Question 30

The compound that enters the Krebs cycle is

A)ATP.
B)pyruvate.
C)PGAL.
D)ATP synthase.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 31

In glycolysis,the net number of NADH produced is

A)0.
B)3.
C)2.
D)4.
E)30.

Question 32

The Krebs cycle produces ______,______,and carbon dioxide.

A)glucose,oxygen
B)oxygen,ATP
C)ATP,electron carriers
D)electron carriers,oxygen
E)pyruvate,PGAL

Question 33

In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,electrons are removed from glucose and taken up by molecules like NAD⁺.In such a reaction,glucose is being _____ and NAD⁺ is being ____.

A)reduced,oxidized
B)oxidized,reduced
C)phosphorylated,oxidized
D)phosphorylated,reduced
E)reduced,phosphorylated

Question 34

Glucose can be chemically activated using which molecule?

A)NAD
B)ATP
C)FAD
D)ADP
E)NADP

Question 35

The theoretical net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ______ ATP molecules.

A)2
B)36
C)4
D)15
E)42

Question 36

Which energy pathway connects all living organisms?

A)Aerobic respiration
B)Carbon reactions
C)Photosynthesis
D)Krebs cycle
E)Glycolysis

Question 37

if you were cleaning up a lab exercise dealing with the start and end of the Krebs cycle,you would only need to put away one model since the start and end chemicals in a cyclic pathway are

A)enzymes.
B)different molecules.
C)ATP molecules.
D)the same molecule.
E)NADH and FADH₂,respectively.

Question 38

Alcoholic fermentation

A)is carried out by yeasts.
B)produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.
C)produces ethanol.
D)All answers are correct.
E)produces carbon dioxidE.

Question 39

The only source of ATP production in cells relying fermentation is

A)glycolysis.
B)the Krebs cycle.
C)photosynthesis.
D)electron transport.
E)the Calvin cyclE.

Question 40

An example of a poison that kills by interfering with ATP production is

A)arsenic.
B)carbon monoxide.
C)All answers are correct.
D)cyanide.
E)mercury compounds.

Question 41

What did scientists conclude about beetles and self-heating flowers?

A)At higher temperatures resting beetles saved energy.
B)At higher temperatures active beetles saved energy.
C)At lower temperatures active beetles saved energy.
D)At lower temperatures resting beetles saved energy.
E)Generating heat led to increased pollination of Philodendron flowers by beetles.

Question 42

Philodendron flowers pass electrons through an electron transport chain to generate heat.What is the source of these electrons?

A)water
B)oxygen
C)ATP
D)sunlight
E)NADH and FADH₂

Question 43

Nitrogen gas can substitue for oxygen gas in cellular respiration.

Question 44

Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)decreased ATP,because protons would not be able to move across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B)no effect,because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
C)decreased ATP,because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
D)increased ATP,because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)increased ATP,because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 45

A cell produces approximately 30 ATP per glucose molecule.However,if you calculated the total energy in a glucose molecule,90 ATP should be generated.What is the best explanation for this difference?

A)Some of the energy is destroyed.
B)Scientists have not figured out where the rest of the energy goes.
C)ATP has more energy than originally thought.
D)Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell.
E)Some energy is lost as heat.

Question 46

If some of the protons are utilized for other functions on the cell and do not flow through ATP synthase after the electron transport chain,then

A)fewer ATP will be made.
B)fewer glucose molecules are needed.
C)more ATP will be made.
D)more glucose molecules are needeD.
E)more carbon dioxide molecules are generated.

Question 47

Energy can be extracted from proteins by cellular respiration.

Question 48

A variety of carbohydrates,proteins,and fats in a diet

A)provides many molecules that can enter aerobic respiration at different stages.
B)prevents production of ATP.
C)provides a mixture of molecules that slows ATP production.
D)creates an environment only conducive to fermentation.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 49

When working on heat production by flowers,what hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A)Does generating heat increase the metabolism of Philodendron?
B)Does generating heat decrease the metabolism of Philodendron?
C)Is heat being used by Philodendron to attract pollinators?
D)Is heat being used by Philodendron increase the rate of pollen production?
E)Does heat increase the rate of photosynthesis by Philodendron?

Question 50

Energy cannot be extracted from lipids by cellular respiration.

Question 51

Cellular aerobic respiration includes glycolysis,the Krebs cycle,and electron transport chain.

Question 52

Molecules called uncouplers allow protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)decreased ATP,because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
B)decreased ATP,because protons would not be available to pass through the ATP synthase
C)no effect,because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
D)increased ATP,because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)increased ATP,because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 53

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

Question 54

If glucose is unavailable,aerobic respiration may occur with

A)All answers are correct.
B)proteins.
C)carbohydrates,including starch and glycogen.
D)fats.

Question 55

Unlike animals,plants perform cellular respiration in their chloroplasts.