Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

What do a pine tree,an octopus,and a bacterium have in common at the microscopic level?

A)nothing in common
B)nuclei
C)blood supply
D)cancerous tissues
E)cellular composition

Answer 1

E
Explanation: All living things are made of cells.Please see section 3.1 for more information.

Question 2

Penicillin halts bacterial infections

A)by stimulating a person's immune system.
B)by damaging the cell membrane.
C)by interfering with the construction of the cell wall.
D)by causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Antibiotics sometimes kill bacteria by inhibiting a critical cellular process like wall synthesis.Please see section 3.2 for more information.

Question 3

How do cells avoid surface area limitations?

A)all of the choices
B)flattened shape
C)long and thin shape
D)transportation system that circulates materials inside the cell
E)many microscopic extensions

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Surface area considerations govern the shape and function of many cells.Please see section 3.1 for more information.

Question 4

The original three tenets of the cell theory are that

A)all organisms have DNA,DNA is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells come from preexisting cells.
B)all organisms are made of one or more cells,the cell is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells come from preexisting cells.
C)all organisms have DNA,all organisms are made of cells,and all cells produce proteins.
D)all organisms are made of one or more cells,the cell is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells have a nucleus.
E)all organisms are made of one or more cells,all cells contain DNA,and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 5

The cell wall of bacteria

A)helps prevent the cell from bursting.
B)protects the cell.
C)gives the bacterium a distinctive shape.
D)contains peptidoglycan.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 6

A phospholipid molecule

A)has a hydrophilic head that is repelled by water.
B)has hydrophilic tails that are repelled by water.
C)has a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water.
D)has a hydrophobic head that is repelled by water.
E)has hydrophobic tails that are attracted to water.

Question 7

What type of membrane protein is involved in passing ions and polar molecules across membranes?

A)transport proteins
B)enzymes
C)recognition proteins
D)adhesion proteins
E)receptor proteins

Question 8

A cell membrane is not

A)a fluid structure.
B)a rigid structure.
C)a mosaic structure.
D)a bilayered structure.
E)composed of phospholipid molecules.

Question 9

The scientist(s)given credit for first using the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life is (are)

A)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
B)Robert Hooke.
C)Carl Woese.
D)Rudolf Virchow.
E)J.Craig Venter.

Question 10

Which component of the cell theory argues against life on Earth evolving from inorganic molecules?

A)All organisms are made of one or more cells.
B)The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.
C)All cells come from preexisting cells.
D)Cells are small in size.
E)All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 11

The scientist (scientists)given credit for formulating the "cell theory" is (are)

A)Robert Hooke.
B)Carl Woese.
C)J.Craig Venter.
D)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
E)Antony van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial ecological role of members of the domain Bacteria?

A)aid in digestion
B)act as decomposers
C)serve as producers
D)produce pharmaceuticals
E)cause mitochondrial diseases

Question 13

The primary structural component of a cell membrane is

A)a cholesterol molecule.
B)a protein molecule.
C)a phospholipid molecule.
D)an enzyme.
E)a sugar molecule attached to a protein.

Question 14

The phospholipid bilayer of membranes allows lipids and small,nonpolar molecules to pass across membranes,but prohibits the passage of ions and polar molecules.This occurs because the phospholipid tails are

A)always saturated.
B)hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
C)always unsaturated.
D)hydrophilic and selectively permeable.
E)hydrophobic and selectively permeablE.

Question 15

What type of membrane protein is involved in creating anchoring junctions between animal cells?

A)transport proteins
B)enzymes
C)recognition proteins
D)adhesion proteins
E)receptor proteins

Question 16

Which pair of junctions,have the most analogous function?

A)plasmodesmata,gap junction
B)plasmodesmata,tight junction
C)tight junction,anchoring junction
D)gap junction,anchoring junction
E)anchoring junction,plasmodesmatum

Question 17

The three domains in the Woese system of classification are

A)Bacteria,Animalia,and Plantae.
B)Fungi,Protista,and Animalia.
C)Archaea,Eukarya,and Protista.
D)Monera,Bacteria,and Eukarya.
E)Archaea,Bacteria,and Eukarya.

Question 18

The scientist (scientists)given credit for adding the third tenet (all cells come from preexisting cells)to the cell theory is (are)

A)Robert Hooke.
B)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
C)Rudolf Virchow.
D)Carl Woese.
E)J.Craig Venter.

Question 19

Why are cells called "the fundamental unit of life"?

A)All known organisms have one or more cells.
B)Earliest life on Earth is hypothesized to have been single-celled.
C)Some cells are separate living entities that can survive individually.
D)Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function independently.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 20

A eukaryotic cell

A)has a cell wall with peptidoglycan.
B)is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
C)does not have membrane-bound organelles.
D)has membrane-bound organelles.
E)does not usually have a nucleus.

Question 21

If you asked students to describe the Golgi apparatus on an exam,you would deduct points if a student described it as

A)an organelle.
B)a processing center.
C)studded with ribosomes.
D)a stack of membrane enclosed sacs.
E)involved with secretion of cellular components.

Question 22

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the volume increase?

A)2-fold
B)8-fold
C)It would stay the same.
D)9-fold
E)4-fold

Question 23

A cytoskeleton is

A)a structure that aids in the process of cell division.
B)found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
C)a system of tracks used for transport.
D)composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 24

The function of the nucleolus is

A)protein synthesis.
B)photosynthesis.
C)transport of material into and out of the nucleus.
D)assembly of components of ribosomes.
E)assembly of DNA.

Question 25

Which of the following are cellular digestion centers?

A)peroxisomes and ribosomes
B)lysosomes and peroxisomes
C)ribosomes and chloroplasts
D)chloroplasts and ribosomes
E)lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

Question 26

Chloroplasts are known for all of the following except being

A)glucose factories.
B)responsible for respiration.
C)found in plants.
D)organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
E)found in some protists.

Question 27

Which are recycling centers for the cell?

A)ribosomes and Golgi apparatus.
B)endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts.
C)mitochondria and nucleus.
D)central vacuole and lysosomes.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 28

It would be a very great surprise to find endoplasmic reticulum that had a function to

A)produce proteins.
B)produce lipids.
C)detoxify poisons.
D)produce DNA.
E)form vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Question 29

Mitochondria are known for all of the following except that they do not

A)have their own DNA.
B)extract energy from food.
C)have two membranes.
D)have cristae.
E)carry out photosynthesis.

Question 30

If you were asked to place labels on models of cell components,on the flagella model,you would not place a label saying that it was

A)found on prokaryotic cells.
B)found on human sperm.
C)used for movement.
D)found on eukaryotic cells.
E)a component of the cytoskeleton.

Question 31

In order,the organelles involved in the production of milk are

A)nucleus,nuclear pore,rough ER,smooth ER,transport vesicle,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
B)nucleus,smooth ER,rough ER,nuclear pore,transport vesicle,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
C)nucleus,transport vesicle,rough ER,smooth ER,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
D)nucleus,nuclear pore,Golgi body,rough ER,transport vesicle,smooth ER,and vesicle for secretion.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the surface area increase?

A)2-fold
B)4-fold
C)It would stay the same.
D)9-fold
E)8-fold

Question 33

The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells is the

A)endoplasmic reticulum.
B)nucleus.
C)ribosome.
D)nucleolus.
E)cell membranE.

Question 34

The theory of endosymbiosis is based on

A)the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria,plants,and animals.
B)the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts.
C)the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria.
D)evidence from the fossil recorD.
E)similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals.

Question 35

A junction that is a protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is called

A)a tight junction.
B)a gap junction.
C)an adhering junction.
D)an anchoring junction.
E)a microtubular junction.

Question 36

A new kind of protist has been discovered that has shocked the world because its cilia are

A)found in the nucleus.
B)found on eukaryotic cells.
C)used for movement.
D)short appendages.
E)found on the exterior of cells.

Question 37

All eukaryotic cells produce many proteins,and this requires,for some of the proteins,the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum and

A)cell wall.
B)chloroplast.
C)ribosome.
D)mitochondrion.
E)cilium.

Question 38

A central vacuole

A)produces protein.
B)degrades molecules and organelles and maintains water pressure.
C)produces mRNA.
D)stores genetic information.
E)produces energy from food.

Question 39

In most mammals,the DNA found in mitochondria is inherited from

A)the father only.
B)the mother and father.
C)either parent.
D)the mother only.
E)Mitochondria are not found in mammals.

Question 40

If you had found an organelle that clearly showed that were looking at a plant cell,rather than an animal cell,you might be looking at

A)a centriole.
B)a ribosome.
C)a cell membrane.
D)a lysosome.
E)a chloroplast.

Question 41

Unlike microtubules,which operate in the cilia and flagella,what is the role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

A)component of the cytoskeleton
B)provide strength during cell stretching and compression
C)anchor cells to each other
D)involved in muscle contractions with myosin protein
E)All answers are correct.

Question 42

You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene.The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.This sample most likely came from

A)an animal.
B)a bacterium.
C)a plant.
D)a fungus.
E)an archaean.

Question 43

What type of microscope would you use if you wanted to examine the movement of a freshwater protist?

A)light microscope
B)transmission electron microscope
C)scanning electron microscope
D)light microscope and transmission electron microscope
E)transmission and scanning electron microscopes

Question 44

You discover a new life form,and study it under an electron microscope.You find that it has no organelles,a peptidoglycan cell wall,and fatty acids in its plasma membrane.You conclude that the new life form is in domain

A)BacteriA.
B)Archaea.
C)Eukarya.
D)Protista.
E)Animalia.

Question 45

Scientists have discovered that a few prokaryotic cells do have internal membranes.

Question 46

Some prokaryotes do have internal membranes,used in detecting gravity.

Question 47

Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 times the size of prokaryotic cells.How do eukaryotic cells resolve the surface area to volume limitations that favor smaller cells?

A)They have pumps that move gasses and nutrients through the cell.
B)Movement of materials is prevented in cells without a cell wall.
C)Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated.
D)Gasses are taken up by active transport.
E)None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes.

Question 48

The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments.

Question 49

If you observed a scientist engineering a cell for a high surface area-to-volume ratio,what might you guess to be the reason?

A)Maximizes the relative surface area to exchange nutrients,water,and waste.
B)Maximizes the relative surface area for cooling.
C)Provides more volume to store more organelles.
D)Provides more volume to store more nutrients.
E)Saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell.

Question 50

Magnetism-detecting bacteria turn with an applied magnetic field.

Question 51

If you were given a culture of bacteria that possessed internal membranes,you would predict that they could orient towards what?

A)magnetic fields
B)gravity
C)sunlight
D)moving water
E)turbulence

Question 52

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria.

Question 53

What is the advantage of a mature red blood cell having a flattened shape rather than a spherical shape?

A)makes it easier for them to fit through arteries and veins
B)provides more membrane for the electron transport chains where oxygen is consumed
C)provides more sites for the membrane-bound hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen
D)saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell
E)maximizes the relative surface area to exchange gasses

Question 54

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the presence of structures like chloroplasts and ribosomes,which resemble cells from prokaryotic domains,in eukaryotic cells.

Question 55

If you found a piece of animal tissue that did not allow fluid to leak across it,you would predict that it contained tight junctions.

Question 56

Which of the following do plants use to transport nutrients between adjacent cells?

A)tight junction
B)gap junction
C)plasmodesmata
D)anchoring junction
E)cell wall

Question 57

If you found a piece of coating from outside a eukaryotic plasma membrane,and chemical tests showed that it was made of cellulose,you would expect to see plasmodesmata if you examined the piece in an electron microscope.

Question 58

If you were examining a plasmodesmatum under a microscope,you would expect to find a plant cell at each end.