Deck 30: Overview of Green Plants

Question 1

Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses,liverworts,and hornworts have been called

A)gametophytes.
B)sporophytes.
C)angiosperms.
D)gymnosperms.
E)bryophytes.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In all seed plants,male and female ___________ develop within the parent sporophyte and are completely dependent on it for nutrition and water.

Answer 2

gametophytes

Question 3

In _____,both the sporophytes and the smaller gametophytes are photosynthetic.

Answer 3

ferns

Question 4

Fertilization in angiosperms leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and the typically triploid primary

A)endosperm nucleus.
B)seed.
C)ovule.
D)ovary.
E)carpel.

Question 5

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of

A)phloem.
B)xylem.
C)cortex.
D)vascular cambium.
E)cork cambium.

Question 6

The most familiar gymnosperms are _______ which include pines,firs,and others.

Question 7

The ________ plants include among others,the ferns,conifers,and the flowering plants,all of which contain nutrient-conducting systems.

Question 8

Plants,and their predecessors,green algae,do not share the property of

A)containing chlorophylls a and b,and carotenoids.
B)containing cellulose-rich cell walls.
C)containing a system of roots and stems.
D)containing starch as the primary food storage product.
E)forming a cell plate during cytokinesis.

Question 9

In plants,the sporophyte generation produces _______ as a result of meiosis.

Question 10

Which of the following represents a monophyletic group?

A)mosses,liverworts,and hornworts
B)ferns and club mosses
C)ferns,whisk ferns,and horsetails
D)liverworts and hornworts
E)Charophytes and mosses

Question 11

A process unique to angiosperms is

A)single fertilization.
B)double fertilization.
C)syngamy.
D)alternation of generation.
E)seed production.

Question 12

Gymnosperms and angiosperms differ in whether their ______ are completely enclosed by sporophytic tissue or not,at the time of pollination.

Question 13

Bryophytes,like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants,require

A)air to reproduce sexually.
B)water to reproduce sexually.
C)soil to reproduce sexually.
D)shade to reproduce sexually.
E)sunlight to reproduce sexually.

Question 14

Pollen grains are immature ____ gametophytes.

Question 15

Which plants are characterized by a conducting system,the possession of cuticles,specialized stems,and roots,stomata,and,in many species,seeds?

A)liverworts
B)mosses
C)tracheophyte
D)horsetails
E)club mosses

Question 16

The first plants clearly evolved from an organism that,if it existed today,would be classified as a multicellular green ____________.

Question 17

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses,liverworts,and hornworts,which anchor them to the substrate are called

A)rhizoids.
B)tap roots.
C)fibrous roots.
D)specialized roots.
E)storage roots.

Question 18

The object called a ______ contains the embryo and food supply in heterosporous plants.

Question 19

Which of the following tissues transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?

A)phloem
B)xylem
C)cortex
D)vascular cambium
E)cork cambium

Question 20

Plants have a ______ life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages are multicellular.

Question 21

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the

A)epiphyte generation.
B)sporophyte generation.
C)spore generation.
D)gametophyte generation.
E)angiosperm generation.

Question 22

Hornworts differ from mosses and liverworts in containing

A)small leaves.
B)sporophytes.
C)photosynthetic sporophytes.
D)gametophytes.
E)spores.

Question 23

Which of the following gymnosperms is used for production of lumber,resin,turpentine,etc.?

A)cycads
B)ginkgoes
C)conifers
D)anthophytes
E)gnetophytes

Question 24

Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except

A)mosses.
B)liverworts.
C)hornworts.
D)Charophytes.
E)Pterophytes.

Question 25

Seeds occur only in

A)heterosporous,tracheophyte plants.
B)mosses.
C)green algae.
D)liverworts.
E)hornworts.

Question 26

Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of

A)desiccation.
B)pollination.
C)syngamy.
D)spore germination.
E)coevolution.

Question 27

Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except

A)specialized roots.
B)stems.
C)specialized reproductive features.
D)increased area for photosynthesis in the leaves.
E)gas-filled air spaces.

Question 28

Among the bryophytes,which of the following contain distinct stemlike axis,small leaves,and rootlike rhizoids?

A)liverworts
B)hornworts
C)mosses
D)algae
E)cycads

Question 29

Which of the following is not a gymnosperm?

A)cycads
B)ginkgoes
C)conifers
D)anthophytes
E)cypress

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the whorls of a complete flower?

A)gynoecium containing carpels
B)androecium containing stamens
C)corolla containing petals
D)calyx containing the sepals
E)embryo containing zygotes

Question 31

Which of the following features are common to both moss leaves and true leaves?

A)vascular strands
B)chlorophyll a and b
C)all the cells are haploid
D)except at the midrib only one cell thick
E)stomata

Question 32

Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except

A)ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination.
B)a seed develops within a carpel.
C)the ovary matures into the fruit.
D)free water is required for pollination.
E)they bear flowers which are modified stems bearing modified leaves.

Question 33

Plants as well as brown,green,and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n)

A)spore and pollen.
B)megaspore and a microspore.
C)seed and a cone.
D)sporophyte and a gametophyte.
E)egg and a sperm.

Question 34

In tracheophyte plants,water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by

A)water vessels.
B)stomata.
C)phloem tubes.
D)xylem tubes.
E)chloroplasts.

Question 35

To reproduce sexually,bryophytes require

A)heterospory.
B)free water external to the plant.
C)high temperatures.
D)solar energy.
E)insect pollination.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true about ferns?

A)Their gametophytes and sporophytes are both photosynthetic.
B)Their sporophytes are much smaller than the gametophytes.
C)Their underground stem is called a rhizome.
D)Their leaves are called fronds.
E)Clustered,stalked sporangia called sori arise on the backs of the fronds.

Question 37

The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in

A)mosses,liverworts,and ferns.
B)angiosperms.
C)gymnosperms.
D)conifers.
E)cycads.

Question 38

The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the

A)club mosses.
B)horse tails.
C)angiosperms.
D)ferns.
E)gymnosperms.

Question 39

Tracheophyte plants are characterized by all of the following except

A)specialized conducting systems.
B)waxy cuticle.
C)stomata.
D)homospory or heterospory.
E)seeds.

Question 40

In only one of the five phyla of seed plants,at the time of pollination,the ovules are completely enclosed by sporophytic tissues.These plants are

A)conifers.
B)angiosperms.
C)cycads.
D)ginkgoes.
E)gnetophytes.

Question 41

Select the best answer to complete the following statement.Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

A)only oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B)only carbon dioxide and pollen.
C)only carbon dioxide and water vapor.
D)carbon dioxide,oxygen,and water vapor.
E)only carbon dioxide and spores or gametes.

Question 42

All of the following statements about ferns are correct except

A)ferns flourish in many habitats,but the majority are located in the tropics.
B)the sporophyte is a conspicuous generation.
C)the gametophyte is a conspicuous generation.
D)ferns have underground stems called rhizomes.
E)sori are located on the back or ventral surface of fronds.

Question 43

Which of the following is not true about Amborella trichopoda?

A)most basal living angiosperm
B)more primitive than magnolias and water lilies
C)exhibits characteristics most closely associated with gymnosperms
D)arose approximately 135 million years ago
E)closest living relative of original angiosperm

Question 44

If we begin with the zygote stage,which of the following sequence of processes is consistent with the life cycle of Ulva?

A)fertilization,mitotic cell divisions,meiosis
B)meiosis,mitotic cell divisions,fertilization
C)fertilization,mitotic cell divisions,fertilization,meiosis
D)mitotic cell divisions,meiosis,fertilization,meiosis
E)mitotic cell divisions,meiosis,mitotic cell divisions,fertilization

Question 45

You attend a seminar given by your biology professor.She refers to the third whorl in a complete flower.You know she means

A)the sepals of the flower.
B)the petals of the flower.
C)the female structures of the flower.
D)the male structures of the flower.
E)all of the carpels located at the third layer of the gynoecium.

Question 46

Flowers do not contain a(n)

A)stigmA.
B)style.
C)flagellated sperm.
D)pistil.
E)anther.

Question 47

Endosperm,the nutritive tissue of the fruit,is the product of a(n)

A)sperm and egg union.
B)sperm and polar nuclei union.
C)spore and zygote union.
D)corolla and calyx union.
E)androecium and gynoecium union.

Question 48

Which of the following lists in correct order the relative size of gametophytes from largest to smallest?

A)angiosperms,ferns,mosses
B)ferns,mosses,angiosperms
C)angiosperms,mosses,ferns
D)mosses,ferns,angiosperms
E)mosses,angiosperms,ferns

Question 49

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of land plants is false?

A)The Charophyta are a sister clade to all the land plants.
B)The Chlorophyta are a sister clade to all the green plants.
C)Land plants evolved from freshwater algae.
D)The tracheophytes include all the land plants except for the bryophytes.
E)Mosses are a sister clade to all the tracheophytes.

Question 50

The male gametes,pollen grains of the flower,are formed in the

A)gynoecium.
B)microspores.
C)perianth.
D)stigma.
E)stylE.

Question 51

How many of the following six structures in the life cycles of these plants are haploid and multicellular? megaspore of pine tree,stalk and capsule of mosses,male gametophyte of pine tree,wing of pine seed,gametophyte of fern,stored food of female gametophyte of pine tree

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 52

Conifers have all of the following characteristics except

A)conifers have recessed stomatal opening.
B)conifers have needle-like leaves in clusters of two to five per bundle.
C)the gametophyte generation is the most conspicuous generation.
D)all conifers are heterosporous.

Question 53

Which one of the following statements about haplodiplontic life cycles is false?

A)For each gene,cells of the gametophyte stage have a single allele.
B)Spore mother cells produce haploid spores by meiosis.
C)The gametophyte stage produces gametes by mitosis.
D)The zygote is the only diploid cell in the sporophyte stage.
E)Mitosis occurs in both sporophyte and gametophyte stages.

Question 54

All of the following statements about seed plants are correct except

A)a dormant phase is introduced into the life cycle.
B)sperm reach eggs by traveling through a pollen tube.
C)in angiosperms the ovary develops into the seed.
D)seed plants produce two kinds of gametophytes.
E)pollen grains,multicellular male gametophytes,are conveyed to the female gametophyte by wind or pollinators.

Question 55

The fruit of angiosperms is ultimately made from the

A)gynoecium.
B)androecium.
C)perianth.
D)corolla.
E)calyx.

Question 56

The process unique to angiosperms is called

A)syngamy.
B)embryogenesis.
C)double fertilization.
D)zygote formation.
E)self-fertilization.

Question 57

Secondary xylem and phloem in tracheophyte seed plants allow for

A)increased girth later in their development.
B)increased root penetration in drier habitats.
C)increased leaf expansion and elongation.
D)increased production of flowers and fruits.
E)increased production of rhizoids at their root tips.

Question 58

Advances in molecular systematics show that whisk ferns and horsetails are the closest living relatives of

A)mosses.
B)club mosses.
C)seed plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 59

Whisk ferns,club mosses,and horsetails have all the following characteristics in common with ferns except

A)all of these plants are seedless tracheophyte plants.
B)all of these plants produce flagellated sperm.
C)all of these plants form antheridia and archegonia.
D)all of these plants require free water for the process of fertilization to occur.
E)all of these plants have no vascular tissuE.

Question 60

A bryologist (a scientist that studies mosses,and their allies)gives a lecture to your biology class.In her lecture,she makes a reference to fern reproduction.She says,"Fern spores germinate into _____."

A)gametophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
B)gametophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate
C)sporophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
D)sporophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate

Question 61

Within the life cycle of a pine,which of the following structures are haploid?

A)nucellus
B)integument with micropyle
C)megasporangium
D)pollen grain
E)scale of cone

Question 62

Which one of the following traits would be found in a typical fern but not a moss?

A)homospory
B)tracheids
C)gametophytes with rhizoids
D)antheridia
E)a sporophyte generation

Question 63

Which one of the following statements about a typical fern life cycle is false?

A)Sori contain sporangiA.
B)Spores are haploid.
C)Gametophytes have rhizomes.
D)Gametes are produced by mitosis.
E)The sporophyte grows out of an archegonium.

Question 64

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.Anthophyta
B.Coniferophyta
C.Cycadophyta
D.Bryophyta
E.Pterophyta
Heterosporous;sperm lack flagella;pines,spruces,etc.

Question 65

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.Anthophyta
B.Coniferophyta
C.Cycadophyta
D.Bryophyta
E.Pterophyta
Heterosporous;sperm not motile;double fertilization.

Question 66

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.Anthophyta
B.Coniferophyta
C.Cycadophyta
D.Bryophyta
E.Pterophyta
Sporophytes are attached to the gametophytes;green gametophytes that manufacture food;distinct leaves and roots;mosses.

Question 67

Which one of the following structures in the moss life cycle is not haploid?

A)germinating spore
B)antheridium
C)sperm
D)spore mother cell
E)rhizoid tissue

Question 68

Which one of the following choices states a major difference between the life cycle of an angiosperm and a gymnosperm such as pine?

A)Angiosperms are dioecious;pines are not.
B)Angiosperms use a pollen tube to deliver sperm to the egg;pines do not.
C)The tissue surrounding the embryo is triploid in angiosperms;it is diploid in pines.
D)The megaspore mother cell is diploid in angiosperms;it is haploid in pines.
E)Microspores are produced by meiosis in angiosperms;they are produced by mitosis in pines.

Question 69

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.Anthophyta
B.Coniferophyta
C.Cycadophyta
D.Bryophyta
E.Pterophyta
Seed-forming;motile sperm;palm-like plants.

Question 70

Which one of the following is not a part of the embryo sac (angiosperm female gametophyte)?

A)generative cell
B)antipodals
C)polar nuclei
D)synergids
E)egg

Question 71

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
A.Anthophyta
B.Coniferophyta
C.Cycadophyta
D.Bryophyta
E.Pterophyta
Mostly homosporous;motile sperm;ferns.

Question 72

For which of the following organisms is the sporophyte stage the dominant stage in the life cycle?

A)human
B)fern
C)green alga Chlamydomonas
D)green alga Ulva
E)liverwort

Question 73

Which one of the following floral structures is not part of a carpel?

A)stigma
B)receptacle
C)ovary
D)ovule
E)style

Question 74

Which of the following groups is most closely related to the tracheophytes?

A)Bryophytes
B)Charophytes
C)Liverworts
D)Hornworts
E)Pterophyta

Question 75

Select a structure that neither participates in or results from double fertilization.

A)sperm
B)polar nuclei
C)zygote
D)endosperm
E)antipodals